Biology Quiz Chapter 1-10 Questions with Answers 100% Correct Answers, Exams of Zoology

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Biology Quiz Chapter 1-10 Questions with Answers 100%

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1. What is a keystone species?: A species whose removal causes major shifts in other species in a community
2. A community is made up of: Different populations of organisms living in the same area.
3. A broad concept in science that is strongly supported by many forms of evidence, is accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists, and has not yet been found to be incorrect is a: Theory
4. What is the goal of using the experimental method to investigate proximate causes in biology?: To test our understanding of a biological system. 5.A characteristic of science is that: It's hypotheses are testable. 6.The energy storage in an animal's tissues is called: Glycogen
5. The fossil record is incomplete for animals which poses a major challenge to evolutionary theory.: False 8.Almost all life depends on the energy from the: Sun
6. A study of both a living community and all of its physical factors

would focus on what level of organization?: Ecosystem 10.Much of science is based on an approach known as the method.: Hypothetico-deductive 11.Some ecologists study complex interactions of animals and plants in forests. Such field research produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology experiments performed indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?: It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory. 12.What is a hypothesis?: A tentative statement, based on information or data, that explains a large number of observations and guides experimentation. 13.Most energy enters the ecosystem as: Light energy. 14.We could state a biological "law" that all food chains begin with photo- synthetic producers if it wasn't for the exception of: Chemoautotrophic bacteria found around deep ocean thermal vents. 15.In your study group you have been asked to explain the difference between control and experimental groups. Which statement give below provides the best description of a control group?: A group that lacks the

disturbance experi- enced by the experimental group. 16.The principle of natural selection is founded in which of the following statements?: -There is a struggle for existence among varying organisms in a population. -All organisms tend to overproduce their kind. -Organisms vary and some variations provide an advantage for survival. 17.Discuss how the extinction of a keystone species can affect an ecosys- tem.: This may lead to an overpopulation of a species and a decline in the number of a particular species that depend on it for food. Overall, this may likely harm the health of the ecosystem. 18.In tidal pools, a food pyramid is inverted with a small base of phytoplankton supporting zooplankton consumers. How can this be explained?: The pyramid is a pyramid of biomass and the standing crop of phytoplankton has less biomass than the standing crop of zooplankton. 19.The maximum number of individuals of a species that an area can support is the: Carrying capacity. 20.The statement that the large anatomical differences that separate the

major groups of animals originated through the accumulation of many small incremental changes over long periods of time illustrates Darwin's theory of: Gradualism. 21.A person goes around banging a drum each day. You ask him why. He replies, "To drive off the tigers!" You reply "But there aren't any tigers around here." He replies, "See, it works!" From a science viewpoint, this conclusion: Is not valid unless there is the potential for tigers to be here, or a test is run with tigers. 22.A frog is found along the edge of a pond. The location where the frog lives would be the frog's .: Habitat 23.A group within an experimental design that is subjected to all the condi- tions except the experimental variable is called the: Control

24. Commensalism differs from mutualism by the fact that in commensalism- : One organism is not affected. 25.To have a frame of reference against which to compare experimental findings, a scientist must: Study two groups: a control group and an experimental group. 26.Microevolution is described as the study of changes in frequencies

of variant forms of genes within individuals and species.: False 27.The theory that all forms of life descended from a common ancestor through a branching of lineages constitutes Darwin's theory of: Common de- scent 28.Natural populations are controlled by density-dependent and density- inde- pendent forces. What is an example of a density independent factor?: Adverse weather 29.An animal population is a group of animals that form which of the follow- ing?: A reproductive community with members of the same species 30.A phylogeny based on evolutionary theory will: -Explain variations among fossils from rock strata. -Explain similarities and differences among modern living groups. -Reflect patterns of shared and unique sections of DNA among groups of animals. 31.Which kingdom in the five-kingdom system must be discontinued and broken up to be compatible with cladistic systematics?: Protista 32.Which type of tissue lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?:

Ep- ithelial tissue 33.In animal anatomy, the term that designates the back side of an animal is: The dorsal side 34.Which of the following correctly lists the classic Linnaean ranks for an- imals, from largest and most inclusive to smallest and least inclusive?: Do- main-kingdom-phylum-class-order-family-genus-species 35.A taxon is paraphyletic if it: Includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some, but not all, of its descendants. 36.Character similarity that results from common embryology, and therefore ancestry, is called: Homology 37.Differentiation of a head end (found mainly in bilaterally symmetrical ani- mals) is called: Cephalization 38.A station on your histology practical exam features a sample of tissue that has elongate cells with striations. What kind of tissue are you examining?: - Cardiac or skeletal muscle are possibilities based on this description. 39.Animals with organs in a cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm are: Coelomate.

40.Vertebrates have: -Tube-within-a-tube body plan. -Coelomate body plan. -Bilateral symmetry. 41.A species of fern that was only found on one small island would be defined as: Endemic. 42.Segments are delineated within a developing animal by the use of Hox genes. Their gene products are transcription factors that regulate the expres- sion of other genes that guide the development of the segment.: True 43.A variety of nonnervous cells that insulate neurons and serve various supportive functions is: Neuroglia 44.Which gives the correct sequence of increasing organizational complexi- ty?: Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism 45.Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?: Line body surfaces and cavities 46.Characters used to distinguish one group from another must be: - Chromo- somal or genetic. -Morphological or structural features.

-Molecular and cellular structures. 47.Which of the following represent(s) a consequence of surface-area-to- vol- ume ratio?: -An amoeba needs no gills or lungs, an amphibian needs some small gills or lungs, but a horse needs substantial lung surface. -When both a large and small bird of the same species hit a microwave tower while migrating at night, the small bird is more likely to die from loss of heat before it can recover from the mild trauma. -A cup of tea poured from a large teapot cools off faster than the larger amount of tea left in the teapot. 48.A branching diagram whose branches represent real lineages that oc- curred in the evolutionary past is called a/an ##.: A phylogenetic tree

49. is a fibrous protein found in connective tissue, and probably the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.: Collagen 50.An animal that possesses an ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm is called: Triploblastic 51.If only two germ layers are present in an organism, which germ layer is lacking?: Mesoderm 52.As the gut cavity develops, the blastula: Develops into a gastrula.

53.Which of the following types of tissue provides movement for and through- out the entire body?: Muscle tissue 54.Animals that have one solid mass of tissue rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are: Acoelomate 55.Which tissue includes bone and cartilage?: Connective tissue 56.As an animal increases in size: Body length increases more slowly than body volume. 57.A taxon is monophyletic if it: Includes the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants. 58.A branching diagram representing a nested hierarchical pattern of clades is called a/an .: Cladogram 59.A specimen of a newly discovered animal species is brought to your lab to be classified and described. You note that the animal shows true seg- mentation. If you are going to classify this animal according to the current method, given the following choices, which phylum could be excluded for this species?: Mollusca 60.Blood is an example of a tissue known as: Connective. 61.Nervous tissue is made of: Neurons and neuroglia. 62.Animals with organs in a cavity that is not completely lined with

mesoderm are: Pseudocoelomate. 63.Which tissue includes the epidermis?: Epithelial tissue 64.A basketball would represent: Spherical symmetry. 65.Similar cells grouped together to perform a common function are called a: Tissue 66.Which is an example of a Ciliophoran?: Paramecium 67.Reproduction in unicellular eukaryotes: May be asexual or any of the above sexual cycles. 68.The distinction between phagotrophs (or holozoic feeders) and os- motrophs (or saprozoic feeders) is a difference between: Ingesting visible par- ticles or organisms versus ingesting dissolved substances, sometimes from dead organisms. 69.Nitrogenous wastes from metabolism are eliminated from unicellular eu- karyotes through which of the following mechanisms?: Emptied from the cell by contractile vacuoles. 70.What is found at the base of every flagellum or cilium?: Kinetosome 71.When working in your study group the focus is on osmoregulation carried out by unicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following pairings is

accurate or true?: -Water balance is the same thing as osmoregulation. -Osmoregulation is typically present in freshwater unicellular eukaryotic forms living in a hypoosmotic environment. 72.What are long, thin pseudopodia supported by axial rods of microtubules called?: Axopodia 73.What is the function of the contractile vacuole in protozoa?: Water balance 74."Red tides" are caused by massive blooms of: Dinoflagellates. 75.Nutrition in unicellular eukaryotes is best described as: -Saprozoic -Heterotrophic -Heterotrophic 76.Giardialamblia causes: Diarrhea and intestinal ailments; is found in contami- nated water. 77.Examples of ciliates: -Vorticella -Trichodina -Stentor -Paramecium 78.Organisms in the genus Trypanosoma cause: African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease.

79.Which of the following is/are correct descriptions of unicellular eukaryote characteristics?: No germ layers are ever formed. 80.Which organelle is believed to have arisen from an independent aerobic prokaryote engulfed by an anaerobic prokaryote?: Mitochondrion 81.The strange case of organisms that undergo meiosis to produce gametes that fuse to form a zygote internally without leaving the organism is a process called: Autogamy. 82.What are the functions of the macronucleus and one or more small mi- cronuclei in Paramecium?: The micronucleus undergoes meiosis to produce hap- loid micronuclei that are exchanged in conjugation; the macronucleus is responsible for the "day-to-day" functions of the cell. 83.To what extent are the cells of a colonial Volvox specialized?: Somatic cells function in nutrition and locomotion while a few "germ" cells carry out reproduction. 84.What is the name of the mouth structure found at the end of the oral groove in a Paramecium ciliate?: Cytostome 85.What happens during conjugation in most ciliates?: Haploid micronuclei are exchanged. 86.Alligators excavate holes in the bottom of bodies of water. During times

of severe drought these holes act as refugia for various aquatic organisms that might perish if there were no water available. Thus, alligators in this system can be classified as: An ecosystem engineer. 87.Which statement is an accurate interpretation of the outcome in an ecosys- tem when a major predator is removed?: The diversity of the ecosystem decreas- es due to an increase in competition. 88.Which of the following are true about ecosystems?: -The ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is the sun. -There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy. -Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem. -They contain both living and nonliving components. 89.Energy enters most ecosystems by the process of: Photosynthesis 90.Which of the following are types of symbioses?: -Mutualism -Parasitism -Commensalism 91.Select the closest relative to a squirrel.: Fungi 92.The common characteristic of Alveolata is: A layer of flattened vesicles beneath the plasma membrane.

93.The most diverse of the four eukaryotic kingdoms is the: Protista Kingdom. 94.Interspecific competition can affect the phenotypic characteristics of or- ganisms.: True 95.In addition to the true amoebas (Rhizopoda), another group with pseudopods are the: Radiolarians. 96.All organisms living together in a place are called a: Community 97.The combustion of fossil fuels is altering the balance between photosyn- thesis and .: Respiration 98.Which of the following statements would not be consistent with the theory for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA enclosed within a nuclear envelope 99.You have been studying the relationship between jackals and tigers in India. Until recently, the only relationship you have observed is that jackals will associate themselves with a particular tiger and follow it at a safe distance in order to feed on the big cat's kills. However, recently you observed a jackal alerting a tiger to a potential kill with a loud cry. If you

continue to observe this alerting behavior, you might change the categorization of the jackal/tiger relationship from to .: commensalism; mutualism

100. In India, golden jackals that have been expelled from their pack have been known to attach themselves to a particular tiger, trailing it at a safe distance in order to feed on the big cat's kills. What type of relationship exists between the jackal and the tiger?: Commensalism
101. Protists are classified into a single kingdom because of which of the following features?: They are eukaryotes, but not fungi, plants, or animals.
102. A wolf that feeds on moose and elk would be classified within which trophic level?: Primary carnivore
103. Which of the following statements about predation are true?: - Animal predation on plants is called herbivory. -Predation can induce coevolutionary changes in prey species. -Predation reduces competition in a community.
104. With almost no exceptions, the nitrogen fixers are: Prokaryotes.
105. Two species of warblers colonize the same island habitat. Both species nest in similar locations and eat the same type of prey. Eventually,

competition will probably cause one species to: Be eliminated.

106. Members of the Euglenozoa move within their habitats with the aid of: - Flagella

107. Heterotrophs must obtain organic molecules that have been synthesized by: Autotrophs.
108. The attempt of two organisms trying to utilize the same resource is called: competition.
109. Warning coloration, serves to protect an animal or plant by sending a warning signal to potential: Predators
110. A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community and helps to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community is known as: A keystone species.
111. Competition between species is called .: Interspecific
112. Organisms that are characterized by being unicellular, photosynthetic and having double shells made of silica are known as: Diatoms.

113. The tropical diseases such as African sleeping sickness, Chaga's dis- ease, and leishmaniasis are caused by: Trypanosomes
114. Amoebas move from place to place by means of their: Pseudopods.
115. Competition shapes communities because there are usually limited: Re- sources.
116. A relationship in which both members benefit is called: Mutualism
117. The marine multicellular protists including the larger brown algae belong to the: Stramenopiles.
118. Which of the following groups do not contain any species that are au- totrophs?: Fungi
119. What type of relationship is it when two or more kinds of organisms live together in often elaborate and more or less permanent association?: Symbi- otic
120. Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?: Ame- boid cells capture food particles from the water.
121. Asconoid canals are simple with choanocytes creating water currents to pull water in for filtration.: True
122. The demosponges: Are mostly marine but include the freshwater sponges.

123. The outer thin, flat, epithelial-like cells that cover the outside and some inside surfaces of sponges, are: Pinacocytes.
124. Specialized archaeocytes that secrete spicules are: Sclerocytes.
125. Reproduction in at least some sponges is: -Asexual by budding. -Asexual by fragmentation. -Sexual with both male and female sex cells in one individual. -Asexual by gemmules.
126. Sponges are living, consume organic matter from the environment, and therefore must produce waste. Waste is managed by kidney like structures that form during the blastula stage of sponge development.: False
127. A sponge feeds by: Beating the flagella of collar cells to form a current; food is absorbed by collar cells.
128. The extracellular matrix found in sponges is: Mesohyl or mesenchyme.
129. The most complex and the most common body form of sponges is found in the: Leuconoids. 130. Cells responsible for water flow and capture of some particles are the: -

Choanocytes.

131. The modified cells of sponges that form circular bands and provide just a little constriction to control water flow are: Myocytes.
132. Chemical secretions, produced as sponges and bacteria live in symbiotic relationships, are proving important as therapies for human disease.: True
133. Because sponges lack the tissue level of organization symbiotic relation- ships between sponges and other creatures are unimportant.: False
134. The simplest of canal systems is found in the: Asconoids.
135. The structural protein found in all sponges is: Collagen
136. Specialized archaeocytes that secrete collagen are: Collencytes.
137. Most sponges have one of three types of canal systems - asconoid, syconoid, or leuconoid. These canal systems vary in their level of complex- ity.: True
138. In glass sponges (Class Hexactinellida), a single continuous syncytial tissue is called a: Trabecular reticulum
139. Calcareous or siliceous elements of the sponge body wall provide sup- port. These elements are called: Spicules

140. Sponge development involves the formation of a blastula, but not a gastrula, so there are no germ layers and subsequent tissue development in sponges.: True 141. Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?: - Sponges share few characteristics with other animals.
141. Why are bath sponges so soft?: Bath sponge support is provided primarily by spongin proteins.
142. The free-swimming larva of most sponges is a: Parenchymula.
143. If a sponge is fragmented and cells are dissociated from one another, the cells will: Reorganize their structure and function, and clumps of isolated cells will form a new sponge.
144. The order in which a drop of ink would pass by the structures in an ascon sponge is: Ostia-spongocoel-osculum.
145. Specialized archaeocytes that secrete spongin are: Spongocytes.
146. Which statement about adult sponges is false?: Their bodies are aggrega- tions of one cell type.
147. It is thought that multicellularity has arisen from a unicellular lineage just one time in evolutionary history.: False
148. Cells that move about in the mesohyl, digest particles, and may

specialize for other functions are the: Archaeocytes.

150. Which is NOT a trait of sponges?: Water enters through the osculum 151. Imagine that you are studying an unidentifed creature. You suspect it is a cnidarian. Which features of the nervous system are unique to the phylum, and would support your idea that the creature is a cnidarian?: -Nerve impulses are transmitted in both directions across a network of nerves. -Vesicles with neurotransmitters are located on both sides of the synapse. -Nerve impulses are transmitted in both directions across a network of nerves.
151. Though cnidarians are considered animals, they can make their own food and are nonpredatory.: False 153. Hermatypic corals have mutualistic algal cells in their tissues called: - Zooxanthellae.
152. Which of the following is NOT a correct description of cnidarian nervous tissues?: Cnidaria are the first animals to develop a central

nervous system.

155. Which statement about Cnidaria is NOT true?: The body plan is tube-with- in-a-tube, with a distinct mouth and anus.
156. The class Hydrozoa contains Hydra, Obelia, and: The Portuguese man-of-war.
157. Predict what would happen to a sea anemone if the siphonoglyph stopped functioning.: Water would not be directed into the gastrovascular cavity.
158. Throughout most cnidarian groups, the basal or pedal disc serves to: At- tach the cnidarian to the substrate.
159. Ctenophores capture food by: Colloblasts.
160. Digestion in hydra is: Both extracellular and intracellular.
161. The function of the velum in cubozoans is: Locomotion.
162. The term "cnidaria" is based on the root words meaning: Like nettles.
163. To help overcome prey, some sea anemones have with ne- matocysts and gland cells that protrude through the mouth or pores.: Acontia threads

164. Which of the following is NOT a correct association?: Cnidocil— poison gland 165. Which of the following associations of cubozoan traits is NOT correct?: - Ephyrae—a major stage of cubozoans between polyps and medusae
165. Which of the following is NOT a cnidarian?: Planaria
166. Sea anemones and corals lack: A medusa stage.
167. Hydra reproduces asexually by: Buds 169. Predict what would occur if the rhopalium of a cnidarian became non- functional. Digestion would be impaired.: Sensory abilities would be impared.
168. If you are conducting a cnidarian survey and wish to find the best selec- tion of Cnidarians, where should you look?: Shallow marine habitats
169. A hydra moves by: Epitheliomuscular cells in the epidermis.
170. When considering cnidarian locomotion, which of the following state- ments are accurate?: Hydras and sea anemones can both move while in the polyp form.
171. Cnidarians are predators that digest their food in the

gastrovascular cav- ity. Because this occurs inside cnidarian bodies it is considered intra-cellular digestion.: False

174. Nematocysts are: Formed and used only by Cnidaria although a few other organisms may "steal" them.
175. Which association of anthozoan traits is NOT correct?: Hydrostatic skele- ton—hard coral secretions
176. The class of radiate animals with the most conspicuous medusa stage is: Scyphozoa
177. The correct sequence of development in a typical fluke life cycle is: Egg, miracidium, sporocyst, cercaria.
178. What is the most rapid way to differentiate a member of the phylum Chaetogntha from a member of the phylum Gnathostomulida?: Size
179. The male copulatory organ of turbellarians is called a: Cirrus
180. Animals with three well-defined germ layers and that have one solid mass of tissue rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are: Acoelomate and triploblastic.
181. Which of the following is not a class of the phylum Platyhelminthes?: Ne- mertea

182. The gnathostomulidan body is: Acoelomate.
183. The name of the free-swimming, ciliated stage that hatches from a trema- tode egg is the: Miracidium.
184. Rotifers are .: Dioecious.
185. The nervous system of a freshwater planarian consists of: A simple brain of ganglion cells leading to a ladder-type nerve network.
186. Tissues that seem to violate the cell theory because the nuclei are not separated by cell membranes are: Syncytial.
187. Rotifer corona contain cilia that function to .: Allow for feeding
188. The mastax of a rotifer is used for: Capturing and grinding food.
189. How could you become infected with adult tapeworms?: Eating insuffi- ciently cooked pork
190. In flame cells,: Flagella drive fluid through tubules. 191.As part of your laboratory assignment, you have to observe and describe oogenesis and the subsequent development of zygotes You observe that the animal does not add yolk to egg cells during oogenesis, and that yolk cells