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Biol 1406 Exam 1 Ch 1-3 What are the 4 classes or groups of biomolecules? - correct answer Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Monomers or building blocks of carbohydrates are ____. - correct answer Monosaccharides (such as glucose) Monomers or building blocks of lipids are ____. - correct answer Fatty Acids and Glycerol Monomers or building blocks of proteins are ____. - correct answer Amino Acids Monomers or building blocks of nucleic acids are ____. - correct answer Nucleotides What 3 parts or subunits make up a nucleotide? - correct answer 5-Carbon sugar Phosphate Group Nitrogenous Base What 5-carbon sugars would you expect to find in a nucleotide? - correct answer Deoxyribose (in DNA) OR Ribose (in RNA and ATP) Carbohydrates that are sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides) often end in the suffix. - correct answer -ose What nitrogenous bases would you expect to find in a nucleotide? - correct answer Any one of these: Adenine (DNA, RNA, & ATP) Guanine (DNA & RNA) Cytosine (DNA & RNA) Thymine (only DNA) Uracil (only RNA) ___ make up polymers. They are like building blocks. - correct answer Monomers Monomers join together to make up ___. - correct answer Polymers Which group of biomolecules have this structure? - correct answer Carbohydrates Carbohydrates can be classified into 3 groups based on size. What are they? - correct answer Monosaccharides (1 sugar big such as glucose) Disaccharides (2 sugars big, such as sucrose) Polysaccharides (many sugars big, such as starch or cellulose) Identify this molecule. What class of biomolecules does it belong? - correct answer Glucose Carbohydrate (simple sugar or monosaccharide) How does this molecule function in cells? - correct answer Basic energy or fuel source (This molecule is converted to ATP so the cell can do work) 1. Where in the cell is this molecule produced? 2. Where in the cell is this molecule converted to cellular energy or ATP? - correct answer 1. Chloroplasts (plant cells) 2. Mitochondria (all cells) The molecules surrounded by blue circles are removed when this lipid is formed. The process is called_________ ____________. - correct answer Dehydration synthesis, a building reaction Which molecule is RNA? - correct answer The one on the left (single sided) How do you know the molecule on the right is DNA? - correct answer 1. Double helix 2. Thymine is a nucleotide 1. What is the sugar in the molecule on the left? 2. What is the sugar in the molecule on the right? - correct answer 1. Ribose 2. Deoxyribose These 3 molecules make up a(n) ___ which is a monomer of ___. - correct answer nucleotide nucleic acid Which nucleic acid functions as the Genetic Code which stores hereditary info? - correct answer DNA Which nucleic acid functions as the instructions for synthesizing proteins? - correct answer DNA A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things). - correct answer Denature disrupts secondary and tertiary structure, NOT primary structure (peptide bonds) to make or produce - correct answer Synthesis enzyme - correct answer -ase Polypeptide - correct answer Another name for a protein Peptide bond - correct answer covalent bond formed between amino acids to form a protein Calories per gram for carbs and proteins - correct answer 4 Calories per gram for lipids - correct answer 9 Cellulose - correct answer A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms, humans cannot digest, lack enzymes Base pairing practice: 5' ATCG 3' of DNA - correct answer 3' TAGC 5' Enzymes - correct answer Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. Recognize a single stereoisomer (sucrose but not sucralose) Isomers - correct answer Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula (fructose, galactose, glucose) C6H12O6 Glycogen - correct answer An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. quaternary structure - correct answer The fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits. Hydrogenation - correct answer The process of converting unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen Biomolecule elements - correct answer Carbs: CHO, Lipids: CHO, Proteins: CHON, Nucleic Acids: CHONP cell - correct answer the smallest unit of life unicellular - correct answer made of only one cell multicellular - correct answer made of two or more cells growth - correct answer process of getting bigger in size reproduction - correct answer making new organisms development - correct answer changes that occur in an organism's lifetime; cells become specialized into different cell types response - correct answer a reaction to a stimulus homeostasis - correct answer an organism's ability to maintain steady internal conditions when outside conditions change. Shivering in cold temps adaptation - correct answer changes in a species of organisms over time in response to their environment energy use - correct answer plants require energy from the sun, animals require energy from their food Hypothesis - correct answer A testable prediction Control - correct answer In an experiment, the standard that is used for comparison. Does not change independent variable - correct answer The experimental factor that is manipulated or changed. Graphed on X axis. dependent variable - correct answer The measurable effect, outcome, or response from and experiment. Graphed on Y axis.