BKAT Critical Care Review Exam Questions and Answers 2024, Exams of Nursing

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BKAT Critical Care Review Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - correct answer 2-8 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - correct answer 6-12 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - correct answer 20- 30 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - correct answer 5- 15 mmHg Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - correct answer 11-20 mmHg Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - correct answer 800- 1200 mmHg Preload - correct answer volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole What is preload affected by? - correct answer venous return to the heart, atrial kick, total volume, and ventricular compliance What drugs can affect preload? - correct answer Furosemide and nitroglycerin Afterload - correct answer Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood out What drugs may affect afterload? - correct answer Vasoconstricters and vasodilators Contractility - correct answer the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take to move the preload out against the afterload What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - correct answer 5-10 min What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - correct answer Left ventricle What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - correct answer Right ventricle What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - correct answer Increased leftventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular dysfunctionor failure What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - correct answer Fluid overload or decreased compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD) Difference between stable and unstable angina - correct answer Stable angina: pain happens with certain activities but then goes away with rest. Unstable angina: chest pain can occur at rest, becomes more sever or frequent, or lasts longer ECG changes with an acute MI? - correct answer ST elevation or depression ECG changes with hyperkalemia - correct answer Peaked T waves What conditions may cause elevated cardiac enzymes? - correct answer Trauma, acute MI, CABG, and pericarditis What is the goal of treatment with cariogenic shock? - correct answer to increase cardiac output What are the effects of nitroprusside (Nipride) and dobutamine (Dobutrex) on preload,afterload, and contractility? - correct answer They both increase cardiac output, heartrate, and contractility Special precautions of Nipride - correct answer It can cause severe hypotension and cyanide toxicity Where to listen to assess with a murmur associated with aortic stenosis - correct answer right upper sternal border What is the most important thing to watch for when administering tPa? - correct answer mental status changes Anti-clotting medications - correct answer Aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticagrelor (Brilinta), warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, apixaban (Eliquis), and enoxaparin (Lovenox) Heart rate controlling medications - correct answer Beta blockers (-lol), calcium channel blockers (-ipine), Digoxin Heart rhythm controlling medications - correct answer Na+ channel blockers (lidocaine) and K+ channel blockers (amiodarone) R on T phenomenon - correct answer When pacing, a strong ventricular stimulus occurring on top of the T wave that can initiate a sustained ventricular tachyarrythmiaNormal PR interval - correct answer 0.12-0.20 seconds What can a long PR interval (>0.20 seconds) indicate? - correct answer 1st degreeheart block, hypokalemia, acute rheumatic fever, or carditis associated with Lymediseas e Normal QRS complex - correct answer 0.12 seconds or less Is medication that is excreted through the kidneys increased or decreased in dosage for patients in acute renal failure? - correct answer Decreased Recommended renal diet - correct answer Low Na+, low phosphorus, and low protein Sudden development of dyspnea and tachycardia in acute renal failure patients in most indicative of what? - correct answer Fluid overload Low intermittent suction is used with OGT and NGT to do what? - correct answer Decompress the stomach and prevent vomiting Best way to confirm OGT/NGT placement - correct answer X-ray "Coffee ground" NGT aspirate may indicate what? - correct answer Bleeding that has occurred in the recent past and become partially digested Signs and symptoms of blood transfusion reactions - correct answer Back pain, dark urine, chills, fainting, dizziness, fever, flank pain, skin flushing, and shortness of breath Most important treatment in burn patients with 24 hours following airway securment - correct answer IV fluid resuscitation Why should a hypothermic patient not be rapidly re-warmed? - correct answer Rebound increased ICP True or false: A medical power of attorney gives the person the right to make all medical decisions for the patient while in critical care? - correct answer False ACLS rhythms that amiodarone is used to treat - correct answer V-fib and pulseless v- tach Amiodarone dosage for ACLS - correct answer 300 mg Signs and symptoms of cyanide toxicity - correct answer Mental status changes,tachycardia, seizure, a need for an increase in dose, and unexplained metabolicacidosi s BKAT Critical Care Review Exam Questions and Answers 2024