BLEA Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Updated 2024., Exams of Nursing

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BLEA Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest

Updated 2024.

Purpose of Patrol Procedures - Correct answer The purpose of Patrol Procedures is to learn and develop principles used for patrol work, to maximize your effectiveness, and to minimize the associated risks with patrol 5 Primary objectives of patrol - Correct answer 1) Protect and serve

2. Crime Prevention
3. Preserve the peace
4. Enforce all laws
5. Arrest 4 C's of call response - Correct answer Communicate, Coordinate, Command and Control The 7 fatal tendencies - Correct answer 1) Unbalanced Pr / Service orientation 2)Use less force than peers
6. Use force later than peers
7. Shortcuts rules and procedures
8. Acts without backup
9. Relies too heavily on "reading" people
10. Drops guard when good is perceived Ten deadly errors - Correct answer 1) Failure to watch hands
11. Apathy towards suspect
12. lack of rest
13. Tombstone courage (Acting alone)
14. Preoccupation
15. Missing danger signs
16. Taking a bad position
17. Relaxing too soon
18. Improper search or handcuffing
19. Failure to maintain proficiency with equipment What is Criminal Procedure? - Correct answer Criminal Procedure is the way in which peace officers lawfully do their job to ensure successful prosecution of offenders. Substantive Law - Correct answer Legislated acts Establishes the acts and mental state necessary to commit a crime

Procedural Law - Correct answer Legislated acts Establishes the procedures to be employed in governmental affairs Significance of Criminal procedures - Correct answer Protects the rights of all citizens Enhances the ability to successfully prosecute criminals reduces criminal liability to the officer reduces civil liability to the officer reduces the likelihood of internal discipline Enhances public cooperation in those "Critical times" Sources of criminal procedure - Correct answer Constitutional documents RCW Washington state court rules court ruling from federal and state courts agency policies common law Law enforcement Liability and sanctions - Correct answer No Absolute immunity for officers, only good faith immunity, another officer would have acted the same way in the same situation. Officers can be sued at any time Disciplinary sanctions applicable to officers - Correct answer Criminal liability (being charged with a crime) Civil Liability (Sued) Department Liability (Discipline, demotion, termination) Public Duty Doctrine - Correct answer Officer liability determined by 4 categories

1. Do we have a duty owed?
2. Do we have a duty breached
3. Were actual damages suffered?
4. Was the duty breached the proximate cause for the damages suffered? What events trigger officers getting sued? - Correct answer excessive force bad driving breaking down the wrong door arresting the wrong person arresting without probable cause K9 bites someone harassment What events trigger agencies to be sued - Correct answer negligent hiring negligent retention failure to train improper training

failure to supervise condoning sexual or racial harassment failure to treat employees equally Before acting, always ask if your actions are? - Correct answer Reasonable Legal Ethical Within department policy Constitutional law overview Constitutional structure - Correct answer Constitution made of, the preamble, the articles of incorporation, and the bill of rights Governmental departments and Checks and balances - Correct answer Executive, President, executive and cabinet departments - Enforces Laws, recommends legislation, signs or veto's bills, make treaties, can call special sessions, appoints federal judges Legislative, house and senate - Makes laws, Senate Confirms and ratifies treaties, congress creates agencies, provides funds, can override veto, can impeach president. Judicial, Supreme and lower courts - Interprets laws, can declare laws unconstitutional, can declare executive actions unconstitutional. 1st Amendment - Correct answer 1) Freedom of Religion

2. freedom of speech
3. freedom of the press
4. right to peaceably assemble
5. right to petition the government to redress grievances 2nd Amendment - Correct answer "A well regulated militia being necessary for the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed" 3rd Amendment - Correct answer "No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law" 4th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of people, their houses, papers and effects
6. Warrants will only be issued upon a showing of Probable Cause
7. Probable Cause must be supported by and oath or affirmation
8. The warrant must particularly describe - the places to be searcher - the persons or things to be seized 5th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Charges must be filed by indictment

2. Establishes a prohibition on double jeopardy
3. Prohibits self incrimination in criminal cases
4. No deprivation of life, liberty, or property without your right to appeal
5. No taking of private property without just compensation 6th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Right to a speedy trial (60/90 day rule)
6. Right to an impartial jury
7. Right to trial in the proper venue
8. Right to be informed of the nature of the accusation
9. Right to confront witnesses
10. Right subpoena witness on your behalf
11. Right to the assistance of counsel 7th Amendment - Correct answer Guarantees the right to a civil Jury trial in accordance with common law 8th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Prohibits excessive bail
12. Prohibits excessive fines
13. Prohibits cruel or unusual punishment 9th Amendment - Correct answer The enumeration of rights in the constitution shall not me construed to deny other rights retained by the people. 10th Amendment - Correct answer Powers not delegated to the U.S. by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or their people. 14th Amendment - Correct answer All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the U.S and the state in which they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or Immunities of citizens of the U.S, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protections of law. 4th Amendment vs article 1 section 7 of WA state constitution - Correct answer The Washington state constitution provides far greater protection from search and seizure than is guaranteed by the 4th amendment. Privacy is protected by the WA constitution. Court Definition - Level of proof needed for criminal prosecutions - Correct answer Proof beyond a reasonable doubt Court Definition - Level of proof needed for civil actions - Correct answer Preponderance of the evidence (less evidence is needed in civil court than in criminal court)

Court Definition - Trier of the Law - Correct answer Exclusively the responsibility of the Judge Court Definition - Trier of the fact - Correct answer Depending on the trial this may be the responsibility of the the judge or the jury Court Definition - Jury Trial - Correct answer Trial by your peers Court Definition - Bench Trial - Correct answer The Judge is both the trier of the law and the trier of the fact Court Definition - Appeal of the facts - Correct answer The jury made the wrong decision (This is not permissible in our judicial system) Court Definition - Appeal of the Law - Correct answer The only valid grounds for appeal in our system Federal court structure - U.S. District Court - Correct answer -1 Judge per cause

• Has jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases Federal court structure - U.S. Court of Appeals - Correct answer - 3 Justices per cause
• Hears appeal cases exclusively Federal court structure - U.S. Supreme Court - Correct answer - 9 Justices per cause
• The final Avenue of appeals State court Structure - Municipal Courts - Correct answer - A court of Municipal Jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (only misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors) and civil cases within the municipal boundaries State court Structure - District Court - Correct answer - A court of County Jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (only misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors) and civil cases originating from within the county boundaries State court Structure - Superior Court - Correct answer - court has state-wide jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (felonies) and civil cases
• Hears juvenile cases
• 1 Judge oversees appeals of lower court decisions and administrative hearings
• The court may issue search warrants valid anywhere within the state of WA State court Structure - State court of appeals - Correct answer - A court for appeals of law
• 3 Justices per cause

• WA state divided into 3 divisions - Div 1, western WA King county and north. - Div 2, western WA Pierce and south. - Div 3, Eastern WA.
• Each Division may reach their independent conclusions on a cause State court Structure - WA State Supreme Court - Correct answer - The final Avenue of an appeal for WA state constitutional issues
• Our court has traditionally used an 'independent grounds" approach to their decisions
• 9 Justices sit in on considerations of appeals generated to the court State court Structure - General info - Correct answer - All State Judges are elected officials
• An adversarial court process is used in the US. (two parties represent their case before an impartial 3rd party) Steps from Arrest to Trial - Correct answer 1) Arrest for Probable Cause, or Arrest made via warrant

2. arraignment
3. Pre-Trial Suppression hearings
4. Commencement of trial
5. The Appeals process Court timeline for an Arrest for Probable Cause - Correct answer 1) Preliminary appearance must be no later than end of next judicial day
6. P.C. Hearing must occur within 48 Hours of Custody
7. Filing of charges must occur within 72 Hours of custody Court timeline for an Arrest made via a Warrant - Correct answer 1) Preliminary appearance must occur no later than the end of the next judicial day
8. P.C. is determined at time of warrant issue, no need for subsequent hearings
9. Filing charges also occurs before the issuance of warrant. Trial Step - Arraignment - Correct answer Common law term for the formal reading of a criminal complaint, and the charges being brought, must occur in the presence of the defendant, the accused is expected to enter a plea in response Must occur within 14 days of filing charges. Trial step - Pre-Trial Suppression Hearings - Correct answer Determines what criminal charges and civil cause of actions will be heard, what evidence will be admitted, and what else needs to happen before a case can proceed. Trial Step - Pre-Trial Suppression Hearings - WA State specific hearings - Correct answer 3.1 Hearing: for deprivation of counsel (Miranda) 3.5 Hearing: deals with confessions and defendant statements 3.6 Hearing: Deals with oral, physical, and identification evidence issues

Trial step - Commencement of Trial - Correct answer Defendant has a right to a speedy trial, 60 days if the defendant is in custody, 90 days if the defendant is at large/on release Once the trial begins the following takes place

1. Jury Selection
2. Opening Statements
3. State's Case (Includes direct and cross examination)
4. Defense Case (includes direct and cross examination)
5. Rebuttal Statements
6. Closing Statements
7. Jury Instructions
8. Jury Deliberations What is a criminal investigation? - Correct answer A search for truth, reconstruction of a crime scene in order to locate suspects and gather evidence. Investigation keys to success - Correct answer think plan be patient be thorough be flexible know your limits know your resources persevere What does a successful investigation look like? - Correct answer A successful investigation occurs when you have followed a logical sequence, all evidence has been legally obtained, witnesses have been interviewed, suspects are legally and effectively interrogated, leads are thoroughly developed, and details are accurately and completely reported. Law Enforcement approach to Investigations - Correct answer Evidence does not lie What is Physical Evidence - Correct answer 1) Anything that will challenge or support information
9. Any legally obtained object or material which aids the investigator in reconstructing the offense or identify the offender
10. Proves or disproves stated facts or beliefs
11. Is objective, cannot lie
12. Takes various forms, clothing fibers to houses, to odors Importance of physical evidence - Correct answer Proves the existence of a crime identifies and places suspects exonerates the innocent

corroborates testimony encourages confessions Locard's Law - Correct answer Named after Edmond Locard, founder of 1st forensic lab. "The perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both can be used as forensic evidence" Trace evidence - Correct answer Clothing fibers, skin, hair Evidence vs Information - Correct answer Information aides primarily in locating suspects Evidence aides primarily in convicting suspects Physical evidence is more tangible and therefore better at convincing a jury Characteristics of physical evidence - Correct answer Class characteristics - Identifiers that comprise a group of something. I.E Fibers, paint, blood type, hair, soil Individual characteristics - Are true to only one source of evidence. I.E Fingerprints, Bite marks, handwriting, DNA Physical evidence Requirements - Correct answer All Physical Evidence must meet these four characteristics

1. Legally Obtained
2. Relevant
3. Identifiable (And)
4. A chain of custody must be established (A record of the evidence must be kept from the finding of it to the presentation of it to the jury to prove that it has not been tampered with) Investigative Hypothesis - Correct answer A theory formed after initial contact, must be willing to reassessed as new evidence presents itself. Base it on your actual observations, Who, What, When, Why, Why and How. Reading people - Correct answer Reading people involves observing their behaviors, paying attention to their tone of voice, and actively listening to their words. Crisis Definition - Correct answer a crisis is an emotionally significant event that causes stress, overwhelms someone's usual problem solving skills, and results in chaos. Can be triggered by a variety of things, from missing the bus to a hurricane, whether or not it is a crisis depends on a persons reaction. Sources of Stress - Correct answer 1) Environmental

2. Psycho-social
3. Personality Types of Stress - Correct answer 1) Acute - immediate, happening right now
4. Chronic - Dealing with the same thing over and over
5. Accumulative - Bills, work and other sources of stress piling on over time
6. Delayed - PTSD, after a traumatic event the stress presents itself. Verbal communication and non-verbal communication - Correct answer Messages have two parts, the actual words and the signals we send along with the words to tell people how the words are meant to be taken. Non-Verbal means of communication - Correct answer Posture Tone of voice Gestures Effective Communication - Definition - Correct answer The ability to select the appropriate means of communication, often under surprising or stressful circumstances Tactical Communication - Definition - Correct answer A planned method (Script) of talking with people. Also a technique for gaining voluntary compliance from difficult people using professional language. Empathy - Definition - Correct answer "The action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to and vicariously experiencing the feelings and thoughts of another. Active listening - Definition - Correct answer A method of listening in which we both understand what is being said and convey to the speaker that we understand them Includes Empathy Paraphrasing probing verbal prompts silence The 3 E's of Traffic Enforcement - Correct answer 1) Education - teaching the Public
7. Engineering - Contributing factors in collisions are determined by investigation, these factors can influence roadway design and traffic control.
8. Enforcement - Motivating motorists to modify their driving behavior and acting as a deterrent to poor driving. Applying these 3 tools can result in reducing the number of collisions, loss of life, and expediting the flow of traffic while assisting the motoring public

Ethics in Traffic Law Enforcement - Perception - Correct answer Most citizens 1st contact with Law enforcement is a traffic stop, make a good 1st impression, it will last. Don't abuse the authority you have been given. Ethics in Traffic Law Enforcement - Professionalism - Correct answer As officers you are held to a higher standard of performance. Be professional at all times Ethics in Traffic Law Enforcement - Fairness - Correct answer Use common sense and good judgement to make responsible decisions when enforcing traffic laws. Traffic enforcement is about more than stopping cars and writing citations Source of Officer authority to enforce traffic laws - Correct answer Our authority comes from the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) Traffic Law - Obedience to Police officers, Flagmen, or Fire Fighters - Correct answer RCW 46.61.015 (Misdemeanor) No person shall willfully refuse or fail to comply with any lawful order or direction of any duly authorized flagman, police officer or firefighter invested by law to direct, control or regulate traffic Traffic Law - Refusal to give information to or cooperate with Officer - Correct answer RCW 46.61.020 (Misdemeanor) It is unlawful for any person while operating a vehicle when requested by an officer to -Refuse to give thier name or address -Refuse to give name or address of the owner of the vehicle

• Give a false name and address -Refuse or neglect to stop when properly signaled -Refuse to produce their registration and proof of insurance -refuse to give their drivers license to an officer
• refuse to permit examination of any equipment or weighing of vehicle Traffic Law - Duty to Obey Law Enforcement Officer - Correct answer RCW 46.61.

1. Any person requested or signaled to stop by a law enforcement officer for a traffic infraction has a duty to stop
2. When stopped for a traffic infraction the officer may detain an individual for a reasonable amount of time in order to identify the individual, check their license, insurance, vehicle registration and issue a traffic infraction.
3. Any person requested to identify themselves to a Law enforcement officer pursuant to an investigation for a traffic infraction has a duty to identify themselves. Traffic Law - Failure to obey Officer - Correct answer RCW 46.61.022 (Misdemeanor)

Any person who willfully fails to stop when requested or signaled to do so by a person reasonably identifiable as law enforcement or to comply with RCW 46.61.021 is guilty of a misdemeanor. Traffic Law - Attempting to elude pursuing police vehicle - Correct answer RCW 46.61.024 (Class C Felony) -Any driver of a motor vehicle who willfully fails or refuses to immediately stop -Who drives in a manner indicating a wanton or willful disregard for the lives or property of others while attempting to elude a police vehicle -After the officer has signaled the vehicle to stop by hand, voice, lights or sirens -Officer in uniform -Police vehicles shall be equipped with lights and sirensrpose of Patrol Procedures - Correct answer The purpose of Patrol Procedures is to learn and develop principles used for patrol work, to maximize your effectiveness, and to minimize the associated risks with patrol 5 Primary objectives of patrol - Correct answer 1) Protect and serve

2. Crime Prevention
3. Preserve the peace
4. Enforce all laws
5. Arrest 4 C's of call response - Correct answer Communicate, Coordinate, Command and Control The 7 fatal tendencies - Correct answer 1) Unbalanced Pr / Service orientation 2)Use less force than peers
6. Use force later than peers
7. Shortcuts rules and procedures
8. Acts without backup
9. Relies too heavily on "reading" people
10. Drops guard when good is perceived Ten deadly errors - Correct answer 1) Failure to watch hands
11. Apathy towards suspect
12. lack of rest
13. Tombstone courage (Acting alone)
14. Preoccupation
15. Missing danger signs
16. Taking a bad position
17. Relaxing too soon
18. Improper search or handcuffing
19. Failure to maintain proficiency with equipment What is Criminal Procedure? - Correct answer Criminal Procedure is the way in which peace officers lawfully do their job to ensure successful prosecution of offenders.

Substantive Law - Correct answer Legislated acts Establishes the acts and mental state necessary to commit a crime Procedural Law - Correct answer Legislated acts Establishes the procedures to be employed in governmental affairs Significance of Criminal procedures - Correct answer Protects the rights of all citizens Enhances the ability to successfully prosecute criminals reduces criminal liability to the officer reduces civil liability to the officer reduces the likelihood of internal discipline Enhances public cooperation in those "Critical times" Sources of criminal procedure - Correct answer Constitutional documents RCW Washington state court rules court ruling from federal and state courts agency policies common law Law enforcement Liability and sanctions - Correct answer No Absolute immunity for officers, only good faith immunity, another officer would have acted the same way in the same situation. Officers can be sued at any time Disciplinary sanctions applicable to officers - Correct answer Criminal liability (being charged with a crime) Civil Liability (Sued) Department Liability (Discipline, demotion, termination) Public Duty Doctrine - Correct answer Officer liability determined by 4 categories

1. Do we have a duty owed?
2. Do we have a duty breached
3. Were actual damages suffered?
4. Was the duty breached the proximate cause for the damages suffered? What events trigger officers getting sued? - Correct answer excessive force bad driving breaking down the wrong door arresting the wrong person arresting without probable cause K9 bites someone harassment

What events trigger agencies to be sued - Correct answer negligent hiring negligent retention failure to train improper training failure to supervise condoning sexual or racial harassment failure to treat employees equally Before acting, always ask if your actions are? - Correct answer Reasonable Legal Ethical Within department policy Constitutional law overview Constitutional structure - Correct answer Constitution made of, the preamble, the articles of incorporation, and the bill of rights Governmental departments and Checks and balances - Correct answer Executive, President, executive and cabinet departments - Enforces Laws, recommends legislation, signs or veto's bills, make treaties, can call special sessions, appoints federal judges Legislative, house and senate - Makes laws, Senate Confirms and ratifies treaties, congress creates agencies, provides funds, can override veto, can impeach president. Judicial, Supreme and lower courts - Interprets laws, can declare laws unconstitutional, can declare executive actions unconstitutional. 1st Amendment - Correct answer 1) Freedom of Religion

2. freedom of speech
3. freedom of the press
4. right to peaceably assemble
5. right to petition the government to redress grievances 2nd Amendment - Correct answer "A well regulated militia being necessary for the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed" 3rd Amendment - Correct answer "No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law" 4th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of people, their houses, papers and effects
6. Warrants will only be issued upon a showing of Probable Cause
7. Probable Cause must be supported by and oath or affirmation

4. The warrant must particularly describe - the places to be searcher - the persons or things to be seized 5th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Charges must be filed by indictment
5. Establishes a prohibition on double jeopardy
6. Prohibits self incrimination in criminal cases
7. No deprivation of life, liberty, or property without your right to appeal
8. No taking of private property without just compensation 6th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Right to a speedy trial (60/90 day rule)
9. Right to an impartial jury
10. Right to trial in the proper venue
11. Right to be informed of the nature of the accusation
12. Right to confront witnesses
13. Right subpoena witness on your behalf
14. Right to the assistance of counsel 7th Amendment - Correct answer Guarantees the right to a civil Jury trial in accordance with common law 8th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Prohibits excessive bail
15. Prohibits excessive fines
16. Prohibits cruel or unusual punishment 9th Amendment - Correct answer The enumeration of rights in the constitution shall not me construed to deny other rights retained by the people. 10th Amendment - Correct answer Powers not delegated to the U.S. by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or their people. 14th Amendment - Correct answer All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the U.S and the state in which they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or Immunities of citizens of the U.S, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protections of law. 4th Amendment vs article 1 section 7 of WA state constitution - Correct answer The Washington state constitution provides far greater protection from search and seizure than is guaranteed by the 4th amendment. Privacy is protected by the WA constitution. Court Definition - Level of proof needed for criminal prosecutions - Correct answer Proof beyond a reasonable doubt Court Definition - Level of proof needed for civil actions - Correct answer Preponderance of the evidence

(less evidence is needed in civil court than in criminal court) Court Definition - Trier of the Law - Correct answer Exclusively the responsibility of the Judge Court Definition - Trier of the fact - Correct answer Depending on the trial this may be the responsibility of the the judge or the jury Court Definition - Jury Trial - Correct answer Trial by your peers Court Definition - Bench Trial - Correct answer The Judge is both the trier of the law and the trier of the fact Court Definition - Appeal of the facts - Correct answer The jury made the wrong decision (This is not permissible in our judicial system) Court Definition - Appeal of the Law - Correct answer The only valid grounds for appeal in our system Federal court structure - U.S. District Court - Correct answer -1 Judge per cause

• Has jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases Federal court structure - U.S. Court of Appeals - Correct answer - 3 Justices per cause
• Hears appeal cases exclusively Federal court structure - U.S. Supreme Court - Correct answer - 9 Justices per cause
• The final Avenue of appeals State court Structure - Municipal Courts - Correct answer - A court of Municipal Jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (only misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors) and civil cases within the municipal boundaries State court Structure - District Court - Correct answer - A court of County Jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (only misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors) and civil cases originating from within the county boundaries State court Structure - Superior Court - Correct answer - court has state-wide jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (felonies) and civil cases
• Hears juvenile cases
• 1 Judge oversees appeals of lower court decisions and administrative hearings
• The court may issue search warrants valid anywhere within the state of WA

State court Structure - State court of appeals - Correct answer - A court for appeals of law

• 3 Justices per cause
• WA state divided into 3 divisions - Div 1, western WA King county and north. - Div 2, western WA Pierce and south. - Div 3, Eastern WA.
• Each Division may reach their independent conclusions on a cause State court Structure - WA State Supreme Court - Correct answer - The final Avenue of an appeal for WA state constitutional issues
• Our court has traditionally used an 'independent grounds" approach to their decisions
• 9 Justices sit in on considerations of appeals generated to the court State court Structure - General info - Correct answer - All State Judges are elected officials
• An adversarial court process is used in the US. (two parties represent their case before an impartial 3rd party) Steps from Arrest to Trial - Correct answer 1) Arrest for Probable Cause, or Arrest made via warrant

2. arraignment
3. Pre-Trial Suppression hearings
4. Commencement of trial
5. The Appeals process Court timeline for an Arrest for Probable Cause - Correct answer 1) Preliminary appearance must be no later than end of next judicial day
6. P.C. Hearing must occur within 48 Hours of Custody
7. Filing of charges must occur within 72 Hours of custody Court timeline for an Arrest made via a Warrant - Correct answer 1) Preliminary appearance must occur no later than the end of the next judicial day
8. P.C. is determined at time of warrant issue, no need for subsequent hearings
9. Filing charges also occurs before the issuance of warrant. Trial Step - Arraignment - Correct answer Common law term for the formal reading of a criminal complaint, and the charges being brought, must occur in the presence of the defendant, the accused is expected to enter a plea in response Must occur within 14 days of filing charges. Trial step - Pre-Trial Suppression Hearings - Correct answer Determines what criminal charges and civil cause of actions will be heard, what evidence will be admitted, and what else needs to happen before a case can proceed. Trial Step - Pre-Trial Suppression Hearings - WA State specific hearings - Correct answer 3.1 Hearing: for deprivation of counsel (Miranda)

3.5 Hearing: deals with confessions and defendant statements 3.6 Hearing: Deals with oral, physical, and identification evidence issues Trial step - Commencement of Trial - Correct answer Defendant has a right to a speedy trial, 60 days if the defendant is in custody, 90 days if the defendant is at large/on release Once the trial begins the following takes place

1. Jury Selection
2. Opening Statements
3. State's Case (Includes direct and cross examination)
4. Defense Case (includes direct and cross examination)
5. Rebuttal Statements
6. Closing Statements
7. Jury Instructions
8. Jury Deliberations What is a criminal investigation? - Correct answer A search for truth, reconstruction of a crime scene in order to locate suspects and gather evidence. Investigation keys to success - Correct answer think plan be patient be thorough be flexible know your limits know your resources persevere What does a successful investigation look like? - Correct answer A successful investigation occurs when you have followed a logical sequence, all evidence has been legally obtained, witnesses have been interviewed, suspects are legally and effectively interrogated, leads are thoroughly developed, and details are accurately and completely reported. Law Enforcement approach to Investigations - Correct answer Evidence does not lie What is Physical Evidence - Correct answer 1) Anything that will challenge or support information
9. Any legally obtained object or material which aids the investigator in reconstructing the offense or identify the offender
10. Proves or disproves stated facts or beliefs
11. Is objective, cannot lie
12. Takes various forms, clothing fibers to houses, to odors

Importance of physical evidence - Correct answer Proves the existence of a crime identifies and places suspects exonerates the innocent corroborates testimony encourages confessions Locard's Law - Correct answer Named after Edmond Locard, founder of 1st forensic lab. "The perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both can be used as forensic evidence" Trace evidence - Correct answer Clothing fibers, skin, hair Evidence vs Information - Correct answer Information aides primarily in locating suspects Evidence aides primarily in convicting suspects Physical evidence is more tangible and therefore better at convincing a jury Characteristics of physical evidence - Correct answer Class characteristics - Identifiers that comprise a group of something. I.E Fibers, paint, blood type, hair, soil Individual characteristics - Are true to only one source of evidence. I.E Fingerprints, Bite marks, handwriting, DNA Physical evidence Requirements - Correct answer All Physical Evidence must meet these four characteristics

1. Legally Obtained
2. Relevant
3. Identifiable (And)
4. A chain of custody must be established (A record of the evidence must be kept from the finding of it to the presentation of it to the jury to prove that it has not been tampered with) Investigative Hypothesis - Correct answer A theory formed after initial contact, must be willing to reassessed as new evidence presents itself. Base it on your actual observations, Who, What, When, Why, Why and How. Reading people - Correct answer Reading people involves observing their behaviors, paying attention to their tone of voice, and actively listening to their words. Crisis Definition - Correct answer a crisis is an emotionally significant event that causes stress, overwhelms someone's usual problem solving skills, and results in chaos.

Can be triggered by a variety of things, from missing the bus to a hurricane, whether or not it is a crisis depends on a persons reaction. Sources of Stress - Correct answer 1) Environmental

2. Psycho-social
3. Personality Types of Stress - Correct answer 1) Acute - immediate, happening right now
4. Chronic - Dealing with the same thing over and over
5. Accumulative - Bills, work and other sources of stress piling on over time
6. Delayed - PTSD, after a traumatic event the stress presents itself. Verbal communication and non-verbal communication - Correct answer Messages have two parts, the actual words and the signals we send along with the words to tell people how the words are meant to be taken. Non-Verbal means of communication - Correct answer Posture Tone of voice Gestures Effective Communication - Definition - Correct answer The ability to select the appropriate means of communication, often under surprising or stressful circumstances Tactical Communication - Definition - Correct answer A planned method (Script) of talking with people. Also a technique for gaining voluntary compliance from difficult people using professional language. Empathy - Definition - Correct answer "The action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to and vicariously experiencing the feelings and thoughts of another. Active listening - Definition - Correct answer A method of listening in which we both understand what is being said and convey to the speaker that we understand them Includes Empathy Paraphrasing probing verbal prompts silence The 3 E's of Traffic Enforcement - Correct answer 1) Education - teaching the Public
7. Engineering - Contributing factors in collisions are determined by investigation, these factors can influence roadway design and traffic control.

3. Enforcement - Motivating motorists to modify their driving behavior and acting as a deterrent to poor driving. Applying these 3 tools can result in reducing the number of collisions, loss of life, and expediting the flow of traffic while assisting the motoring public Ethics in Traffic Law Enforcement - Perception - Correct answer Most citizens 1st contact with Law enforcement is a traffic stop, make a good 1st impression, it will last. Don't abuse the authority you have been given. Ethics in Traffic Law Enforcement - Professionalism - Correct answer As officers you are held to a higher standard of performance. Be professional at all times Ethics in Traffic Law Enforcement - Fairness - Correct answer Use common sense and good judgement to make responsible decisions when enforcing traffic laws. Traffic enforcement is about more than stopping cars and writing citations Source of Officer authority to enforce traffic laws - Correct answer Our authority comes from the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) Traffic Law - Obedience to Police officers, Flagmen, or Fire Fighters - Correct answer RCW 46.61.015 (Misdemeanor) No person shall willfully refuse or fail to comply with any lawful order or direction of any duly authorized flagman, police officer or firefighter invested by law to direct, control or regulate traffic Traffic Law - Refusal to give information to or cooperate with Officer - Correct answer RCW 46.61.020 (Misdemeanor) It is unlawful for any person while operating a vehicle when requested by an officer to -Refuse to give thier name or address -Refuse to give name or address of the owner of the vehicle

• Give a false name and address -Refuse or neglect to stop when properly signaled -Refuse to produce their registration and proof of insurance -refuse to give their drivers license to an officer
• refuse to permit examination of any equipment or weighing of vehicle Traffic Law - Duty to Obey Law Enforcement Officer - Correct answer RCW 46.61.

1. Any person requested or signaled to stop by a law enforcement officer for a traffic infraction has a duty to stop
2. When stopped for a traffic infraction the officer may detain an individual for a reasonable amount of time in order to identify the individual, check their license, insurance, vehicle registration and issue a traffic infraction.

3. Any person requested to identify themselves to a Law enforcement officer pursuant to an investigation for a traffic infraction has a duty to identify themselves. Traffic Law - Failure to obey Officer - Correct answer RCW 46.61.022 (Misdemeanor) Any person who willfully fails to stop when requested or signaled to do so by a person reasonably identifiable as law enforcement or to comply with RCW 46.61.021 is guilty of a misdemeanor. Traffic Law - Attempting to elude pursuing police vehicle - Correct answer RCW 46.61.024 (Class C Felony) -Any driver of a motor vehicle who willfully fails or refuses to immediately stop -Who drives in a manner indicating a wanton or willful disregard for the lives or property of others while attempting to elude a police vehicle -After the officer has signaled the vehicle to stop by hand, voice, lights or sirens -Officer in uniform -Police vehicles shall be equipped with lights and sirens Purpose of Patrol Procedures - Correct answer The purpose of Patrol Procedures is to learn and develop principles used for patrol work, to maximize your effectiveness, and to minimize the associated risks with patrol 5 Primary objectives of patrol - Correct answer 1) Protect and serve
4. Crime Prevention
5. Preserve the peace
6. Enforce all laws
7. Arrest 4 C's of call response - Correct answer Communicate, Coordinate, Command and Control The 7 fatal tendencies - Correct answer 1) Unbalanced Pr / Service orientation 2)Use less force than peers
8. Use force later than peers
9. Shortcuts rules and procedures
10. Acts without backup
11. Relies too heavily on "reading" people
12. Drops guard when good is perceived Ten deadly errors - Correct answer 1) Failure to watch hands
13. Apathy towards suspect
14. lack of rest
15. Tombstone courage (Acting alone)
16. Preoccupation
17. Missing danger signs
18. Taking a bad position

8. Relaxing too soon
9. Improper search or handcuffing
10. Failure to maintain proficiency with equipment What is Criminal Procedure? - Correct answer Criminal Procedure is the way in which peace officers lawfully do their job to ensure successful prosecution of offenders. Substantive Law - Correct answer Legislated acts Establishes the acts and mental state necessary to commit a crime Procedural Law - Correct answer Legislated acts Establishes the procedures to be employed in governmental affairs Significance of Criminal procedures - Correct answer Protects the rights of all citizens Enhances the ability to successfully prosecute criminals reduces criminal liability to the officer reduces civil liability to the officer reduces the likelihood of internal discipline Enhances public cooperation in those "Critical times" Sources of criminal procedure - Correct answer Constitutional documents RCW Washington state court rules court ruling from federal and state courts agency policies common law Law enforcement Liability and sanctions - Correct answer No Absolute immunity for officers, only good faith immunity, another officer would have acted the same way in the same situation. Officers can be sued at any time Disciplinary sanctions applicable to officers - Correct answer Criminal liability (being charged with a crime) Civil Liability (Sued) Department Liability (Discipline, demotion, termination) Public Duty Doctrine - Correct answer Officer liability determined by 4 categories
11. Do we have a duty owed?
12. Do we have a duty breached
13. Were actual damages suffered?
14. Was the duty breached the proximate cause for the damages suffered? What events trigger officers getting sued? - Correct answer excessive force bad driving

breaking down the wrong door arresting the wrong person arresting without probable cause K9 bites someone harassment What events trigger agencies to be sued - Correct answer negligent hiring negligent retention failure to train improper training failure to supervise condoning sexual or racial harassment failure to treat employees equally Before acting, always ask if your actions are? - Correct answer Reasonable Legal Ethical Within department policy Constitutional law overview Constitutional structure - Correct answer Constitution made of, the preamble, the articles of incorporation, and the bill of rights Governmental departments and Checks and balances - Correct answer Executive, President, executive and cabinet departments - Enforces Laws, recommends legislation, signs or veto's bills, make treaties, can call special sessions, appoints federal judges Legislative, house and senate - Makes laws, Senate Confirms and ratifies treaties, congress creates agencies, provides funds, can override veto, can impeach president. Judicial, Supreme and lower courts - Interprets laws, can declare laws unconstitutional, can declare executive actions unconstitutional. 1st Amendment - Correct answer 1) Freedom of Religion

2. freedom of speech
3. freedom of the press
4. right to peaceably assemble
5. right to petition the government to redress grievances 2nd Amendment - Correct answer "A well regulated militia being necessary for the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed"

3rd Amendment - Correct answer "No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law" 4th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures of people, their houses, papers and effects

2. Warrants will only be issued upon a showing of Probable Cause
3. Probable Cause must be supported by and oath or affirmation
4. The warrant must particularly describe - the places to be searcher - the persons or things to be seized 5th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Charges must be filed by indictment
5. Establishes a prohibition on double jeopardy
6. Prohibits self incrimination in criminal cases
7. No deprivation of life, liberty, or property without your right to appeal
8. No taking of private property without just compensation 6th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Right to a speedy trial (60/90 day rule)
9. Right to an impartial jury
10. Right to trial in the proper venue
11. Right to be informed of the nature of the accusation
12. Right to confront witnesses
13. Right subpoena witness on your behalf
14. Right to the assistance of counsel 7th Amendment - Correct answer Guarantees the right to a civil Jury trial in accordance with common law 8th Amendment - Correct answer 1) Prohibits excessive bail
15. Prohibits excessive fines
16. Prohibits cruel or unusual punishment 9th Amendment - Correct answer The enumeration of rights in the constitution shall not me construed to deny other rights retained by the people. 10th Amendment - Correct answer Powers not delegated to the U.S. by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or their people. 14th Amendment - Correct answer All persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the U.S and the state in which they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or Immunities of citizens of the U.S, nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protections of law.

4th Amendment vs article 1 section 7 of WA state constitution - Correct answer The Washington state constitution provides far greater protection from search and seizure than is guaranteed by the 4th amendment. Privacy is protected by the WA constitution. Court Definition - Level of proof needed for criminal prosecutions - Correct answer Proof beyond a reasonable doubt Court Definition - Level of proof needed for civil actions - Correct answer Preponderance of the evidence (less evidence is needed in civil court than in criminal court) Court Definition - Trier of the Law - Correct answer Exclusively the responsibility of the Judge Court Definition - Trier of the fact - Correct answer Depending on the trial this may be the responsibility of the the judge or the jury Court Definition - Jury Trial - Correct answer Trial by your peers Court Definition - Bench Trial - Correct answer The Judge is both the trier of the law and the trier of the fact Court Definition - Appeal of the facts - Correct answer The jury made the wrong decision (This is not permissible in our judicial system) Court Definition - Appeal of the Law - Correct answer The only valid grounds for appeal in our system Federal court structure - U.S. District Court - Correct answer -1 Judge per cause

• Has jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases Federal court structure - U.S. Court of Appeals - Correct answer - 3 Justices per cause
• Hears appeal cases exclusively Federal court structure - U.S. Supreme Court - Correct answer - 9 Justices per cause
• The final Avenue of appeals State court Structure - Municipal Courts - Correct answer - A court of Municipal Jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (only misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors) and civil cases within the municipal boundaries State court Structure - District Court - Correct answer - A court of County Jurisdiction
• 1 Judge oversees criminal (only misdemeanors and gross misdemeanors) and civil cases originating from within the county boundaries