Blood Vessel and Blood Cell Characteristics, Exams of Nursing

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CLS FINAL EXAM | CONTAINS VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES| UPDATED 2024 | VERIFIED AND GUARANTEED PASS All of the following are true of blood vessels EXCEPT: a) Arteries are thick-walled, the strongest type of blood vessel b) Veins carry deoxygenated blood c) There are about 10,000 miles of blood vessels in an adult d) Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels - CORRECT ANSWER C In cardiopulmonary circulation: a) blood is carried from the heart to the tissues b) blood circulates from the heart to the lungs to the tissues c) blood circulates from the heart to the lungs where O2 is picked up by the blood and CO2 is released d) blood is carried from the heart to the tissues and back to the heart, providing O2 to the tissues - CORRECT ANSWER C All of the following statements are true of blood EXCEPT: a) it makes up 10%-15% of total body weight b) adult blood volume is approximately 5 liters c) it is composed of formed elements suspended in a fluid called plasma d) about 50%-60% of blood volume is plasma - CORRECT ANSWER A "Thick-walled, elastic, and muscular" describes which type of blood vessel? a) capillaries b) arteries c) veins d) venules - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following are true of hemacytometer and cover glass EXCEPT: a) They must meet National Institute of Standards and Technolody (NIST) standards. b) If a certified hemacytometer is used, any cover glass can be used. c) They must be disinfected after use. d) They should be gently washed and dried to avoid scratches - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following functions is carried out by blood? a) It delivers nutrients and CO2 to the tissues b) It regulates body temperature c) It delivers O2 to the lungs and tissures. d) None of the above e) All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B Which of the following statements is true of the hemacytometer? a) When viewed from the top, it has two polished raised platforms b) The depressions surrounding the platforms are called ditches c) The depressions surrounding the platforms form the letter I d) All of the above E) None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER A Which of the following statements is true of hemacytometers? a) the cover glass covers one side at a time b) the cover glass regulates the depth of the fluid b) smears from anticoagulated venous blood should be made within 2 hours of blood collection c) smears should have a feathered edge d) capillary blood is preferred over venous blood - CORRECT ANSWER a When preparing slides by the two-slide method, which is true? a) a large drop of blood makes the best smear b) the spreader slide can be used to prepare several smears. c) the smear should cover one-half to three-fourths of the slide d) smears with holes and ridges are acceptable - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is true regarding the preparation and staining of a blood smear? a) smears must be stained immediately b) smears can be immersed in methanol and stained later c) smears can be preserved by immersing in ethanol d) Wright's stain contains no preservative - CORRECT ANSWER b All of the following are formed elements found in normal blood EXCEPT: a) RBCs (erythrocytes) b) WBCs (leukocytes) c) megakaryocytes d) platelets - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following cellular features are examined to identify a cell? a) relative cell size b) nuclear characteristics c) cytoplasmic characteristics d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER d Which of the following is true regarding identification of WBCs? a) the size can be estimated by comparing them to epithelial cells b) abnormal cells are easy to identify c) most normal WBCs can be easily identified d) the shape of the nuclei is not considered - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is true of RBCs? a) they are biconcave disks b) in the peripheral blood, they have a nucleus c) they are about 2-3 um in diameter d) mature cells take up the basophilic stain - CORRECT ANSWER a All of the following are true of RBCs EXCEPT: a) their color is due to hemoglobin b) normal mature RBCs stain pink-tan c) the central area stains darker than the edge d) their diameter is 6-8 micrometers - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is not a reference range for differential count on an adult? a) 25%-40% lymphocytes b) 3%-9% neutrophils c) 0%-7% bands d) 1%-3% eosinophils - CORRECT ANSWER b In the WBC differential count: a) an average of 7-20 platelets/oil immersion field is considered normal b) a 1 month old infant will have 45%-50% neutrophils c) 45%-50% neutrophils is normal for an adult d) 7%-13% bands is normal for an adult - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following statements about the WBC differential count is not correct? a) viral infections usually cause increased lymphocytes and increased total WBCs b) neutrophils and bands can be inreased in bacterial infections c) infectious mono causes increased total WBCs - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following is true? a) lymphocytes often have vacuoles in their cytoplasm b) lymphocytes are derived from a common perfursor called the promyelocyte c) lymphocytes are produced in the bond marrow and other lymphoid tissue d) monocytes are involved in the immune response by producing antibodies - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is not correct concerning the normal WBC differential count? a) neutrophils and lymphocytes compromise 85%-95% of cells b) eosinophils make up 3%-9% of the cells c) monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils make up 5%-15% of the cells d) blood from a 1 month old infant can have 40%-70% lymphocytes - CORRECT ANSWER b An immature blood cell normally found only in the bone marrow is a(an): a) keratocyte b) blast cell c) codocyte d) elliptocyte A chemical that prevents deterioration of cells and tissues is a(n) _____________ - CORRECT ANSWER Preservative Eosin is a(n) __________ stain - CORRECT ANSWER red/orange stain A(n) _____________ is an immature granulocyte with a nonsegmented nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER band An eosinophil is a leukocyte containing esoinophilic granules in the ________ - CORRECT ANSWER cytoplasm The large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived is called a(n) ________ - CORRECT ANSWER megakaryocyte A clear, membrane-bound compartment in cell cytoplasm is called a(n) ________ - CORRECT ANSWER vacuole A determination of the relative numbers of each type of leukocyte in a stained blood smear is called the _________ - CORRECT ANSWER differential The ingestion of a foreign particle or cell by another cell is called _________ - CORRECT ANSWER phagocytosis Leukocyte containing granules - CORRECT ANSWER granulocyte Process of blood cell formation - CORRECT ANSWER hemopoiesis involving unrestrained growth of leukocytes - CORRECT ANSWER leukemia blood vessel that carries blood from the tissues to the heart - CORRECT ANSWER vein Formed element that plays an important role in blood coagulation - CORRECT ANSWER platelet undifferentiated bone marrow cell that gives rise to blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER hemopoietic stem cell Form of hemoglobin that binds and transports oxygen - CORRECT ANSWER oxyhemoglobin blood cell that transports O2 to tissues and CO2 to the lungs - CORRECT ANSWER erythrocyte source of platelets - CORRECT ANSWER megakaryocyte General formula to calculate a manual count - CORRECT ANSWER (ave count)(dilution factor)(depth factor)/area RBC x 3 = ? - CORRECT ANSWER hemoglobin Hemoglobin x 3 = ? - CORRECT ANSWER Hematocrit The process of stopping the loss of blood from the blood vessels: a) is an uncomplicated process b) involves interrelated and interdependent systems c) is called fibrinolysis d) is independent of any action by the vessels - CORRECT ANSWER b All of the following are true of platelets EXCEPT: a) circulating platelets have a round disklike shape b) contact with collagen initiates a shape change c) a platelet plug forms in seconds to stop bleeding in a small wound d) platelet aggregation requires only that spiny pseudopods are present on the platelets - CORRECT ANSWER d Which of the following is initiated by damage to a blood vessel? a) vasoconstriction b) coagulation c) fibrinolysis d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER d All of the following are true of the coagulation factors EXCEPT: a) they are numbered in the order they were discovered b) VIII:C is called the antihemophilic factor (AHF) c) they are produced in the liver and circulate in the activated form d) the mineral calcium was formerly named factor IV - CORRECT ANSWER c Which of the following is not true of the PT test? a) coagulation screening test b) measures intrinsic pathway c) monitors oral anticoagulant therapy d) reference value of 11-13 seconds - CORRECT ANSWER b Which of the following will have no effect on the prothrombin time? a) severe vitamin K deficiency b) liver disease d) the discovery of BSE in the 1980s dramatically changed blood donor policy - CORRECT ANSWER a The operation of blood banks is ultimately regulated by the: a) American Associtation of Blood Banks (AABB) b) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) c) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b Typical testing performed in immunohematology labortories includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) routine blood typing b) evaluation of suitable blood donors c) providing compatible blood for transfusion d) hemoglobin and hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER d The components easily obtained from 1 unit of donated blood include all of the following EXCEPT: a) red blood cells b) platelet concentrate c) leukocyte concentrate d) fresh frozen plasma - CORRECT ANSWER c In blood banking: a) ABO is the major blood group b) artificial blood is now in common use c) Rh is of only minor importance d) most blood bank reagents come from nonhuman sources - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following is true of group AB blood? a) has no anti-A or anti-B in serum b) has both anti-A and anti-B in the serum c) persent in 48% of population d) is the "universal donor" - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following is not true of ABO grouping? a) reverse grouping involves mixing serum or plasma with known commercial blood cells b) ABO antibodies are of the IgG class c) there is no anti-O antibody d) newborns have antigens on the blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER b All of the following are methods of naming Rh antigens EXCEPT: a) Rosenfield b) Landsteiner c) Fisher-Race d) Weiner - CORRECT ANSWER b To prevent HDN due to RhD, the mother should be given: a) D antigen b) D positive blood c) anti-D d) D negative blood - CORRECT ANSWER c In the Rh tube typing test: a) agglutination is a negative result b) agglutination should be graded c) forward typing is not done d) reverse typing must be performed - CORRECT ANSWER b Which is correct concerning the RhD antigen? a) it is present on all body cells b) it can be detected by slide, tube, or gel methods c) it is present in 95% of the U.S. population d) it was discovered in 1840 - CORRECT ANSWER b A problem of slide typing that is not present in tube typing is: a) contaminated antisera b) dried cell mixture mistaken for agglutination c) correct identification of patient specimen d) difficulty in interpreting results - CORRECT ANSWER b The tube carrying urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the: a) urethra b) renal tubule c) ureter d) loop or Henle - CORRECT ANSWER c The concave region of the kidney where lymphatic vessels, blood vessels, and nerves enter or exit is the: a) cortex b) renal pelvis c) renal hilius b) the culture must be set up before the routine urinalysis is done c) the container need not be sterile d) the urine can be left on the lab bench 2-4 hours before culture e) none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER e Which of the following is true of urines collected for drug screening? a) a credit cared can be used for identification b) the urine is collected in the usual urine container c) the patient must sign a consent form d) the specimen is placed with other reference laboratory samples for pickup - CORRECT ANSWER c If a urine cannot be tested within 1 hour of the collection time, it should be: a) refrigerated overnight b) frozen to preserve c) refrigerated at 4-6 degrees Fahrenheit for up to 4 hours d) discarded - CORRECT ANSWER c In the physical examination of urine, all of the following are true EXCEPT: a) the color is recorded b) the pH is measured c) transparency is noted d) specific gravity is measured - CORRECT ANSWER b The presence of RBCs, hemoglobin, or myoglobin in urine causes the color to be: a) yellow-orange b) green-brown c) red or red-brown d) wine red - CORRECT ANSWER c Urine specific gravity: a) is unaffected by fluid intake b) is usually highest in the evening c) has a reference range of 1.005-1.030 d) does not vary from day to day - CORRECT ANSWER c When tested with a urine reagent strip, a normal urine has a: a) trace of glucose b) positive esterase reaction c) positive nitrite d) negative or trace protein - CORRECT ANSWER d Which is the correct procedure to follow when performing chemical examination of urine by reagent strip? a) test the specimen before it is centrifuged b) test only the centrifuged specimen c) the specimen should be at 4 degrees Celsius for testing d) the results can be read at any time - CORRECT ANSWER a Which of the following tests, when positive, is an indicator of early renal disease? a) leukocyte b) ketones c) urobilinogen d) microalbumin - CORRECT ANSWER d Which of the following is true of casts? a) normal urine can have a few WBC casts b) waxy casts are due to strenuous exercise c) an occasional hyaline cast is normal d) an occasional epithelial cast is normal - CORRECT ANSWER c The mineral involved in the hemostasis pathway is ________ - CORRECT ANSWER calcium The vitamin-K-dependent factors are manufactured in the _______ - CORRECT ANSWER liver Platelets undergo a shape change when they come into contact with exposed ________ - CORRECT ANSWER collagen The action of blood vessels constricting to slow the flow of blood is called _______ - CORRECT ANSWER vasoconstriction The normal reference value for the prothrombin time in seconds is ______ - CORRECT ANSWER 11-13 seconds The three ways in which the prothrombin time can be reported are in seconds, as the PT ratio, and as the _____ - CORRECT ANSWER INR Coumadin is an anticoagulant derived from ________ - CORRECT ANSWER warfrain The venipuncture for prothrombin time must be performed with minimal trauma to prevent the release of tissue ________ - CORRECT ANSWER tissue thromboplastin If a urine cannot be examined within 1 hour of collection, it can be refrigerated at 4 degrees Celsius for up to ______ hours - CORRECT ANSWER 4 If white blood cells are present in the urine, the leukocyte pad on the reagent strip should be __________ - CORRECT ANSWER changed in color (brownish) Tissue thromboplastin - CORRECT ANSWER traumatic venipucture Moving wire probes - CORRECT ANSWER FibroSystem INR - CORRECT ANSWER ISI Xa - CORRECT ANSWER Enzyme Coumadin - CORRECT ANSWER warfarin POCT - CORRECT ANSWER near-patient testing Named the prothombin time test - CORRECT ANSWER Quick's Tests the extrinsic coagulation pathway - CORRECT ANSWER Protime bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER primary lymphoid tissue uses enzyme-labeled antibody - CORRECT ANSWER EIA produced from the T cells - CORRECT ANSWER monoclonal antibody insoluble antigen-antibody complex - CORRECT ANSWER precipitation lymph nodes and spleen - CORRECT ANSWER secondary lymphoid tissue clumping of particles - CORRECT ANSWER agglutination autoimmune diease - CORRECT ANSWER LE Stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER erythropoietin blood from the patient's vein is slowly passed through a dialyzer - CORRECT ANSWER hemodialysis artificial kidney - CORRECT ANSWER dialyzer patient's abdomen is filled with dialysate - CORRECT ANSWER peritoneal dialysis indirectly influences blood pressure - CORRECT ANSWER renin structural and functional unit of the kidney - CORRECT ANSWER nephron recieves the glomerular filtrate - CORRECT ANSWER Bowman's capsule output of an abnormally large volume of urine - CORRECT ANSWER diuresis in kidney dialysis, a solution used to draw waste products and excess fluid from the body - CORRECT ANSWER dialysate instrument for measuring the refractive index of a substance - CORRECT ANSWER refractometer white precipitate - CORRECT ANSWER turbid presence of blood in urine - CORRECT ANSWER hematuria having a milky iridescence - CORRECT ANSWER opalescent yellow pigment that gives urine its color - CORRECT ANSWER urochrome pH above 7.0 - CORRECT ANSWER alkaline urine Escherichia coli - CORRECT ANSWER positive nitrate test confirmatory test for bilirubin - CORRECT ANSWER ictotest