BMS 300 Exam 1: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Exams of United States Philosophy

Download BMS 300 Exam 1: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and more Exams United States Philosophy in PDF only on Docsity! Page 1 BMS 300 Exam 1 Colorado State with Verified Answers.  Electric Dipole Moment - Correct answer Neutral molecule with uneven charge distributions (partial charges) e.g. H2O  Diffusion - Correct answer Movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentrations e.g. Volatile Perfume distributing through the air  Osmosis - Correct answer Diffusion of WATER through a membrane e.g. Aquaporin’s (biological proteins)  Hydrophobicity - Correct answer "Water Loving" e.g. charged ions that interact with the Electric Dipole Moment in water. (Soluble)  Hydrophobicity - Correct answer "Water Fearing" e.g. molecules with equal distribution of charge such as Triglycerides (Insoluble)  Amphipathicity - Correct answer Both Water "Fearing and Loving" e.g. Phospholipids in water  Glycerol - Correct answer 3 Carbon Alcohol (OH)  Triglycerides - Correct answer 3 Fatty Acid Chains on Glycerol formed by Ester Bonds  Ester Bond - Correct answer Created from Dehydration Synthesis to make a C- O-C bond in Triglycerides (Leaves behind a Water Molecule)  Dehydration Synthesis - Correct answer Carboxylic end of Fatty Acid Chain attaches to Glycerol to create an Ester Bond and Water Molecule  Fatty Acids - Correct answer Saturated-Single bond  Unsaturated-Double bond  Phospholipid - Correct answer Remove a fatty acid chain and add a charged phosphate head group to make it Amphipathic  Micelle - Correct answer Single layer of UNSTABLE phospholipids (Due to Dipole Moment)  Phospholipid Bi-layer - Correct answer STABLE formation of Phospholipids  Trans membrane Protein - Correct answer Provide pathways across the Phospholipid Bi-layer Page 1 of 7 Page 2  Amino Acid - Correct answer Molecule with Amine (NH2), Carboxylic (COOH), and an R group (20 varieties)  Protein - Correct answer Polymers of Amino Acids  Peptide Bonds - Correct answer Connecting N-terminus and C-terminus of Amino Acid through Dehydration synthesis to create C-N bond  Primary Structure - Correct answer Determined by Peptide Bonds and the Amino Acid Sequence  Secondary Structure - Correct answer Hydrogen Bonding of the two terminals can create Alpha Helices and Beta Pleated Sheets  Alpha Helix - Correct answer Hydrogen bonding with backbone of molecule  Beta Pleated Sheets - Correct answer Hydrogen bonding between adjacent amino acids  Tertiary Structure - Correct answer Orientation of the R-groups makes 3D shape based on interactions with water (Will create the lowest thermodynamic state)  RNA - Correct answer Ribonucleic Acid that is always synthesized in the nucleus as mRNA, Tran, or reran. Each performs different functions  MRNA - Correct answer Carries genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in order to make proteins  Reran - Correct answer Directs translation of mRNA into proteins  Tran - Correct answer Transfers amino acids to respective codon of reran to make proteins  Hydrophilic Pathway Channels - Correct answer made of at least 4 alpha Helices to allow certain molecules to pass through the membrane.  Central Dogma - Correct answer DNA provides a template for RNA to translate into protein  Histone - Correct answer DNA binding protein to allow chromosomes to tightly wrap like a spool.  Nuclear Pore - Correct answer Regulates Access to the cytoplasm Page 2 of 7 Page 5  SRP - Correct answer Signal Recognition Protein attaches to hydrophobic series of amino acids  Tissue - Correct answer Group of similar cells performing a similar function. Epithelium, Muscle, Nerve, Connective  Epithelium - Correct answer Sheet of cells that form lining that is continuous to the outside world  Basal Lamina - Correct answer bottom side of the epithelium (Apical is top side)  Stratified Epithelium - Correct answer Epidermis, multi-layered epithelial cells  Integrin - Correct answer Tran’s membrane protein that binds to extracellular proteins  Hemi desmosome - Correct answer Anchors E cells to Basal Lamina  Desmosome - Correct answer Symmetrical and holds the adjacent cells together  Keratin - Correct answer Fibrous protein found in Epithelial Cells  Cadherin - Correct answer a joining protein which spans the gap between Occluding junction, and desmosome junction  Occluding Junction - Correct answer Block/dam spaces in between the epithelial cells  Communicating Junction (Gap) - Correct answer provides a bridge between cells made out of proteins called cinnamons. Formed with six in a circle, R groups face inward, Hydrophobic outside  Glandular Epithelium - Correct answer Duct of cells in the layers of epithelial cells  Carcinomas - Correct answer cancerous epithelial cells  Connective tissue proper - Correct answer made of Fibrocystic, which secrete extracellular matrix. E.g. Tendons, ligaments, Dermis.  Cartilage - Correct answer consists of Fibro, elastic, and hyaline cartilage. They are proteins created by Chondrocytes  Bone - Correct answer Mineralized as Calcium phosphate with extracellular Collagen. Created by osteocytes.  Blood - Correct answer Hematopoietic stem cell embedded in protein matrix Page 5 of 7 Page 6  Melanocytes - Correct answer Cells that secrete pigment that is absorbed by keratinocytes. The melanin is determined by UV light  Organ - Correct answer two or more tissue types working in concert  Bone - Correct answer  Long bone growth - Correct answer Occurs at interface between epiphysis and diaphysis  Growth Plate - Correct answer made of chondrocytes, which cells push away and will eventually die and be replaced by Osteocytes  Osteoclast - Correct answer Bone breaker with a low pH will remove bone stimulated by Parathyroid hormone. Releases Ca2+ from the bone.  Osteocyte - Correct answer reconstructing Bones  Endocrine System - Correct answer Cells that send chemical signals that other cells respond to  Autocuing - Correct answer "Self" Releasing/Secreting hormones/chemicals to itself  Paracrine - Correct answer "Near" secretes Hormones so a nearby cell can take it with receptors  True Endocrine Response - Correct answer "Far" Secretes Hormones that will pass through endothelium of blood vessels and travel to distant sites in the body  Hormones - Correct answer Modified proteins and peptides (Hydrophilic), Modified Cholesterol (Steroid/hydrophobic), Modified Amino Acids (Tyrosine Growth factor), Modified Fatty Acids (Prostaglandins)  Hormone-Receptor Interaction - Correct answer Based on the Dissociation constant, determines the likelihood that a receptor will bind to the hormone. Specificity (Choosy) and Affinity (Stickiness) also play a role  Dissociation Constant - Correct answer Kid- concentration at which half of receptors are bound.  G-Protein Coupled Receptor - Correct answer 7-pass Trans membrane proteins that binds to GDP binding protein. Binds to the hormone with a receptor end on N-terminus. Page 6 of 7 Page 7  GDP binding protein - Correct answer Composed of Alpha, Beta, Gamma. When a signal is present it will change to GTP and alpha will be cleaved off.  Adenylyl Cyclize - Correct answer will activate the GTP attached to alpha. Converts ATP to cyclic AMP (Camp)  Camp - Correct answer Activates protein kinase A (PKA)  Kinase - Correct answer Enzyme that covalently attaches PO4- to Amino Acids  Hormone Functions - Correct answer 1) effect exon/endocytosis  2) Alter enzyme activity  3) Alter ion channel activity  4) Alter gene expression/Protein synthesis  Dactyl glycerol - Correct answer Activates protein Kinase  Hydrophobic Hormones - Correct answer Steroid Hormones based on cholesterol. Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol, Vitamin D  Carrier Protein - Correct answer loosely bound to steroid hormones and is soluble in plasma, allows hormone to go through the membrane.  Hormone Binding Domain - Correct answer Specific for the steroid hormone  Nuclear Binding Access Domain - Correct answer binds to nucleus  DNA Binding Domain - Correct answer binds to DNA  Transactivation Domain - Correct answer Initiates Transcription  Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis - Correct answer made of the hypothalamus, Posterior/Anterior Pituitary  Portal Vasculature - Correct answer Between the Hypothalamus and Ant. Pituitary  Systemic Vasculature - Correct answer Between Ant. Pituitary and Target Gland Page 7 of 7