BMSP2135 chapter 12 Questions With Answers Tested And Verified Exam Solutions RATED A+, Exams of Biology

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BMSP2135 chapter 12 Questions With

Answers Tested And Verified Exam

Solutions RATED A+

True / False Questions

1. The nervous system employs exclusively electrical means to send messages, whereas the endocrine system communicates by means of chemical messengers. True False
2. Most neurons have multiple dendrites. True False
3. Neurons move material away from the soma by retrograde transport. True False
4. Unipolar neurons have only a single process leading away from the soma. True False
5. Oligodendrocytes serve the same purpose in the CNS that satellite cells do in the PNS. True False
6. Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS. True False
7. In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia. True False
8. An action potential never occurs in dendrites. True False
9. When a neuron is stimulated, Na+^ gates open and allow Na+^ to exit the cell. True False

10. In a myelinated fiber only the initial segment in the trigger zone have voltage- regulated channels. True False
11. Norepinephrine is a monoamine. True False
12. Acetylcholine triggers the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP only in neurons of the PNS. True False
13. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neuromodulator by altering synaptic function. True False
14. Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP. True False
15. Memories are formed by neural pathways of modified synapses. True False

Multiple Choice Questions

16. division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. A. Visceral sensory B. Somatic sensory C. Visceral motor D. Somatic motor E. Afferent

17. The division tends to prepare the body for action. A. sensory afferent B. motor afferent C. somatic motor D. parasympathetic E. sympathetic
18. are examples of effectors of the nervous system. A. Receptors B. Stimuli C. Reflexes D. Glands E. Sense organs
19. The autonomic nervous system is also called the A. visceral sensory division. B. somatic sensory division. C. visceral motor division. D. somatic motor division. E. central nervous system.
20. Nerves are of the nervous system. A. organs B. tissues C. organ systems D. organelles E. cells

21. Some neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system. A. efferent; afferent B. afferent; efferent C. motor; sensory D. efferent; association E. afferent; association
22. About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are neurons. A. sensory B. motor C. afferent D. efferent E. association
23. neurons are the most common type of neurons. A. Multipolar B. Bipolar C. Unipolar D. Anaxonic E. Dendritic
24. Nerve fiber refers to A. a nerve cell. B. an organelle in nerve cells. C. an organ. D. an axon. E. a bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells.

25. Most metabolic and regulatory functions in a neuron happen at the A. axon. B. soma. C. dendrites. D. axon hillock. E. Schwann cell.
26. This image shows a representative neuron. What does "5" represent? A. synaptic knobs B. Schwann cells C. trigger zone D. node of Ranvier E. axon collateral

27. This image shows a representative neuron. What does "1" represent? A. synaptic knobs B. axons C. dendrites D. interneurons E. axon collaterals
28. are the primary site for receiving signals from other neurons. A. Synaptic knobs B. Axons C. Axon collaterals D. Somas E. Dendrites
29. form myelin in the spinal cord. A. Schwann cells B. Astrocytes C. Satellite cells D. Oligodendrocytes E. Microglia
30. Most of the myelin sheath is composed of A. lipids. B. carbohydrates. C. glycoproteins. D. proteins. E. polysaccharides.
31. The myelin sheath is formed by A. fibers. B. cells. C. macromolecules. D. polymers. E. organelles.

32. Conduction speed of a nerve fiber would be the fastest in a A. large myelinated fiber. B. small myelinated fiber. C. large unmyelinated fiber. D. small unmyelinated fiber. E. small fiber with multiple Schwann cells.
33. In order for a peripheral nerve fiber to regenerate it must have A. all dendrites intact. B. at least half the length of the fiber intact. C. at least the entire axon and neurilemma intact. D. the soma and at least some neurilemma intact. E. at least part of the soma intact.
34. has the greatest influence on the resting membrane potential. A. Sodium B. Chloride C. Calcium D. Phosphate E. Potassium
35. Most local potentials happen at the A. dendrites. B. somas. C. axon hillock. D. trigger zone. E. Schwann cells.
36. Opening of sodium gates typically leads to A. repolarization of the plasma membrane. B. hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane. C. depolarization of the plasma membrane. D. drifting of plasma membrane voltage toward a more negative value. E. plasma membrane voltage returning to the resting membrane potential.

37. Which of the following will cause the plasma membrane to hyperpolarize when at its RMP? A. inflow of sodium B. inflow of potassium C. inflow of calcium D. inflow of chloride E. outflow of chloride
38. Local potentials are , meaning they vary in magnitude according to the strength of the stimulus. A. graded B. reversible C. decremental D. excitatory E. inhibitory
39. An inhibitory local potential A. depolarizes the plasma membrane. B. hyperpolarizes the plasma membrane. C. repolarizes the plasma membrane. D. neutralizes the plasma membrane. E. drifts the membrane potential towards the resting membrane potential.
40. While the membrane is depolarizing its A. chloride gates are partially open. B. chloride gates are fully open. C. potassium gates are fully open. D. sodium gates are partially open. E. sodium gates are fully open.

41. This image shows an action potential. What does "1" represent? A. a rising local potential B. a critical voltage called threshold C. hyperpolarization of the membrane D. repolarization of the membrane E. resting membrane potential
42. This image shows an action potential. What does "6" represent? A. a critical voltage called threshold B. hyperpolarization of the membrane C. depolarization of the membrane D. repolarization of the membrane E. resting membrane potential
43. Local potentials are , whereas action potentials are. A. irreversible; reversible B. self-propagating; local C. graded; all or none D. nondecremental; decremental E. produced by voltage-regulated channels; produced by gated channels

44. During hyperpolarization (or afterpotential) A. sodium ions are entering the cells. B. sodium ions are leaving the cell. C. potassium ions are entering the cell. D. potassium ions are leaving the cell. E. both sodium and potassium ions are leaving the cell.
45. When the voltage of a plasma membrane shifts from +35mV towards 0 mV, we say the cell is A. depolarizing. B. repolarizing. C. hyperpolarizing. D. reaching the threshold. E. exiting the threshold.
46. During the absolute refractory period A. if a neuron reaches threshold, the action potential goes to completion. B. the neuron fires at its maximum voltage if a stimulus depolarizes the neuron to threshold. C. the signal grows weaker with distance. D. it is possible to trigger a new action potential, but only with an unusually strong stimulus. E. no stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.
47. A traveling wave of excitation is what we know as A. a local potential. B. a graded potential. C. an action potential. D. a nerve signal. E. a depolarizing signal.

48. What would be the best explanation for why myelinated fibers conduct signals faster than unmyelinated fibers? A. There are no internodes in unmyelinated fibers. B. There are more internodes in unmyelinated fibers. C. Facilitated diffusion of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers. D. Active transport of sodium and potassium is faster in myelinated fibers. E. Diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster. 49. All of the following are typical characteristics of neurotransmitters except A. they are synthesized by a presynaptic neuron. B. they are released in response to stimulation. C. they are released into the bloodstream before reaching the postsynaptic cell. D. they bind to specific receptors on the postsynaptic cell. E. they alter the physiology of the postsynaptic cell.
49. A cholinergic synapse employs as its neurotransmitter. A. monoamine B. acetylcholine C. epinephrine D. norepinephrine E. catecholamine
50. binds to ligand-regulated gates, and is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. A. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) B. Noradrenaline C. Epinephrine D. Acetylcholine E. Norepinephrine

52. Which of these happens first in an cholinergic synaptic transmission? A. acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft B. postsynaptic potential is produced C. sodium enters the postsynaptic cell D. synaptic vesicles release acetylcholine E. acetylcholine binds to ligand-regulated gates
53. Which of these happens first in an adrenergic synaptic transmission? A. ATP is converted to cyclic AMP B. adenylate cyclase is activated C. G protein dissociates from the NE receptor D. G protein binds to adenylate cyclase E. cyclic AMP induces several effects in the cell
54. Some antidepressant drugs act by inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO), which is an enzyme A. that binds to chloride gates. B. that breaks down monoamines. C. that blocks sodium channels. D. that converts ATP to cyclic AMP. E. that degrades acetylcholine. 55. All of these contribute to the cessation of the signal in a synaptic transmission except A. synaptic vesicles secrete neurotransmitter by exocytosis. B. neurotransmitter escapes from the synapse into the nearby extracellular fluid. C. neurotransmitters stop being released. D. the synaptic knob reabsorbs some neurotransmitters by endocytosis. E. enzymes in the postsynaptic cell break down some neurotransmitters.
55. excites skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle. A. Norepinephrine B. Dopamine C. Histamine D. Acetylcholine E. β-endorphin

57. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with A. depolarization of the cell membrane. B. repolarization of the cell membrane. C. hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. D. no change of the cell membrane potential. E. no change of the threshold.
58. Opening of gates produces an. A. chloride; IPSP B. sodium; IPSP C. calcium; IPSP D. potassium; EPSP E. calcium and sodium; IPSP
59. Which of these is an example of an EPSP in a typical neuron? A. a voltage change from 0 mV to +0.35 mV B. a voltage change from -70 mV to -69.5 mV C. a voltage change from -69.5 mV to -70 mV D. a voltage change from +35 mV to 0 mV E. a voltage change from -70 mV to -70.5 mV
60. A neuron can receive thousands of EPSPs from different neurons, and responds by triggering or not triggering an action potential. This addition and response to the net effect of postsynaptic potentials is called A. temporal summation. B. neural summation. C. spatial summation. D. neuronal coding. E. recruitment.

61. Presynaptic inhibition is the opposite of A. coding. B. integration. C. recruitment. D. summation. E. facilitation.
62. The best type of neural pool for producing a prolonged output is A. a converging circuit. B. a diverging circuit. C. a reverberating circuit. D. a presynaptic pool. E. an autonomic pool.
63. Even though all action potentials are the same, the brain can differentiate a variety of stimuli by source and intensity. The mechanism by which the nervous system converts these action potentials into meaningful information is called neural A. recruitment. B. pooling. C. integration. D. facilitation. E. coding.
64. Parkinson disease is a progressive loss of motor function due to the degeneration of specific neurons. These neurons secrete an inhibitory neurotransmitter that prevents excessive activity in motor centers of the brain. This neurotransmitter is A. serotonin. B. dopamine. C. acetylcholine. D. GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid). E. glutamate (glutamic acid).

65. Accumulation of Ca2+^ in the synaptic knob is called , and probably plays an important role in . A. synaptic facilitation; short-term memory B. neural coding; immediate memory C. postsynaptic potential; long-term memory D. neural coding; short-term memory E. long-term potentiation; long-term memory

chapter 12 Key

True / False Questions

1. The nervous system employs exclusively electrical means to send messages, whereas the endocrine system communicates by means of chemical messengers. FALSE Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.01.a Describe the overall function of the nervous system. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
2. Most neurons have multiple dendrites. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.02.c Identify the parts of a neuron. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
3. Neurons move material away from the soma by retrograde transport. FALSE Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.02.d Explain how neurons transport materials between the cell body and tips of the axon. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
4. Unipolar neurons have only a single process leading away from the soma. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.02.c Identify the parts of a neuron. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
5. Oligodendrocytes serve the same purpose in the CNS that satellite cells do in the PNS. FALSE Bloom's Level: 2.

Understand Learning Outcome: 12.03.a Name the six types of cells that aid neurons and state their respective functions. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System

6. Ependymal cells line the inner cavities of the CNS. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.03.a Name the six types of cells that aid neurons and state their respective functions. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
7. In the brain, neurons are more abundant than neuroglia. FALSE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.03.a Name the six types of cells that aid neurons and state their respective functions. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
8. An action potential never occurs in dendrites. TRUE Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.04.c Explain how local responses generate a nerve signal. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
9. When a neuron is stimulated, Na+^ gates open and allow Na+^ to exit the cell. FALSE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.04.b Explain how stimulation of a neuron causes a local electrical response in its membrane. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
10. In a myelinated fiber only the initial segment in the trigger zone have voltage-regulated channels. FALSE Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 12.04.d Explain how a nerve signal is conducted down an axon. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
11. Norepinephrine is a monoamine. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.05.b Give examples of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and describe their actions. Section: 12.

Topic: Nervous System

12. Acetylcholine triggers the synthesis of the second messenger cAMP only in neurons of the PNS. FALSE Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.05.b Give examples of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and describe their actions. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
13. Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a neuromodulator by altering synaptic function. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.05.b Give examples of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and describe their actions. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
14. Any two EPSPs will override one IPSP. FALSE Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 12.05.b Give examples of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and describe their actions. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System
15. Memories are formed by neural pathways of modified synapses. TRUE Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.06.d Describe how memory works at cellular and molecular levels. Section: 12. Topic: Nervous System

Multiple Choice Questions

16. division carries signals to the smooth muscle in the large intestine. A. Visceral sensory B. Somatic sensory C. Visceral motor D. Somatic motor E. Afferent

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.01.b Describe the major anatomical and functional subdivisions of the nervous system.

Section: 12.01 Topic: Nervous System

17. The division tends to prepare the body for action. A. sensory afferent B. motor afferent C. somatic motor D. parasympathetic E. sympathetic Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.01.b Describe the major anatomical and functional subdivisions of the nervous system. Section: 12.01 Topic: Nervous System
18. are examples of effectors of the nervous system. A. Receptors B. Stimuli C. Reflexes D. Glands E. Sense organs Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 12.01.b Describe the major anatomical and functional subdivisions of the nervous system. Section: 12.01 Topic: Nervous System
19. The autonomic nervous system is also called the A. visceral sensory division. B. somatic sensory division. C. visceral motor division. D. somatic motor division. E. central nervous system. Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.01.b Describe the major anatomical and functional subdivisions of the nervous system. Section: 12.01 Topic: Nervous System

20. Nerves are of the nervous system. A. organs B. tissues C. organ systems D. organelles E. cells Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.01.a Describe the overall function of the nervous system. Section: 12.01 Topic: Nervous System
21. Some neurons are specialized to detect stimuli, whereas neurons send signals to the effectors of the nervous system. A. efferent; afferent B. afferent; efferent C. motor; sensory D. efferent; association E. afferent; association Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Bloom's Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 12.02.b Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. Section: 12.02 Topic: Nervous System
22. About 90% of the neurons in the nervous system are neurons. A. sensory B. motor C. afferent D. efferent E. association Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.02.b Define the three most basic functional categories of neurons. Section: 12.02 Topic: Nervous System

23. neurons are the most common type of neurons. A. Multipolar B. Bipolar C. Unipolar D. Anaxonic E. Dendritic Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.02.c Identify the parts of a neuron. Section: 12.02 Topic: Nervous System
24. Nerve fiber refers to A. a nerve cell. B. an organelle in nerve cells. C. an organ. D. an axon. E. a bundle of macromolecules in nerve cells. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 12.02.c Identify the parts of a neuron. Section: 12.02 Topic: Nervous System
25. Most metabolic and regulatory functions in a neuron happen at the A. axon. B. soma. C. dendrites. D. axon hillock. E. Schwann cell. Bloom's Level: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 12.02.c Identify the parts of a neuron. Section: 12.02 Topic: Nervous System

26. This image shows a representative neuron. What does "5" represent? A. synaptic knobs B. Schwann cells C. trigger zone D. node of Ranvier E. axon collateral Bloom's Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 12.02.c Identify the parts of a neuron. Section: 12.02 Topic: Nervous System