BSC1005 Chapters 1-7 Midterm Study Guide 2024-2025. Questions & Correct, Verified Answers., Exams of Biology

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BSC1005 Chapters 1-7 Midterm Study

Guide 2024-2025. Questions & Correct,

Verified Answers. Graded A

A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE? - ANSthe solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker A base _____ - ANSremoves H+ ions from a solution A cell that neither gains nor loses a net amount of water at equilibrium when it is immersed in a solution is _______. - ANSisotonic to its environment. A horse eating some hay is an example of ______. - ANSa consumer eating a producer A hypothesis is a(n) ______ - ANStentative answer to a question A newly discovered multicellular organism obtains food by digesting dead organisms. Such an organism is most likely a member of the kingdom ________. - ANSfungi A protist that contains contractile vacuoles most likely lives _______. - ANSin fresh water

A rock on the top of a mountain contains ______ energy. - ANSpotential A single covalent bond can form a maximum of - ANS4 covalent bond(s) A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a - ANSgene Adjacent water molecules are joined by ______ bonds. - ANShydrogen An atom with an electrical charge is a(n) - ANSion An atom's _____ are found in its nucleus. - ANSneutrons and protons An enzyme's function depends on its three-dimensional shape. - ANStrue An uncharged atom of gold has an atomic number of 79 and an atomic mass of

197. This atom has ___ protons, ___ neutrons, and ___ electrons. - ANS79...118... Anaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ______ ATP per glucose. - ANS As water freezes, _________. - ANSits molecules move farther apart

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, you would expect to find a large amount of smooth ER in _______ cells. - ANSliver Beryllium's atomic mass is 0, and its atomic number is 4. How many neutrons are found in a beryllium atom? - ANS CAM plants conserve water by ________. - ANSopening their stomata only at night Carbohydrates typically include - ANSC, H, and O atoms Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy ________. - ANSstored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion?

• ANSexocytosis During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron acceptor molecules. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about this process? - ANSOxygen is eventually reduced by the electrons to form water. Electron transport takes place in the ________ - ANSmitochondria Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) __________. - ANSphosphate group

Enzymes are - ANSproteins Examine the 2 sugars in the following figure. How do these 2 sugars compare? - ANSthey have the same formula but different structures. Examine the figure above. Most of the mass of the tree shown in the figure comes from ________. - ANSthe air Examine the figure below. Which of the following reactant(s) primarily come(s) from the air? - ANSoxygen and carbon dioxide Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires _______ and moves a substance ________ its concentration gradient. - ANStransport proteins...down For good health, it is important to include ________ in our diets. - ANSpolysaccharides Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include _________. - ANSlipid synthesis, steroid synthesis, and drug detoxification How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes? - ANSradioactive isotopes are unstable; isotopes are stable. How does household bleach compare to household ammonia? - ANShousehold ammonia has 10 times higher H+ concentration than household bleach

How does RNA differ from DNA? - ANSRNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine. How does taxonomy assist biologists? - ANSby categorizing diverse items into smaller and smaller numbers of groups Humans are both ________. - ANSheterotrophs and consumers Humans convert approximately __________ of the energy stored in food to useful work. - ANS34% If an herbicide blocked the Calvin cycle before the generation of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P), which of the following statements would be TRUE? - ANSNo sugar would be made by the plant If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand? - ANSTCATGAC In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will - ANSbecome turgid In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced DIRECTLY as a result of _________. - ANS In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to the region between the nucleus and the plasma membrane? - ANScytoplasm

In order to have a positive charge, an atom must have - ANSmore protons than electrons In photosynthesis, an H+ ion gradient forms across the _____. - ANSthylakoid membrane In photosynthesis, redox reactions ultimately transfer electrons from ________ to ________. - ANSH2O... CO In the accompanying figure, the molecule that makes up the bulk of the mass of the plant comes in mostly _______. - ANSthrough the transparent covering of the leaf into the photosynthetic cells In what way(s) is the science of biology influencing and changing our culture? - ANShelping us understand evolution..., revealing mutations in genes.....,providing forensic investigations.....(all of the above) Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via _______. - ANSmRNA Isotopes of an element have the same number of ______ and different numbers of ______. - ANSprotons and neutrons Members of the kingdom Plantae differ from members of the other kingdoms of Eukarya in that most members of the kingdom Plantae - ANSproduce their on food Most human cells contain ______ chromosomes. - ANS

On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D). There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution. The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium, from largest to smallest? - ANSA < B < C < D One difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells ______ prokaryotic cells. - ANShave membrane-enclosed structures called organelles, which are lacking in Osmosis can be defined as ______. - ANSthe diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane People with lactose intolerance do not have enough - ANSlactase Photosynthetic organisms like grass are able to ________. - ANSuse substances in the air as a major source of carbon Plant cells ________. - ANShave chloroplasts and mitochondria Plants are susceptible to bacterial infections, which can damage their structure or even kill them. Which of the following would be the best antibiotic to treat a plant that is infected with bacteria? - ANSa drug that blocks gene expression in circular chromosomes

Proteins are polymers constructed from - ANSamino acid monomers Refer to the accompanying figure. Plant cells that contain the organelle responsible for photosynthesis are concentrated in cells of the ________. - ANSleaves Refer to the accompanying figure. Plant cells that contain the organelle responsible for photosynthesis are concentrated in cells of the _______. - ANSleaves Refer to the accompanying figure. Which of the following is TRUE regarding the behavior of a chlorophyll molecule as it absorbs a photon? - ANSThe energy of a photon raises an electron to the excited state. Regulation in biological systems depends on feedback, which is an example of information flow. When diabetes destroy insulin-producing cells, what information flow is disrupted? - ANSthe body is unable to send signals that indicate the amount of sugar in the blood Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the air. Cellular respiration __________. - ANSproduces ATP Respiration describes the exchange of gases between your blood and the air. Cellular respiration ________. - ANSproduces ATP Saturated fats are saturated with - ANShydrogen

Scientific ideas are subjected to repeated testing. true or false - ANSfalse Scientists are working to create a better biofuel factory through which of the following processes? - ANSincreasing the genetic diversity of groups of algae Several students were talking about which came first in the history of the Earth. Which student has the best understanding of what happened? - ANSAnaerobic organisms must have come first because there was no oxygen in the atmosphere. Similar to the nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria are _________. - ANSsurrounded by two membrane Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They've added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days, they find that sugar levels in the grape juice have dropped, but there's no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that ________. - ANSthe mixture needs less oxygen; yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen Some ribosomes are suspended in the cytosol of a cell, whereas other ribosomes _________. - ANSare attached to the outside of the nucleus Sometimes when I have my morning coffee, which I drink with. no cream or sugar, I notice a thin film floating on top of the coffee. Since I have just read chapter 3 of

the text, I now realize the nature of this substance and so I run to my friend screaming. "Look at this _________ in my coffee!" - ANShydrophobic substance Table sugar is _______. - ANSsucrose, a monosaccharide Ten kilocalories are equivalent to ________ calories. - ANS10, The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life most likely arose in - ANScultures that keep dairy herds The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) _____ bond - ANSionic The Calvin cycle One of the compounds that is a direct output of the Calvin cycle is ________. - ANSG3P The Calvin cycle is sometimes called the "dark reactions." Could it take place if a plant were grown in the dark continuously? - ANSNo, because sunlight is needed to split water to provide NADH. The child shown in the figure below is not feeling well. Why does the poster say "No Antibiotics Please"? - ANShis illness is caused by a virus The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is found within the - ANSnucleus

The energy in the proton gradient above is ________. - ANSpotential energy The extracellular matrix of animal cells _______. - ANSprotects and support cells The figure below shows a Paramecium, a single-called freshwater protist. The hairlike structure visible on the Paramecium allow it to move. These structures are _______. - ANScilia The light reactions of photosynthesis take place ________. - ANSin the thylakoid membrane The nuclear envelope is composed of ________. - ANSa double membrane The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ______. - ANSconservation energy The products of the light reactions of photosynthesis are ________. - ANSATP and NADPH The region of an enzyme to which a substrate binds is called the ______ site. - ANSactive The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ______. - ANSchromatin The ultimate source of the energy in food is ________. - ANSthe sun

The waste products of cellular respiration include ________. - ANSwater and carbon dioxide The way Earth moves about the sun is most like - ANSan electron moving around the nucleus of an atom Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water? - ANSroots Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke) are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal) pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the BEST explanation? - ANSTobacco interferes with the sweeping motion of cilia that aids in the movement of the egg toward the uterus. Vacuoles are _______. - ANSmembranous sac What accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs? - ANSnatural selection What are grana? - ANSstacks of membranous sacs What are the eukaryotic genes composed of? - ANSDNA What are two main processes upon which ecosystems depend? - ANSnutrient recycling and energy flow

What does "adaptation" mean in an evolutionary context? - ANSthe accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time What is energy? - ANSthe capacity to cause change What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds? - ANShydrolysis What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to power nanotechnology devices, such as microscopic robots? - ANSenzymes What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle? - ANSacetyl CoA What name is given to a discrete packet of light? - ANSphoton What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electrons? - ANScovalent What structures move proteins from the ER to Golgi apparatus? - ANStransport vesicles What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? - ANSethyl alcohol When a person cries, tears are exported from cells through the process of _______. - ANSendocytosis

When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ________. - ANSexhibit a net movement to the side the lower water concentration When using a microscope to view cells you obtained from scraping under your fingernails, you notice that the cells lack nuclei; therefore, you conclude that the cells must be a type of ______ cell. - ANSprokaryotic Which domain(s) consist(s) of prokaryotic cells? - ANSBacteria and Archaea Which of the following are produced as a result of cellular respiration? - ANScarbon dioxide, water, ATP Which of the following elements, essential to life, is a trace element? - ANSiodine Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but NOT eukaryotic cells? - ANSpili Which of the following is a function of Golgi apparatus? - ANS Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats? - ANSincreased risk of heart attack

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis? - ANSconversion of glucose to pyruvic acid Which of the following is a way that molecule releases energy gained by absorption of a photon? - ANSall of the above Which of the following is an acid? - ANSHCl Which of the following is hydrophilic? - ANScellulose Which of the following molecules spontaneously form membranes when mixed in water and most likely were one of the first organic compounds formed on earth? - ANSphospholipids Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most like the shipping center of a company? - ANSthe Golgi apparatus Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? - ANSactive transport Which of the following structure can perform all the activities required for life? - ANScells Which of these is NOT considered an advantage of biofuels from food crops? - ANSincreased crop prices

Which of these is required for natural selection to occur? - ANSinheritance, unequal reproductive success, and individual variation (all of the above) Which of these results would you predict to occur if climate change results in increased warming global temperatures? - ANSthe tree line (at which it is too cold for trees to grow) moves toward the north and south poles Which of these stages of cell respiration can occur without the others? - ANSglycolysis Which of these would be a valid scientific hypothesis? - ANShumans and bacteria share a common genetic code Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor? - ANSkeeping someone from parking in their designated spot Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? - ANScitric acid cycle Why is water considered a polar molecule? - ANSThe oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, hydrogen molecule end has a slight positive charge Within the inner membrane of a chloroplast, interconnected sacs of membrane called ________ are suspended in a thick fluid called the ________. - ANSthylakoids... stroma

You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped? - ANSit was released as heat You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a hypothesis? - ANSmy car's battery is dead