BSC1005 MIDTERM MDC Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023), Exams of Nursing

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What is Biology? - Correct Answer ✅The scientific study of life. Proper components of the SCIENTIFIC METHOD. - Correct Answer ✅Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Results, Conclusion. Taxonomy is the ____? - Correct Answer ✅Naming and classifying of species. Which Kingdom of Eukarya consist primarily of unicellular organisms? - Correct Answer ✅Protista What accounts for the different breeds of domesticated dogs? - Correct Answer ✅Artificial selection. Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually ______. - Correct Answer ✅EUKARYOTIC: Larger, and MORE COMPLEX. What does adaption mean in a biological context? - Correct Answer ✅The accumulation of favorable variations in a population over time.

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What is the difference between discovery science and hypothesis driven science? - Correct Answer ✅Discover science describes natural structures and processes as accurately as possible through careful observation and data analysis. Hypothesis- driven science is the observation and induction of discovery science. It stimulates us to seek natural structures and processes. A Hypothesis is a ____. - Correct Answer ✅Tentative answer to a question. What is a Gene? - Correct Answer ✅A unit of inheritance. The second Electron Shell of an atom can hold a maximum of _____ electrons. - Correct Answer ✅ 8 All atoms of an element have the same number of _____. - Correct Answer ✅Protons

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Relative to a PH of 6, a PH of 4 has a ______. - Correct Answer ✅100 time high H+ concentration. The lower the PH of a solution, the ________. - Correct Answer ✅more acidic. ______ is an example of an element. - Correct Answer ✅Carbon What are the reactants of the following chemical reaction? C6H12O6 + 6 H2O + 6 O2 + ---> 6 CO2 +12H2O - Correct Answer ✅C6H12O6, H2O, and O Why is water considered a polar molecule? - Correct Answer ✅The oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge. Adjacent water molecules are joined by _______ bonds. - Correct Answer ✅Polar and covalent.

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A Base ______. - Correct Answer ✅Will increase the PH of a solution as it will lower the H+ ions. Animals store carbohydrates as _______? - Correct Answer ✅Glycogen. The following molecule is best described as ______. CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - Correct Answer ✅hydrocarbon. A pleated sheet is an example of protein ______structure - Correct Answer ✅Secondary Carbohydrates typically include ______. - Correct Answer ✅C, H, and O atoms. A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______ covalent bonds. - Correct Answer ✅ 4 Proteins are polymers constructed from _______ monomers. - Correct Answer ✅Amino acid.

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Which of the following is true regrading a DNA molecule? - Correct Answer ✅The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine. The following molecule is best described as _______. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2 - Correct Answer ✅hydrocarbon. Enzymes are? - Correct Answer ✅proteins. Destruction of a proteins shape is called _____. - Correct Answer ✅denaturation How do radioactive isotopes differ from isotopes? - Correct Answer ✅RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES: UNSTABLE ISOTOPES: STABLE What are the reactant(s) in the following chemical reaction?

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C6H12O6+6 H2O+6 O2--->6 CO2+12 H2O - Correct Answer ✅C6H12O6, H2O, and O An uncharged atom of gold has an ATOMIC NUMBER of 79 and an ATOMIC MASS of 197. This atom has _____ protons, _______ neutrons, and ______ electrons. - Correct Answer ✅79....118.... Sweating cools your body by ____. - Correct Answer ✅evaporative cooling. The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds. - Correct Answer ✅Covalent. The four most common elements found in living things are ______. - Correct Answer ✅Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. In the following reaction, what type of bond is holding the two atoms together?

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K + C1---> K+ + C1- ---> KC1 - Correct Answer ✅Ionic. Why (if you are careful) are you able to float a needle on the surface of water? - Correct Answer ✅The surface tension due to the waters cohesive properties makes this possible. Amino acids include a side group as well as _____. - Correct Answer ✅- a central carbon

• a hydrogen atom
• an amino group
• a carboxyl group LOOK UP FIGURE TO - Correct Answer ✅Single DNA structure. People with lactose intolerance do not have enough - Correct Answer ✅lactase _____ is a steroid. - Correct Answer ✅Estrogen.

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If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG, what will be the sequence of the other strand? - Correct Answer ✅TCATGAC How does RNA differ from DNA? - Correct Answer ✅RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine. A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly. At the same time, you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take ______. - Correct Answer ✅an ANABOLIC STEROID You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a hypothesis? - Correct Answer ✅My car battery is dead. What is the name given to functional compartments of a cell. - Correct Answer ✅Organelles. How does TAXONOMY assist biologist? - Correct Answer ✅by categorizing diverse items into smaller and smaller numbers of groups.

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The DNA of a Eukaryotic cell is found within the _____. - Correct Answer ✅Nucleus. The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and unity of life is ______. - Correct Answer ✅Evolution. You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a prediction?

• Correct Answer ✅If I recharge the battery, then my car will start. What is required for natural selection to occur? A) unequal reproductive success B) individual variation C) overreproduction D) inheritance E) all of the above - Correct Answer ✅ALL OF THE ABOVE! Lysosomes are responsible for ______. - Correct Answer ✅digestion of organic matter inside the cell.

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The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______. - Correct Answer ✅Phospholipids AND proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane Where does protein synthesis take place? - Correct Answer ✅on Ribosomes A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes ________. - Correct Answer ✅attached to endoplasmic reticulum. What structures move proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus? - Correct Answer ✅transport vesicles. Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells? - Correct Answer ✅Pili Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ____. - Correct Answer ✅mRNA Microtubules are associated with ______.

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A) cilia B) flagella C) cell shape in animal cells D) all of the above - Correct Answer ✅ALL OF THE ABOVE. ______ are the major lipids of plasma membranes. - Correct Answer ✅Phospholipids What type of microscope would be best for studying the detailed structure of the surface of a plasma membrane? - Correct Answer ✅Scanning electron microscope. Active transport ______. A) Uses ATP as an energy source B) Can move solutes against their concentration gradient C) Requires the cell to expend energy D) Can involve the transport of ions E) All of the above - Correct Answer ✅E) All of the above

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In a hypotonic solution, a plant cell will _____. - Correct Answer ✅become turgid. An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have _____ energy resulting from its location or structure. - Correct Answer ✅kinetic....potential. Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n) ______. - Correct Answer ✅Phosphate group. Which component of the following reaction is the SUBSTRATE? sucrose + sucrase + water --> sucrase + glucose + fructose - Correct Answer ✅Sucrose. Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called _____. - Correct Answer ✅Signal transduction. Osmosis can be defined as ______. - Correct Answer ✅The diffusion of water.

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Which component of the following reaction is the ENZYME? sucrose + sucrase + water sucrase + glucose + fructose - Correct Answer ✅Sucrase. Substances that plug up an enzymes active sites are ___. - Correct Answer ✅Enzyme inhibitors Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires _____ and moves a substance _____ its concentration gradient. - Correct Answer ✅Transport proteins Down. The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacteruim is _____. - Correct Answer ✅phagocytosis An enzymes function is dependent on its ______. - Correct Answer ✅Shape.

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Diffusion ______. - Correct Answer ✅Proceeds until equilibrium is reached. Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? - Correct Answer ✅Active Transport. Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? - Correct Answer ✅Entropy. Diffusion is an example of ______. - Correct Answer ✅Passive transport. A rock at the top of a mountain contains ______ energy. - Correct Answer ✅Potential. Which of the following are true? A) Most enzymes are lipids. B) An enzyme's function is unaffected by antibiotics. C) Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. D) Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.

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E) An enzyme's function requires inhibitors. - Correct Answer ✅C) Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction. If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis (refers to the breaking down of the membrane of a cell) Whereas the plant cell will not. What accounts for the difference? - Correct Answer ✅The relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall. Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person's age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. Molecules that come from the food we eat provide energy for the amazing work that goes on inside of our cells. This energy, stored inside of our food,

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is a form of ______. - Correct Answer ✅Potential energy called chemical energy. When two solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a selectively permeable membrane, and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will ______. - Correct Answer ✅Exhibit a net movement to the side with lower water concentration. Which of the following parts of a cell is (are) most likely the shipping center of a company? - Correct Answer ✅the Gogli apparatus. Which of the following is a function of the Gogli apparatus. - Correct Answer ✅Protein modification. Vacuoles are _____. - Correct Answer ✅Membranous sacs. Cellular respiration can be described as the conversion of the energy _____.

• Correct Answer ✅Stored in food molecules to energy stored in ATP.

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Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? - Correct Answer ✅Chloroplast. Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria? - Correct Answer ✅Chloroplast have their own DNA. The region of an enzyme to which substrate binds is called the ____ site. - Correct Answer ✅Active.

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Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ____? - Correct Answer ✅Cell wall and central vacuole. The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______. - Correct Answer ✅Metabolism. Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes? - Correct Answer ✅Nucleus. Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? - Correct Answer ✅It does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. In cellular respiration, most ATP is produced directly as a result of _____. - Correct Answer ✅The movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane.

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During redox reactions, _____. - Correct Answer ✅Electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance. How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate? - Correct Answer ✅Two Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? - Correct Answer ✅Acetyl CoA A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______. - Correct Answer ✅The muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? - Correct Answer ✅Citric acid cycle. A product of glycolysis is ____. A) Lactic Acid

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B) Ethyl Alcohol C) NAD+ D) O E) Pyruvic Acid - Correct Answer ✅Pyruvis Acid. Electron transport takes place in the ____. - Correct Answer ✅Mitochondria. An aerobic process requires _____. - Correct Answer ✅Oxygen. In photosynthesis, redox reactants ultimately transfer electrons from _____ to _____. - Correct Answer ✅H2O......CO The color that we see when looking at a pigmented object is ____. - Correct Answer ✅The wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object. What compound is found at the reaction center of a photosystem? - Correct Answer ✅Chlorophyll a

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Which of the following is found in both in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis? - Correct Answer ✅Electron transport chain. Which of the following is the source of electrons for the light reactions? - Correct Answer ✅H2O CAM plants conserve water by _____. - Correct Answer ✅Opening their stomata only at night. The Calvin cycle makes direct use of _____ to make _____. - Correct Answer ✅CO2, ATP, and NADPH... sugar When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to the ____ state. - Correct Answer ✅Excited. The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in ______. - Correct Answer ✅The thylakoid membrane

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Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water? - Correct Answer ✅Roots. What waste product do yeast produce under anaerobic conditions? - Correct Answer ✅Ethyl alcohol. The ultimate source of the energy in food is _____. - Correct Answer ✅The SUN Which of the following statements is true? - Correct Answer ✅Oxidation is the loss of electrons; Reduction is the gain of electrons. Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). An abundant and continual supply of ATP is necessary for all living cells. Active muscle cells require an extraordinary amount of ATP to permit strenuous exercise for prolonged periods. Toxins, reduced blood flow, and a compromised respiratory system can interfere with the transport of oxygen to active cells. A runner in a marathon faces multiple obstacles to continue to produce sufficient ATP to remain competitive.

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Breathing faster when we exercise is necessary to expel ______. - Correct Answer ✅Carbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen to support aerobic metabolism Electron transport takes place in the _____. - Correct Answer ✅Mitochondria. A horse eating some hay is an example of ______. - Correct Answer ✅A consumer eating a producer. Aerobic cellular respiration generates about _____ ATP from one glucose. - Correct Answer ✅ 38 Plant cells _____. - Correct Answer ✅Have chloroplasts and mitochondria ANaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ______ ATP from one glucose. - Correct Answer ✅ 2

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What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle? - Correct Answer ✅acetly CoA Which of the following equations describes aerobic cellular respiration? - Correct Answer ✅glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy The first electron acceptor of of cellular respiration is ___. - Correct Answer ✅NAD+ The second stage of aerobic respiration is _____. - Correct Answer ✅The citric acid cycle. Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown? - Correct Answer ✅glycolysis In photosynthesis, an H+ ion gradient forms across the _____. - Correct Answer ✅thylakoid membrane

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If a plant appears blue to us, what wavelength of light is being reflected? - Correct Answer ✅Blue. The Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light reactions in order to operate. - Correct Answer ✅ATP... NADPH What is responsible for the yellow/orange coloring of the leaves in fall? - Correct Answer ✅Carotenoids. The energy of the wavelengths that appear _____ is least useful to photosynthesis. - Correct Answer ✅Green. Which of the following equations best summarizes photosynthesis? - Correct Answer ✅6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 In photosynthesis, redox reactions ultimately transfer electrons from ______ to ______. - Correct Answer ✅H2O... CO2