BSNC 1000 Final Exam Practice Questions: Nervous System, Aging, and Inflammation, Exams of Advanced Education

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BSNC 1000 Final Exam Practice

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Normal age-related changes in the nervous system can include all of the following except which one? a. Changes in sleep patterns b. Delayed reaction time c. Increased perception of pain d. Reduced blood flow to the brain e. Slower reflexes C. A nurse is assessing an older adult's risk for falls. One of the questions that the nurse asks is whether the older adult has fallen in the past year. The nurse asks this because individuals who have fallen: a. Are more likely to sustain injuries if they fall again than persons who did not fall in the past year. b. Are most likely to have a balance disorder as compared to persons who did not fall in the past year c. Have most likely developed a fear of falling as compared to persons who did not fall in the past year. d. Have a higher risk of falling again than persons who did not fall in the past year. C. The nurse is assessing the way the client walks. Which of the following is the name for the manner of walking? a. Activity tolerance b. Body alignment c. Range of motion d. Gait D. When a client is using a cane for maximal support, the nurse is aware that the client should do which of the following? a. Keep the elbow that is holding the cane straight and stiff b. Advance the weaker foot ahead of the cane

c. Distribute weight evenly between the feet and the cane d. Hold the cane on the weaker side C. Which of the following is not a function of bone remodeling? a. The maintenance of bone health b. The release of mineral stores c. The growth in length and width of bones d. The strengthening of bones in areas of stress C. Which part of the bone does remodeling primarily occur? a. The surface of trabeculae of spongy bone b. The central canals of compact bone c. The outer surface of all bones d. Only in long bones such as the femur and humerus C. Common characteristics of early (acute) inflammation include all of the following except: a. Redness b. Heat c. Accumulation of fluid in the tissue d. Tissue shrinkage e. Pain D. Which of the following is an outcome of the inflammatory process that is considered to be most beneficial? a. Isolating and concentrating toxic substances in a local tissue b. Eliminating excess cells in a tissue c. Altering the functioning of tissue cells d. Defending the body and preparing an injured site for healing e. Softening injured tissues

b. Caregiving and reciprocity c. Hardiness and resiliency d. Context and system C. What does the nurse focus on when viewing the family as patient? a. Health and development of an individual member existing within a specific environment b. Family process and relationships c. Family relational and transactional concepts d. Family within a system? B. What does asking a patient “Who is in your family?” help the nurse assess? a. Internal structure b. External structure c. Context d. Instrumental functioning A. What is a goal of approaching family from a relational inquiry perspective? a. Professional collaboration b. Systematic problem solving c. Inquiry to understand the family in context d. Circular questions C. What are two of the components of relational inquiry? a. Using both open- and closed-ended questions b. Applying both a strict assessment format and corresponding interventions c. Incorporating both letting be and emancipatory action d. Assessing the presenting problem and history of the presenting problem C. Emotional communication belongs to which CFAM subcategory?

a. Instrumental functioning b. Developmental c. Internal structure d. Expressive functioning D. “What do you think when your husband won't visit your son in the hospital?” is an example of a circular question. What can asking the family circular questions accomplish? a. Facilitating change by inviting the family to discover their own answers b. Encouraging family members to be caregivers c. Validating their emotional responses d. Targeting specific yes or no answers A. Which intervention can the nurse accomplish during a family interview? a. Educate the family b. Enforce change c. Engage a family to assess, explore and identify strengths and problems d. Establish Roles C. Osteoporosis is a disease process that results in the thinning of the matrix of pore-like structures within the compact bone. a. True b. False B. ______ are found within the spongy bone and are responsible for building up the bone matrix. While ______, which are also found in the spongy bone, breakdown the bone matrix. a. Osteocytes, osteoclasts b. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts c. Osteocytes, osteoblasts d. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts D.

a. Cortisol b. Aldosterone c. Histamine d. Testosterone A. The nurse explains that with the exposure to an antigen, the initiator of the inflammatory response is the presence of histamine, which is released by the: a. Monocytes b. Neutrophils c. Basophils d. Eosinophils C. RICE stands for: a. Redness, inflammation, contusion, edema b. Rest, isolation, compression, elevation c. Review, intervention, continuation, evaluation d. Rest, ice, compression, elevation D. Is it common for acute inflammation to last a week or longer? a. True b. False B. Changes in blood flow represent the body’s first response to injury. a. True b. False A. What is the name of the phenomenon where WBC's marginate and become attached to the edge of the endothelium? a. Cementing

b. Pavementing c. Margination d. Adhesion B. Margination of Neutrophils is the first cellular change of inflammation a. True b. False A. The vital functions necessary for survival, which include heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, are controlled by the: a. Medulla Oblongata b. Reticular formation c. Pituitary gland d. Limbic system A. While assessing a person for effects of the general adaptation syndrome, the nurse should be aware that: a. Heart rate increases in the adaptation state b. Blood volumes increases in the exhaustion stage c. Vital signs return to normal in the exhaustion stage d. Blood glucose level increase during the alarm reaction stage D. When performing an assessment of a young woman who was in an automobile accident 6 months before, the nurse learns that the woman has vivid images of the crash whenever she hears a loud, sudden noise. The nurse recognizes that these reactions are flashbacks, which are symptoms of: a. Social Phobia b. Acute anxiety c. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder d. Borderline Personality Disorder C.

a. Nurses who feel stress usually pass the stress along to their patients. b. A nurse who feels stress is ineffective as a nurse and should not be working. c. Nurses who talk about feeling stress are unprofessional and should calm down. d. Nurses frequently experience stress with the rapid changes in health care technology and organizational restructuring D. In general, a person’s crisis is resolved in some way within approximately: a. 6 weeks b. 1 month c. 6 months d. 2 weeks A. What two factors contribute to the projected increase in the number of older persons? a. Financial success and improved environment b. Fewer medical problems associated with aging c. Improved medication plan and increase in federal health care funding d. The aging of the “baby-boom” generation and the growth of the population segment older than 85 years D. The three common conditions affecting cognition in older persons are: a. Stroke, heart attack, and cancer of the brain b. Cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke c. Delirium, depression, and dementia d. Blindness, hearing loss, and stroke C. Frontotemporal dementia has an insidious onset and progresses slowly. Early symptoms include: a. Poor hygiene, lack of social tact, and sexual disinhibition b. More involvement in surroundings and social situations c. Fluctuating cognition and visual or auditory hallucinations (or both)

d. Motor features of Parkinsonism A. All of the following statements about the concept of mobility are correct except for? a. Mobility is required to perform activities of daily living b. Mobility is independent of central and peripheral perfusion c. Mobility can refer to a particular body part or to the whole body d. Mobility includes gross and fine movements and coordination B. Which of the following statements about low-density lipoproteins is correct? a. When modified, they are key to atheroma formation b. They are easily converted to high-density lipoproteins c. They transport lipids from peripheral tissues to the liver d. When high in the circulation, they directly injure the intimal layer A. The nurse is explaining atherosclerosis to a 65 year old male client. Which of the following statements would the nurse choose to best describe the pathogenesis, or process of atherosclerosis? a. Atheroma are thickened lesions in arterial walls occurring with accumulation of scar tissue and cholesterol deposits b. Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and most prevalent in older adult males c. Atherosclerosis is a slow progression of changes in the blood vessels that may start in childhood d. Endothelial injury or dysfunction is the triggering event in the development of atherosclerosis C. During an inflammatory response, which of the following is triggered after the release of cytokines? a. Vasodilation b. Neutrophilia c. Vascular permeability d. Leukocytosis D. A nurse who works in an older adult community program understands that the whole family is the client and includes the following actions except:

c. depressed appetite d. leukocytosis e. elevated C-reactive peptide B. S.M. had a mild heart attack eight months ago. He is now motivated to make the necessary changes to his lifestyle to decrease his risk of another attack. Strategies to slow further development of atherosclerosis may include all the following except a. taking medications that lower total blood cholesterol b. controlling blood pressure c. increasing plasma LDL: HDL ratio d. maintaining normal blood glucose levels e. maintaining a regular exercise routine C. A patient presents with breathing distress and productive cough. If his lung secretions consist of a type of inflammatory exudate characterized as pale, viscous and containing large amounts of leukocytes, it would be termed a. serous b. fibrinous c. purulent d. hemorrhagic e. chronic C. Which of the following events in inflammation would you expect to occur last? a. Leukocytosis b. Tissue swelling c. Vasodilation d. Neutrophil infiltration of the inflamed site e. Hyperemia A. All the following are risk factors of atherosclerosis except

a. advanced age b. high blood estrogen levels c. smoking d. diabetes mellitus e. hypertension B. Osteopenia and osteoporosis are distinguished based on the a. Age of the patient b. T-score determined through bone density scan c. Etiologic cause of the disease d. Patient's gender B. A nurse who is teaching a group of elderly women about the causes of osteoporosis explains that the disease can be caused by multiple factors. Which of the factors listed below are thought to contribute to osteoporosis? a. High estrogen secretion b. African ancestry c. Hypoparathyroidism d. Having a small frame D. Which of the following is an indicator that a client who is experiencing stress is in the early alarm stage of the stress response? a. Decreased alertness b. Deep and slow breathing c. Low blood glucose levels d. An elevated heart rate D. The nurse is caring for a patient whose calcium intake must increase because of high-risk factors for osteoporosis. Which of the following menus should the nurse recommend? a. Cream of broccoli soup with whole-wheat crackers, cheese, and tapioca for dessert

b. Ligaments c. Cartilage d. Joints A. Mrs. Eden tells the nurse she feels faint while walking in the corridor with the nurse. What should the nurse do? a. Instruct the patient to quicken her pace so they can return to her room b. Leave her momentarily to find another nurse to help c. Advise her to look down at her feet to help maintain her balance d. Guide her to a nearby chair, easing her onto it to rest D. When working with an older patient to develop an exercise program, the nurse would recommend which of the following? a. A frequency of six times a week b. Exercising to the point of breathlessness when trying to speak c. Maintaining a target heart rate of 220 plus aged. d. Obtaining medical clearance before beginning the program D. Changes in the musculoskeletal system lead to changes in the configuration of the thorax. This is known as: a. Hypertrophy b. Calcificationc. c. Presbycusis d. Kyphosis D. Where in the body is HDL synthesized? a. the small intestine b. the large intestine c. the pancreas d. the liver

D.

Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis? a. Male sex b. Hypercholesterolemia c. Familial history of premature coronaryheart disease d. Increasing age B. The 73-year-old patient presents to the clinic with her son who reports that, although she is normally completely independent and active, over the past two days, the patient has become increasingly forgetful, is not eating, and stares for hours at a spot on the wall. The patient is unable to recall her name, the year, or their city. The nurse knows which diagnosis is most likely for this patient. a. Delirium b. Dementia c. Alzheimer disease d. Acute psychosis A. The nurse is caring for a patient with dementia who is unable to remember the date. What is the best way to reorient this patient? a. Continuously correct the patient immediately when the wrong date or location is spoken b. Allow the patient to construct a new reality as her cognitive ability changes c. Provide and refer to clocks and calendars often d. Agree with the patient and meet the patient where she is cognitively C. The nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with delirium. Which statement, if made by the patient's wife, indicates a need for further teaching regarding delirium? a. "My husband should return to normal once we have found and treated the cause of this change" b. "I am so sad I will never have my real husband back again. But I will have to learn to love him as he is now"

d. "The best way is to eat a diet high in refined sugars and low in fiber." B. A client is being treated for an inflammatory response. Which strategy should the nurse emphasize to prevent episodes of inflammation in the future? a. Eating a well-balanced diet b. Taking aspirin prophylactically c. Engaging in frequent hand washing d. Avoiding a trigger D. The nurse is evaluating teaching provided to a client with chronic inflammation. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been successful? a. "I limit doing things that aggravate the pain." b. "I lie in bed most days." c. "I think it would be best if I just died right now." d. "I ignore the pain until I can't stand it anymore." A. The nurse instructs a 68-year-old woman with hypercholesterolemia about natural lipid-lowering therapies. The nurse determines further teaching is necessary if the patient makes which statement? a. "Omega-3 fatty acids are helpful in reducing triglyceride levels." b. "I should check with my physician before I start taking any herbal products." c. "Herbal products do not go through as extensive testing as prescription drugs do." d. "I will take garlic instead of my prescription medication to reduce my cholesterol." D. The nurse is instructing a 65-year-old female client diagnosed with osteoporosis. The most important instruction regarding exercise would be to: a. Exercise doing weight bearing activities. b. Exercise to reduce weight. c. Avoid exercise activities that increase the risk of fracture d. Exercise to strengthen muscles and thereby protect bones. A.

We have an expert-written solution to this problem! The nurse knows that a 60-year-old female client's susceptibility to osteoporosis is most likely related to: a. Lack of exercise b. Hormonal disturbances b. Lack of calcium d. Genetic predisposition B. The nurse should include which of the following client teachings for prevention of rapid progression of osteoporosis? a. avoid taking skim milk b. avoid taking protein-rich foods c. avoid calcium supplement d. avoid alcohol D. Different approaches may be taken to family nursing practice. When the nurse is caring for a patient who needs constant care in the home setting and for whom most of the care is provided by the patients family, what is the best approach for the nurse to take? a. Family as context b. Family as a patient c. Family as a system d. Patient as individuaks C. When initiating the care of families, one factor that helps organize the family approach to the nursing process is that the nurse a. Views all patients as unique individuals b. Realizes that families have little impact on individuals c. Understands that individuals have little impact on families