BSW License Exam Study Guide: Test Questions and Answers, Exams of Public Health

Download BSW License Exam Study Guide: Test Questions and Answers and more Exams Public Health in PDF only on Docsity! BSW License Exam Study Guide Test Questions and Answers -latest updated 2024. The Biological Person - ANS-The body's biochemical, cell, organ, and physiological systems. Nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, reproductive system. The Psychological Person - ANS-The mind and the mental processes. Cognition (conscious thinking processes), emotion (feelings), self (identity). The Spiritual Person - ANS-The aspect of the person that searches for meaning and purpose in life,. Themes of morality, ethics, justice, interconnectedness, creativity, mystical states, prayer, meditation and contemplation, relationships with a higher power. The Physical Environment: - ANS-The natural and human-built material aspects of the environment. Water, sun, trees, buildings, landscapes. Culture - ANS-A set of common understandings, evident in both behavior and material artifacts. Beliefs, customs, traditions, values. Social Institutions - ANS-Patterned ways of organizing social relationships in a particular sector of social life, Family, religion, government, economy, education, social welfare, health care, mass media. Social Structure - ANS-A set of interrelated social institutions developed by humans to impose constraints on human interaction for the purpose of the survival and well being of the collectivity. Social class. Dyads - ANS-Two persons bound together in some way. Parent and child, romantic couple, social worker and client. Families - ANS-Groupings of two or more people who define themselves as family and assume obligations to one another. Nuclear family, extended family, fictive kin. Small Group - ANS-Collections of people who interact with each other, perceive themselves as belonging to a group, are interdependent, join together to accomplish a goal, fulfill a need through joint association or are influenced by a set of rules and norms. Friendship group, self help group, therapy group, committee task group, interdisciplinary team. Formal Organizations - ANS-Collectivities of people, with a high degree of formality of structure, working together to meet a goal or goals. Civic and social service organizations, business organizations, professional associations. Communities - ANS-People bound either by geography or by network links (webs of communication), sharing common ties, and interacting with one another. Territorial communities such as neighborhoods, relational communities such as the social work community, the disability community, a faith community, a soccer league. Social Movements - ANS-Large scale collective actions to make change or resist change, in specific social institutions, Civil rights movement, poor people's movements, disability movement, gay rights movement. Trends - ANS-Long term patterns of change that move in a general direction. Trend toward greater ethnic diversity in the United States, trend toward delayed childbearing in advanced industrial countries, trend toward greater income inequality between sub-Saharan Africa and the rest of the world. Cycles - ANS-Short term patterns of change that reverse direction repetitively. A weekly cycle of work interspersed with rest and relaxation. Economic downturns and upturns. Shifts - ANS-Sudden abrupt changes of direction. Changes in patterns of living following a major loss. Changes in the physical and social environment following a natural disaster (hurricane, flood, earthquake) or human made disaster such as September 11, 2001. Linear Time - ANS-Time in terms of a straight line. Past, present, future. Acculturation - ANS-A process of changing one's culture by incorporating elements of another culture. Biopsychosocial approach - ANS-Human behavior is considered to be the result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems. Psychology is seen as inseparable from biology; emotions and cognition affect the health of the body and are affected by it. Increasingly, neurobiologist write about the "social brain", recognizing that the human brain is wired for social life but also recognizing that the social environment has an impact on brain structure and processes. Concepts - ANS- Constants - ANS-Move invariably in one direction; the aging process. Constructivist Perspective - ANS- Deductive Reasoning - ANS-Meaning that theories lay out general, abstract propositions that we can use to generate specific hypothesis to test in unique situations. Determinism - ANS-Human behavior determined by forces beyond the control of the person. Dimension - ANS-Refers to a feature that can be focused on separately but that cannot be understood without also considering other features. Diversity - ANS- Empirical Research - ANS-A careful, purposeful, and systematic observation of events with the intent to note and record them in terms of their attributes, to look for patterns in those events, and to make our methods and observations public. Heterogeneity - ANS-Refers to individual level orientation differences among individuals. Hypothesis - ANS-Tentative statements, to be explored and tested, not facts to be applied, in transactions with the person. Interpretist Perspective - ANS-Assumption that reality is based on people's definitions of it and research should focus on learning the meanings that people give to their situations. Also referred to as constructivist perspective. Life Course Perspective - ANS-Assumes that each person's life has a unique long-term pattern of stability and change but that shared social and historical contexts produce some commonalities. Life Events - ANS-Brief events or incidents; they may produce shifts and have serious and long- lasting effects. Multi-determined - ANS-Human behavior is developed as a result of many causes. Multidimensional Approach - ANS-Thinking about human behavior as changing configurations of person and environment over time. Objective Reality - ANS-Dimensions of human behavior that exist outside of a person's consciousness. Positivist Perspective - ANS-The world has an order that can be discovered; findings of one study should be applicable to other groups; complex phenomena can be studied by reducing them to some component part; findings are tentative and subject to question; scientific methods are value- free. Post-positivism - ANS- Privilege - ANS-Unearned advantage, for some groups and disadvantage for other groups. Propositions - ANS-Theoretical concepts are put together to form assertions. Qualitative Methods of Research - ANS-Designed to capture how participants view social life rather than to ask participants to respond to categories preset by the researcher. Quantitative Methods of Research - ANS-Use quantifiable measures of concepts, standardize the collection of data, attend only to preselected variables, and use statistical methods to look for patterns and associations. Subjective Reality - ANS-Reality based on personal perception. Theory - ANS-A logically interrelated set of concepts and propositions, organized into a deductive system, which explains relationships between aspects of our world. Time Orientation - ANS-Describes the extent to which individuals and Collectivities are invested in three temporal zones- past, present, and future. Voluntarism - ANS-Persons are free and proactive agents in the creation of their behavior. Agency - ANS- Boundary - ANS-Indicating who is in and who is out. Chaos Theory - ANS-Emphasize systems processes that produce change, even sudden, rapid, radical change. Recognizes negative feedback loops as important processes in systems and recognizes their role in promoting system stability. Proposes that complex systems produce positive feedback loops that feed back information about deviation or should we say innovation, into the steady state in such a way that deviation reverberates throughout the system and produces change sometimes even rapid change. Classical conditioning theory - ANS- Cognitive social learning theory - ANS- Conflict Perspective - ANS-Drawing attention to conflict, dominance, and oppression in social life; typically looks for sources of conflict and causes of human behavior in the economic and political arenas, and more recently in the cultural arena. Adaptation - ANS- Afrocentric Relational Theory - ANS-Assumes a collective identity for people rather than valuing individuality. Coping - ANS-Our efforts to master the demands of stress. Crisis - ANS- Daily Hassles - ANS-Common occurrences that are taxing. Defense Mechanisms - ANS-Unconscious, automatic responses that enable us to minimize perceived threats or keep them out of our awareness entirely. Emotion-Focused Coping - ANS-To change either the way the stressful situation is attended to (by vigilance or avoidance) or the meaning to oneself of what is happening. The external situation does not change, but our behaviors or attitudes change with respect to it, and we may thus effectively manage the stressors. General Adaptation Syndrome - ANS- Homeostasis - ANS-A steady state of functioning; our body's attempts to maintain physical equilibrium. Neural Plasticity - ANS- Object Relations Theory - ANS- Personal Network - ANS-Includes those from the social network who, in our view, provide us with our most essential supports. Person-In-Environment - ANS-Formally organizes the assessment of individual's ability to cope with stress around social functioning problems, environmental problems, mental health problems, and physical health problems. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - ANS-Persistent reliving of traumatic event, persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, persistent high state of arousal. Problem-Focused Coping - ANS-To change the situation by acting on the environment. Tends to dominate whenever we view situations as controllable by action. Relational Coping - ANS-Takes into account actions that maximize the survival of others- such as our families, children, and friends- as well as ourselves. Role Strain - ANS- Social Identity Theory - ANS- Social Network - ANS-Includes not just our social support but all the people with whom we regularly interact and the patterns of interaction that result from exchanging resources with them. Social Support - ANS-The interpersonal interactions and relationships that provide us with assistance or feelings of attachment to persons we perceive as caring. State - ANS-A process that changes over time depending on the context. Stress - ANS-Any event in which environmental or internal demands tax the adaptive resources of an individual. May be biological (a disturbance in bodily systems), psychological (cognitive and emotional factors involved in the evaluation of a threat), and even social (the disruption of a social unit). Stress/Diathesis Models - ANS- Trait - ANS- Traumatic Stress - ANS-Refers to events that involve actual or threatened severe injury or death, of oneself or significant others; natural, technological, and individual. Behavior Settings - ANS-Behavior is always tied to a specific place. Behavior Settings Theories - ANS-Consistent, uniform patterns of behavior occur in particular places of behavior settings. Biophilia - ANS-Humans have a genetically based need to affiliate with nature. Boundary Regulating Mechanisms - ANS-Personal space and territoriality- we use to gain greater control over our physical environments. Built Environment - ANS-The portion of the physical environment attributable solely to the human effort. Control Theories - ANS-Focus on the issue of how much control we have over our physical environments and the attempts we make to gain control; privacy, personal space, territoriality, and crowding. Crowding - ANS-The subjective feeling of having too many people around. Defensible space - ANS-Theory that suggests residential crime and fear of crime can be decreased by means of certain design features that increase resident's sense of territoriality and consequently, their motivation to watch out for the neighborhood. Density - ANS-The ration of persons per unit area of space. Practice Orientation - ANS-Explain what people do as thinking, intentionally acting persons who face the impact of history and the restraints of structures that are embedded in our society and culture. Asks how social systems shape, guide, and direct people's values, beliefs, and behavior. Asks how people, as human actors or agents, perpetuate or shape social systems. Race - ANS-First and foremost a system of social identity. Racism - ANS-The term for thinking and acting as if phenotype and these other capacities are related and imply inferiority or superiority. Socioeconomic Status - ANS-A dirty word among people in the US, who generally believe that any class differences that may exist are of one's own making. Class differences do exist and they document another form of cultural inequality, as well as imperfections in our capitalist economic system. Symbol - ANS-Something verbal or nonverbal that comes to stand for something else. Traditions - ANS-Cultural beliefs and practices so taken for granted that they seem inevitable parts of life. Worldview - ANS-An idea of reality, a concept of nature, of self, of society. Strengths Perspective - ANS-Identifying strengths can change the social worker's view of where to begin and create a hopefulness about the future so that the climate changes from one of despair over an overwhelming multiplicity of problems to an appreciation of how the family meets challenges to the best of its ability. Triangulation - ANS-Occurs when two family members inappropriately involve another family member to reduce the anxiety in the dydadic relationships. Married couple struggling with marital problems, focusing on child's school problems instead to relieve the tension in the marital relationship. Linear Time - ANS-Future time. Cycles - ANS-Reverse direction repetitively; daily, weekly, monthly, seasonally, annually, or in some other regular or partially regular pattern. Trends - ANS-Move in a general direction but are not as invariable as constants. Shifts - ANS-Sudden abrupt changes in direction./ Cognition - ANS-Conscious or preconscious thinking processes- the mental activities of which we are aware or can become aware with probing. Psychology - ANS-Mind and mental processes. Emotion - ANS-A feeling state characterized by our appraisal of a stimulus, by changes in bodily sensations, and by displays of expressive gestures. Affect - ANS-Often used interchangeably with emotion; but refers only to the physiological manifestations of feelings. Unconscious - ANS-Those feelings of which we are not aware but which influence our behavior. Mood - ANS-A feeling disposition that is more stable than emotion, less intense, and less tied to a specific situation. Schema - ANS-An internalized representation of the world or an ingrained ands systematic pattern of thought, action, and problem solving. Emotional Intelligence - ANS-A person's ability to process information about emotions accurately and effectively and consequently to regulate emotions in an optimal manner. It includes self-control, zest and persistence, ability to motivate oneself, ability understand and regulate one's own emotions, and ability to read and deal effectively with other people's feelings.