BTEC Unit 17: Sports Injury Management, Study notes of Teaching method

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BTEC Unit 17: Sports Injury

Management

Lesson 1

Introduction to the unit…

In this unit you will:

A: Understand common sports injuries and their

associated physiological and psychological responses

(assignment 1)

B: Explore common treatment and rehabilitation

methods (Assignment 2)

C: Investigate risk factors which may contribute to

sports injuries and their associated prevention

strategies (assignment 3)

In learning Aim A we need to do the following

1. P1/M1 is what we are going to tackle first.

2. Followed by P2/M

3. Followed by D

(so 3 separate tasks if you will)

Evidence: Power point slides

Have you ever had a sports injury?

• What happened?
• How was it caused?
• How was it treated?
• Any further problems after?

Look away if you’re squeamish!!!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqHhKdDD9ic

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqHhKdDD9ic

What are the different injuries in

sport???

There are two types of injuries…

First task

• You will go through 8

different injuries.

• You will have the notes

printed but highlight or

add additional

notes/links in

• You will then pick your

favourite 5 that you

know the most about

• You will then start a

power point

presentation where you

can write about it

(Don’t worry I will show

you a model on how you

should do this later)

A1: Acute injuries in Sport

Acute injury is a sudden injury that is usually

associated with a traumatic event such as clashing

into another player during sports or a fall from a

bike.

You body undergo changes during this period and

often it is a negative one.

A traumatic impact can cause your bone to crack,

muscles to tear or ligaments to snap.

Bones-Fractures

There are 4 types of bone fractures: -Transverse-they form upright (perpendicular)to the long axis of a bone and are the result of a force applied at a right angle to the bone. -Oblique-are slanted fractures that occur when a force is applied at any angle other than a right angle to the bone. -Spiral-are the result of an extreme twisting force being exerted on a bone. -Comminuted-severe fractures that involve the breaking of a bone into several smaller pieces. Something landing on them (heavy weight)

Articular Cartilage

Cartilage is a rubber-like

padding that covers and

protects the ends of long

bones at the joints.

There are two types of injuries that can occur to Cartilage:

1. Osteochondral- lesions (cuts) can occur in any joint, but are most common in the knee and ankle. Such lesions are a tear or fracture in the cartilage covering one of the bones in a joint. In the knee, such cartilage damage can occur between the femur (thigh bone) and the tibia (shin bone).
2. A meniscal tear-This is one of the most frequently occurring cartilage injuries of the knee. So what is the meniscus? It's a piece of cartilage in your knee that cushions and stabilizes the joint. It protects the bones from wear and tear. But all it takes is a good twist of the knee to tear the meniscus.

Joint injuries

There are two types of injuries that can occur at a joint:

1. A joint dislocation: also called luxation, occurs when there is an abnormal separation in the joint, where two or more bones meet. Dislocations are often caused by sudden trauma on the joint like an impact or fall.
2. Subluxation: This is where there is partial dislocation to a joint. Where it hasn’t fully been removed from its normal position but almost. Can happen from a rugby tackle done wrong or submitting someone in a UFC fight before they tap out (usually before a joint comes out properly as its too painfull) Normal Complete dislocation Subluxation

Before the next two slides…something

important…

Strain OR Sprain, what's the difference?

Ligament sprain/tear

-A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments. -Ligaments are the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in your joints. -Don’t get them confused with tendons (muscle to bone) There are 3 types of sprains: Grade I, II III Ankle joint sprains

Muscle strain/tear

-A muscle strain, or

pulled muscle, occurs when

your muscle is

overstretched or torn.

-This usually occurs as a

result of fatigue, overuse,

or improper use of

a muscle.

-Strains can happen in

any muscle, but they're

most common in your

lower back, neck, shoulder

and hamstring.

-Again there are 3 grades of

strains: Grade I, II, III

Haematoma

When you have a muscle strain and the muscle tears, you can get bleeding. This is known as a haematoma it is different to a bruise (don’t get confused). There are two types of haematoma known as: -Intermuscular -Intramuscular More info on next slide.

This one is worse/harder to treat

Muscle Cramps

-A muscle cramp is a

strong, painful

contraction or

tightening of

a muscle that comes on

suddenly.

-I can last from a few

seconds to several

minutes.

-It often occurs in the

legs.

-Can be caused by

overuse, dehydration

(lack of salt) or an

underlying injury.

Muscles-Acute compartment Syndrome

-Compartment syndrome is a painful and potentially serious condition caused by bleeding or swelling within an enclosed bundle of muscles – known as a muscle compartment. -Each group of muscles in the arms and legs, together with nearby blood vessels and nerves, is contained in a space surrounded by tissue called fascia. -Acute compartment syndrome:

• happens suddenly, usually after a fracture or severe injury
• is a medical emergency and requires urgent treatment
• can lead to permanent muscle damage if not treated quickly Bleeding White line=fasci a

Tendons-partial tears/full tears

-Tendons connect muscles to bones -Lots of fibres bundled up together -They can tear partially or completely -Usually tear in the foot and ankle -Will NOT repair if a grade 3 tear

Achilles tendon tearing

Heals with rest Heals with physio/rest Doesn’t heal, requires surgery

Tendons-Tendinitis x 3 slides

-Tendinitis is inflammation

or irritation of a tendon.

-The condition causes

pain and tenderness just

outside a joint.

-While tendinitis can

occur in any of your

tendons, it's most

common around your

shoulders, elbows, wrists,

knees and heels.

Think of this like uncooked spaghetti, it is meant to be straight and connected. Not like when it is cooked and all wobbly. Tennis Elbow

Tendons-Tendinitis (cont)

!!!MEGA IMPORTANT!!! With this section, its important to remember that you get tendinitis because of underlying conditions: -Tendinosis: is degeneration (breaking down) of the tendon’s collagen (Chemical which makes it strong) in response to chronic overuse -Tendinitis: is the inflammation of the tendon and results from micro-tears -Tendinopothy: A Disease of the tendon The idea is, when there is one of these UNDERLYING ISSUES it can cause an overall tear, so it doesn’t have to just be from a sporting injury.

Tendons-Tendinitis (cont)

There are stages to this type of acute injury, it

may not JUST happen…

Bursa-Traumatic Bursitis

-A Bursa is a fluid-filled sac or sac-like cavity, especially one countering friction at a joint (knee, hip, shoulder, elbow) -Bursitis is inflammation and swelling of a bursa. The main symptoms of bursitis are pain, swelling and tenderness in the affected area. -Traumatic Bursitis is another cause of bursitis is a traumatic injury. Such as landing on your knee and compressing (squashing) the joint

Skin injuries

These are broken down into 4 different categories below:

Skin Injury Abrasions Lacerations Puncture Wounds Contusions What is it? Scraping or wearing away skin A deep cut or tear to the skin Occurs due to something sharp and pointed piercing the skin, can get infected Injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise. How might it happen? -Falling off the bike in the Tour De France TARMAC -Split eyebrow in UFC/Boxing -Wayne Rooney cut in leg from stud Shins of a cyclist when the pedal hits their leg Cricket ball hitting the leg at high speed

Task 1

-Now we have gone through all 8 categories-you need to pick 5

-Write them on a post-it note and show me

-You will now need to start a power point presentation that will have

your chosen 5 ACUTE injuries

-Think of each slide as a poster, with as much information on it as

possible

-I will put a slide up on the next slide to show you how to do this

-I will also create a checklist that you can tick off each time you do a

new slide (To make sure you have everything you need)