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Movement to contact an offensive task designed to develop the situation and establish or regain contact creating favorable conditions for subsequent tactical action; commanders conduct this offensive task when the enemy situation is vague or not specific enough to conduct an attack. Attack an offensive task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both incorporating coordinated movement supported by fires or on occaision by fires alone; they may be either decisive or shaping operations, hastily or deliberately planned amd executed depending on time available and differ from a movement to contact because, in an attack, the commander knows part of the enemy's disposition. Exploitation an offensive task that usually follows the conduct of a successful attack, is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth; seek to disintegrate enemy forces to the point where they have no alternative but surrender or take flight; Pursuit an offensive task designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim of destroying it, normally follows a successful exploitation. However, any offensive task can transition into a pursuit, if enemy resistance has broken down and the enemy is fleeing the battlefield. (FM 3- 90 - 1, paras 1-3 thru 1-8, pgs 1-1 to 1-2) Proficiency in the art of command stems from (select all appropriate responses): a. Years of schooling b. Self-development c. Operational experiences d. Training experiences Breach Unit employs all available means to break through or establish a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification Canalize restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver Disrupt

Commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy's formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause an enemy forces to commit prematurely or attack in piecemeal fashion Fix Commander prevents enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period Turn involves forcing an enemy force from one avenue approach or mobility corridor to another Block denies enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in direction or along an avenue of approach Avenues of approach the air or ground route leading to an objective (or key terrain in its path) that an attacking force can use Defeat occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight The defeated force's commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander's will, and can no longer interfere to a significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. isolate a requires a unit to seal off both physically and psychologically--an enemy from sources of support, deny the enemy freedom of movement, and prevent the isolated enemy force from having contact with other enemy forces. Destroy physically renders the enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted. Neutralize results inrendering the enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation Suppress results in temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapons system below the level needed to accomplish the msn Which are the characteristic of the offense as described in ADRP 3-90? Audacity Concentration Surprise Tempo Support This mechanism involves establishing, reinforcing, or setting the conditions necessary for the other instruments of national power to function effectively; coordinating and cooperating closely with host nation

civilian agencies; and assisting aid organizations as necessary to secure humanitarian access to vulnerable populations; Compel This mechanism means to use, or threaten to use, lethal force to establish control and dominance; effect behavioral change, or enforce compliance with mandates, agreements, or civil authority; Control This meachanism involves establishing public order and safety; securing borders, routes, sensitive sites, population centers, and individuals; and physically occupying key terrain and facilities; Influence This mechanism means altering the opinions and attitudes of the host-nation population through activities, presence, and conduct. (ADRP 3-07, para 4-51, pg 4-9) Processes are a series of actions directed to an end state, such as the military decisionmaking process; Example: Using the Army Design Methodology to develop a problem statement. Procedures are standard, detailed steps, often used by staffs, which describe how to perform specific tasks to achieve the desired end state; Example: Installing a claymore mine in an ambush (ADRP 6-0, para 3-50/51, pg 3-10/11) four general purposes of tactical defensive missions: Protect personnel and equipment. Restrict freedom of movement. Control key terrain. Gain time. Tactical tasks often associated with restricting freedom of movement are: ambush, block, canalize, contain, fix, interdict, and isolate. Ambush attack by fire or other destructive means from concealed positions on a moving or temporarily halted enemy Interdict

commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy's use of an area or route Tactical tasks associated with defense to protect key personnel and equipment camouflage, concealment, cover, and deception (C3D) and information warfare (INFOWAR) measures Concealment protection from observation or surveillance Cover protetion from the effects of fires __________ are often parts of a defense to gain time. Disruption, delays, ambushes, and spoiling attacks The ________ is the functional force charged with execution of the primary defensive mission. It operates in the battle zone to accomplish the purpose of the defense. main defense force The ____________ is the force being kept from detection or destruction by the enemy. It may be in the battle zone or the support zone protected force The ________ conducts activities to prevent or mitigate the effects of hostile actions against the overall command and/or its key components security force Four different types of reserves Maneuver Antitank Antilanding Special reserve normally a force strong enough to respond to unforeseen opportunities and contingencies at the tactical level. antitank reserve (ATR) OPFOR commanders faced with significant armored threats may keep an _____________. It is generally often operates in conjunction with an obstacle detachment (OD)

standard functional organization of a detachment for defense is into four parts: the disruption element, the main defense element, the support element, and the reserve element. Contain requires commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere. Initial IPB identifies gaps in information that the commander uses to establish initial Priority intelligence requirement (PIR)or requests for info True or False The staff develops a broad concept for each COA which is expressed in both narrative and graphic forms and summarizes the contributions of all warfighting functions; this broad concept will eventually provide the framework for the concept of operations True or False The COA sketch must always be drawn on a map to aid in the commander's visualization. The commander and staff conduct mission analysis to better understand the situation and problem, and identify _______ the command must accomplish, _________ and _________ it must be done, and most importantly ________—the purpose of the operation. Specified Answer for: 1 what Specified Answer for: 2 when Specified Answer for: 3 where Specified Answer for: 4 why Select the mission statement that is most doctrinally correct. The mission statement states who (the unit), what (the task), when (either the critical time or on order), where (location), and why (the purpose of the operation). (FM 6-0, para 9-65, pg 9-12). The correct answer is: O/O, 1st BCT attacks to destroy enemy forces located the vicinity of OBJ A to eliminate organized enemy resistance and help reestablish host nation security, civil control and governance in the region; Results of the initial IPB analysis include all of the items below (select all appropriate responses): (FM 6-0, para 9-31, pg 9-8) Terrain products and weather products, Modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO), Likely enemy courses of action (COAs),

High-Value Target List (HVTL), Explanations of how key civil considerations affect the operation Line of Effort (LOE) is a line that links multiple tasks using the logic of purpose rather than geographical reference to focus efforts towards establishing operational and strategic conditions. Line of Operation (LOO) is a line that defines the directional orientation of a force in time and space in relation to the enemy and that links the force with its base of operations and objectives. When preparing a COA sketch, good control measures aide in fostering all of the following except: Imagination and creativity; Good control measure aid in fostering the establishment of responsibilities and limits that prevent subordinate units' actions from impeding one another, coordination and cooperation between forces without unnecessarily restricting freedom of action, and decisionmaking and individual initiative (FM 6-0, para 9-110, pg 9-21) The __________ of a mission statement is always a task. The correct answer is: What (FM 6-0, para 9-65, pg 9-12) Brainstorming is a technique for generating options during the _________ step in the Military Decision Making Process (MDMP). COA Development (FM 6-0, para 9-96, pg 9-19) List the order of the eight process steps as outlined in FM 6-0 that are used during MDMP Step 4 - COA Analysis and War-Gaming Step 1 - Gather the tools, Step 2 - List all friendly forced, Step 3 - List assumptions, Step 4 - List known critical events and decision points, Step 5 - Select the Wargaming Method, Step 6 - Select the technique to record and display results, Step 7 - War-game the operation and display results, and Step 8 - Conduct a war-gaming brief (optional) (FM 6-0, fig 9-6, pg 9-25) envelopment form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives to the enemy rear to destroy the enemy in his current positions. flank attack

form of offensive maneuver directed at the flank of an enemy. It is the right or left side of a military formation and is not oriented toward the enemy. It is usually not as strong in terms of forces or fires as is the front of a military formation. How is flank attack different or similar to envelopment? A flanking attack is similar to an envelopment but generally conducted on a shallower axis. frontal attack form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix a larger enemy force in place over a broad front. It may be necessary to conduct this form of maneuver when assailable flanks do not exist. They are conducted without overwhelming combat power are seldom decisive. infiltration form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage in the enemy rear while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires penetration form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow front. It is used when there is no assailable flank, defenses are overextended and weak spots are detected in the enemy's positions, or time pressures do not permit an envelopment. turning movement form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy's principle defensive positions by seizing objectives to the enemy rear and causing the enemy to move out of his current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat. line of departure A phase line crossed at a prescribed time by troops initiating an offensive operation. limit of advance (LOA) A phase line used to control forward progress of the attack. The attacking unit does not advance any of its elements or assets beyond the limit of advance, but the attacking unit can push its security forces to that limit. line of communications (LOC) A route, either land, water, and/or air, that connects an operating military force with a base of operations and along which supplies and military forces move support by fire A tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force.

attack by fire A tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy force without closing with the enemy to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive that enemy no-fire area An area designated by the appropriate commander into which fires or their effects are prohibited. position area for artillery An area assigned to an artillery unit where individual artillery systems can maneuver to increase their survivability. A position area for artillery is not an area of operations for the artillery unit occupying it release point A location on a route where marching elements are released from centralized attack position The last position an attacking force occupies or passes through before crossing the line of departure. objective The clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every operation is directed. (JP 5-0) See ADRP 5-0. A location on the ground used to orient operations, phase operations, facilitate changes of direction, and provide for unity of effort. Audacity boldly executing a simple plan of action. Commanders display audacity by developing bold, inventive plans that produce decisive results. Commanders demonstrate audacity by violently applying combat power Surprise commanders achieve surprise by attacking the enemy at a time or place the enemy does not expect or in a manner that the enemy is unprepared for. Estimating the enemy commander's intent and denying that commander the ability to gain thorough and timely situational understanding is necessary to achieve surprise. Tempo Controlling or altering tempo is necessary to retain the initiative. At the operational level, a faster tempo allows attackers to disrupt enemy defensive plans by achieving results quicker than the enemy can respond. Concentration massing of overwhelming effects of combat power to achieve a single purpose. Once contact is made with an enemy force, the commander has five options: attack, defend,

bypass, delay, or withdraw. Search and attack and cordon and search are subordinate tasks of movement to contact. True or False Unlike an exploitation, which may focus on seizing key or decisive terrain instead of the enemy force, the pursuit always focuses WHAT? on completing the destruction of fleeing enemy forces by destroying their ability and will to resist. This is seldom accomplished by directly pushing back the hostile forces on their lines of communication (LOCs). frontal pursuit the commander employs only a single force to maintain direct-pressure on the retrograding enemy by conducting operations along the same retrograde routes used by that enemy Reconnaissance Operations Operations to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary. Relies primarily on the human dynamic rather than technical means. Performed before, during, and after other operations to provide information used in the IPB process. Focuses collection effort. Used by the commander in order to formulate, confirm, or modify his COA. Route reconnaissance directed effort to obtain detailed information of a specified route and all terrain from which the enemy could influence movement along that route. Area reconnaissance is a form of reconnaissance that focuses on obtaining detailed information about the terrain or enemy activity within a prescribed area. reconnaissance in force deliberate combat operation designed to discover or test the enemy's strength, dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. Battalion-size task forces or larger organizations usually conduct a reconnaissance in force. Special reconnaissance includes reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance, employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces (JP 3-05). ADRP 3- 90

Zone reconnaissance form of reconnaissance that involves a directed effort to obtain detailed information on all routes, obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a zone defined by boundaries. Reconnaissance Fundamentals Ensure continuous reconnaissance. Do not keep reconnaissance assets in reserve. Orient (focus) on the reconnaissance objective. Report information rapidly and accurately. Retain freedom of maneuver. Gain and maintain enemy. Develop the situation. Exploitation seek to disintegrate enemy forces to the point where they have no alternative but surrender or take flight Division and higher headquarters normally plan this form of attack as branches or sequels to the current operation Difference between flank attack and envelopment The primary difference between a flank attack and an envelopment is one of depth. A flank attack is an envelopment delivered squarely on the enemy's flank. Conversely, an envelopment is an attack delivered beyond the enemy's flank and into the enemy's support areas, but short of the depth associated with a turning movement. FM 3- 90 - 1 penetration If no assailable flank is available, the attacking force creates one through the conduct of a _________. How does Turning Movement differ from Envelopment? A turning movement differs from envelopment because the force conduction a turning movement seeks to make the enemy forces displace from their current location, whereas as an enveloping force seeks to engage the enemy forces in their current locations from an unexpected direction. FM 3- 90 - 1 Support by Fire Maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support to another maneuvering force. Primary objective is normally to FIX and SUPRESS the enemy so he can't effectively fire on the maneuvering force. Attack by Fire Commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect forces, to engage an enemy without closing him to DESTROY, SUPPRESS, FIX, or DECEIVE HIM

Assault Position A covered and concealed position short of the objective, from which final preparations are made to assault the objective. (ADRP 3-90) line of contact (LC) A general trace delineating the locations where friendly and enemy forces are engaged. Characteristics of Defense Include: disruption, flexibility, maneuver, mass and concentration, operations in depth, preparation, and security Disruption methods include: misdirecting or destroying enemy reconnaissance forces, breaking up formations, isolating units, attacking or disrupting systems Maneuver This defense characteristic allows the defender to achieve a position of advantage over the enemy to accomplish the mission. Operations in depth This defense characterstic prevents the enemy from gaining momentum in the attack. Synchronization of decisive, shaping, and sustaining operations facilitates mission success. Area Defense defensive task that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright. The focus of the area defense is on: retaining terrain where the bulk of the defending force positions itself in mutually supporting, prepared positions. Mobile Defense defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking force. focuses on defeating or destroying the enemy by allowing enemy forces to advance to a point where they are exposed to a decisive counterattack by the striking force. striking force

The ___________ is a dedicated counterattack force in a mobile defense constituted with the bulk of available combat power. fixing force The commander uses the _________ to hold attacking enemy forces in position, to help channel attacking enemy forces into ambush areas, and to retain areas from which to launch the striking force. Retirement form of retrograde in which a force out of contact moves away from the enemy. Common Defensive Control Measures

• Battle Positions
• Direct Fire Control Measures
• Disengagement Line
• Fire Support Coordination Measures
• Forward Edge of the Battle Area
• Main Battle Area Commander Who designates the primary battle position? Battle Position defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach depicts the location and general orientation of the majority of the defending force Alternate (battle) position defensive position that the commander assigns to a unit or weapon system for occupation when the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. It covers the same area as the primary position. The commander locates alternate positions so the occupant can continue to fulfill the original task, such as covering the same avenue of approach or engagement area as the primary position. These positions increase the defender's survivability Supplementary (battle) position defensive position located within a unit's assigned area of operations that provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary avenue where the enemy is expected to attack. Subsequent positions position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle. Strong (battle) position heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain Disengagement Line

phase line located on identifiable terrain that, when crossed by the enemy, signals to defending elements that it is time to displace to their next position. The commander uses these lines in the delay and the defense when the commander does not want the defending unit to become decisively engaged. Direct Fire Control measures target reference points, trigger lines, and engagement areas When does a commander establish a perimeter defense?

• when the unit must hold critical terrain, such as a strong point, or when it must defend itself in areas where the defense is not tied in with adjacent units.
• when the unit is operating behind enemy lines, or
• when it is securing an isolated objective, such as a bridge, mountain pass, or airfield
• when it has been bypassed and isolated by the enemy, and it must defend in place, or it is located in the friendly echelon support within the confines of a base or base cluster A mission of delay within the AO implies that ________ is a prime consideration. force integrity What is the difference between DELAY and MOBILE DEFENSE? units conducting a delay normally do not become decisively engaged except to prevent the enemy from prematurely crossing a delay line or to risk a part of the force to prevent the whole delaying force from being jeopardized. A detachment left in contact element left in contact as part of the previously designated (usually rear) security force while the main body conducts its withdrawal. Its primary purpose is to remain behind to deceive the enemy into believing the parent unit is still in position while most of the unit withdraws. Denial operations actions to hinder or deny the enemy the use of space, personnel, supplies, or facilities. (i.e. destroying, removing, and contaminating those supplies and facilities or erecting obstacles) Influence Operations Commanders use these to ensure actions, themes, and messages compliment and reinforce each other to accomplish objectives, they are: [1] Information Related Capabilities assets execute directed tasks [this should be given]

[2] Assess Measures of Effectiveness [3] Conduct Assessment Working Group [4] Receive revised commander guidance [5] Develop IO Target Nominations [6] Conduct Targeting Meeting [7] Receive commander approval of IO targets [8] Produce FRAGO directing IO Activities and Collection Requirements List of the targeting process in sequential order, beginning with initial execution of IO Activities: The Physical Dimension, the Information Dimension, the Cognitive Dimension The Information Environment consists of three dimensions they are: (FM 3-13, para 2-8, pg 2-2) information theme a unifying or dominant idea or image that expresses the purposes for an action message a verbal, written, or electronic communication that supports an information theme focused on an audience (ADRP 6-0, para 3-11, pg 3-4) Warn, Inform, Influence Deceive The Targeting Process contains a listing of standard terms used to describe "Delivery Effects" units/commanders seek to achieve in operations. A commander may choose to use a term form this listing or to use a non-doctrinal term to describe information related effects he desires to achieve; if using an information related term already associated with the process the commander has the following terms to choose from, they are (select all appropriate responses): (FM 3-13) Information Operations (IO)

The integration of designated information-related capabilities in order to synchronize themes, messages, and actions with operations to inform United States and global audiences, influence foreign audiences, and affect adversary and enemy decisionmaking is called: (FM 6-0, pg vii) IO Officer Who has the lead in crafting the commander's guidance into supporting themes and ensuring these themes also support the commander's Lines of Effort (LOE)? Information Environment The aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information describes which of the following: (FM 3-13, para 2-7, pg 2-3) Battle Position defensive location oriented on a likely enemy avenue of approach; depicts the location and general orientation of the majority of the defending force Primary Position position that covers the enemy's most likely avenue of approach into the area of operations. It is the best position from which to accomplish the assigned mission, such as cover an engagement area to prevent enemy penetration. Alternate Position defensive position that the commander assigns to a unit or weapon system for occupation when the primary position becomes untenable or unsuitable for carrying out the assigned task. It covers the same area as the primary position. The commander locates alternate positions so the occupant can continue to fulfill the original task, such as covering the same avenue of approach or engagement area as the primary position. These positions increase the defender's survivability. Supplementary Position defensive position located within a unit's assigned area of operations that provides the best sectors of fire and defensive terrain along an avenue of approach that is not the primary avenue where the enemy is expected to attack. For example, an avenue of approach into a unit's area of operations from one of its flanks normally requires establishing supplementary positions to allow a unit or weapon system to engage enemy forces traveling along that avenue. Subsequent Position position that a unit expects to move to during the course of battle. A defending unit may have a series of subsequent positions. Subsequent positions can also have primary, alternate, and supplementary positions associated with them.

Strong Point heavily fortified battle position tied to a natural or reinforcing obstacle to create an anchor for the defense or to deny the enemy decisive or key terrain