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CAC Addiction Counselor questions correctly answered already passed
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Adlerian Therapy - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on the patient's ability to control his destiny by setting goals and exhibiting purposeful behaviors Adlerian Therapy - correct answer ✔✔Uses fictional finalism as an imagined central goal that gives us purpose and guides our behavior Phenomenology - correct answer ✔✔A counselor attempts to view the world from the same frame of reference as the patient Behavioral Therapy - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on modifying patient's learned behaviors that are negatively affecting his life Classical conditioning - correct answer ✔✔A model of behavioral therapy developed by Pavlov, where a response to a stimuli can be elicited over time by association with a related stimulus Operant conditioning - correct answer ✔✔Developed by BF Skinner; behavior is reinforced and learned based on consequences of behavior Modeling - correct answer ✔✔Developed by Albert Bandura, where a behavior is learned by observing the consequences of someone else's experiences Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - correct answer ✔✔Developed by Aaron Beck originally as a short-term treatment for depression; self-defeating thoughts, emotions and behaviors cause dysfunction and are taught to be recognized and replaced. Gestalt Therapy - correct answer ✔✔Developed by Fritz Perls, a method where the patient gains awareness of what he is currently experiencing and learns personal responsibility for his thoughts, emotions and behaviors
Focuses primarily on understanding how one behaves, rather than why. Process-oriented, unfinished business. Motivational Enhancement Therapy - correct answer ✔✔A therapeutic approach that addresses ambivalence and helps clients consider the advantages and disadvantages of continuing substance use Based on the Stages of Change model Person-Centered Therapy - correct answer ✔✔A humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist creates an accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the client's growth Congruence - correct answer ✔✔The ability to match external behavior and expression with internal feelings and thoughts Unconditional Positive Regard - correct answer ✔✔A caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, conducive to developing self-awareness and self-acceptance Pharmacotherapy - correct answer ✔✔The use of medically prescribed psychoactive chemicals to treat psychiatric and behavioral conditions Sensitizers - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacotherapies that cause unpleasant effects if certain psychoactive chemicals are taken in conjunction with it Antagonists - correct answer ✔✔Pharmacotherapies that block the effects of certain drugs to either prevent overdose or as a treatment approach for maintaining sobriety Psychoanalytical Therapy - correct answer ✔✔A long-term process that tries to reach a patient's unconscious and bring repressed thoughts (such as pain and grief) to the surface with the help of free association. Deterministic - correct answer ✔✔A philosophy based on the idea that human behavior is largely influenced by internal, unconscious drives
Defense mechanism - correct answer ✔✔A technique used by the ego when a conflict between the id and the superego causes anxiety Sublimation - correct answer ✔✔A defense mechanism that involves redirecting maladaptive behavior into socially acceptable behavior Rationalization - correct answer ✔✔A defense mechanism that involves hiding the true reasoning behind a behavior or feeling, but in a self-serving way with incorrect explanations Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy - correct answer ✔✔A method of counseling that focuses on changing the problem beliefs of a client; developed by Albert Ellis. Events do not disturb people, but rather the view they take of the events. Uses the ABC model - activating event, belief and consequence - to identify irrational thoughts and replace them with rational ones. Reality/Control Therapy - correct answer ✔✔A method of counseling which focuses on how a patient perceives the external world, and the behaviors he uses to fit those perceptions and needs. Goal of therapy is to develop a success identity, where a person feels he has self-worth, is powerful and is able to love and be loved. Stresses that four components guide our functioning: doing, thinking, feeling and physiology. Solution-Focused Therapy - correct answer ✔✔This method of counseling focuses on the problem, not the individual, and uses positive attributes of the client and past successes to bring about change. Utilization - correct answer ✔✔A component of solution-focused therapy where the counselor uses previous successes to motivate change. Family Systems Counseling - correct answer ✔✔A method of counseling based on the fact that when an individual develops a psychoactive chemical addiction, it affects all of the person's social systems. Treatment of the dependent person should incorporate the entire family to account for the multiple relationships that addiction affects.
Bowenian Family Therapy - correct answer ✔✔Multi-generational transmission of problems that need to be addressed as a family unit. A family operates with fusion - entanglement and enmeshment - or differentiation - autonomy. Codependence - correct answer ✔✔Maladaptive behaviors learned by a person in order to survive in a family which is experiencing emotional stress. Denial and enmeshment are primary. Physiological Dependence - correct answer ✔✔The adaptive state of brain and body processes that occurs with regular administration of a psychoactive chemical and results in withdrawal if use stops Cross tolerance - correct answer ✔✔The ability of pharmacologically similar psychoactive chemicals to substitute for one another and prevent withdrawal from occurring Post-Acute Withdrawal - correct answer ✔✔Symptoms which can last for weeks or months after acute withdrawal has ended; have been shown to occur with sedatives, narcotics, cocaine and alcohol. Abuse Liability - correct answer ✔✔The level of risk associated with a psychoactive chemical that potentially leads to repeated use and/or addiction Schedule I Drug - correct answer ✔✔This schedule of drug has a high abuse potential, no accepted medical uses and may lead to severe dependence. Examples include heroin, LSD, marijuana cannabis, ecstasy, methaqualone, and peyote Schedule II Drug - correct answer ✔✔This schedule of drug has a high abuse potential, some accepted medical uses with severe restrictions and may lead to severe dependence. Examples include Vicodin, cocaine, methamphetamine, methadone, hydromorphone (Dilaudid), meperidine (Demerol), oxycodone (OxyContin), fentanyl, Dexedrine, Adderall, and Ritalin Schedule III Drug - correct answer ✔✔This schedule of drug has a moderate abuse potential, accepted medical uses and may lead to moderate or low physical dependence and high psychological dependence. Examples include Tylenol with codeine, ketamine, anabolic steroids, testosterone Metabolites - correct answer ✔✔The by-products from the liver breaking down a psychoactive chemical that can be eliminated from the body
Limbic system - correct answer ✔✔The part of the central nervous system that is responsible for emotion, memory and drive Dopamine - correct answer ✔✔Neurotransmitters: An inhibitory neurotransmitter associated with movement, attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system Serotonin - correct answer ✔✔Neurotransmitters: A neurotransmitter that affects hunger, sleep, arousal, and mood Agonist - correct answer ✔✔A chemical that mimics or facilitates the actions of a neurotransmitter CNS Depressant - correct answer ✔✔A group of psychoactive chemicals that work by slowing basic physiological functions such as breathing, motor coordination, mental awareness and heart rate Potentiation - correct answer ✔✔Substances taken together work synergistically to produce an effect greater than expected Habituation - correct answer ✔✔The repetition of certain behaviors until they are established in daily life, such as taking a daily, therapeutic dose of a prescribed medication. Stage 1 Alcohol Withdrawal - correct answer ✔✔Occurring about 8 hours after use, peaking in 24- hours, characterized by tremors, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, disorientation and increased blood pressure and heart rate. Stage 2 Alcohol Withdrawal - correct answer ✔✔Characterized by items seeming distorted or unreal as well as auditory or visual hallucinations Stage 3 Alcohol Withdrawal - correct answer ✔✔Characterized by Grand Mal seizures occurring between 7 and 48 hours after use Stage 4 Alcohol Withdrawal - correct answer ✔✔Characterized by delirium tremens (DTs), this is marked by profound confusion, delusions, vivid hallucinations, fever and profuse perspiration
Benzodiazepine - correct answer ✔✔A Schedule IV psychoactive chemical used primarily as an anti- anxiety or sleeping aid. These drugs work by activating GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits activity in the limbic system. CNS Stimulant - correct answer ✔✔A group of psychoactive chemicals that primarily work by producing an arousal of the central nervous system, increasing alertness, excitation and euphoria Reverse tolerance - correct answer ✔✔Occurs when a psychoactive chemical produces an enhanced response to a smaller dose than the original Narcotics - correct answer ✔✔Naturally occurring psychoactive chemicals that are derived from the opium poppy, or psychoactive chemicals designed to mimic the properties of opium derivatives. Natural Narcotics - correct answer ✔✔Examples include Codeine, Opium, Morphine Synthetic Narcotics - correct answer ✔✔Examples include Methadone, Fentanyl, Demerol Methadone - correct answer ✔✔A synthetic narcotic mainly used as a replacement therapy for heroin dependence Hallucinogen - correct answer ✔✔A psychoactive chemical that alters perceptions, thoughts and feelings. Most drugs in this category do not cause physical dependence and do not produce withdrawal symptoms MDMA Ecstasy - correct answer ✔✔First introduced in the U.S. as an appetite suppressant, this is a synthetic chemical often described as a mix between amphetamine and LSD Long-term use of this drug can cause Parkinson's-like symptoms Volatile solvents - correct answer ✔✔Commonly found in industrial solutions and aerosol sprays; inhaled to achieve a quick high Most commonly used by 10 - 20 year olds
Volatile nitrates - correct answer ✔✔Gases that are primarily used as sexual performance enhancers, nicknamed "poppers" Anesthetics - correct answer ✔✔The oldest abused inhalant in the U.S., commonly purchased in tiny, portable tubes called "whippets" Huffing - correct answer ✔✔A way to administer solvents and inhalants that involves soaking a rag with the liquid and orally breathing in the chemical Bagging - correct answer ✔✔A way to administer solvents and inhalants that involves transferring the chemical to a plastic or paper bag, placing the bag over the nose and mouth and breathing. The most danger method of administration for these drugs. Anabolic Steroids - correct answer ✔✔A Schedule III drug that is a combination of synthetic and natural drugs intended to imitate androgens to build muscle Stacking - correct answer ✔✔A pattern of abusing anabolic steroids where the user consumes several types at once Cycling - correct answer ✔✔A pattern of abusing anabolic steroids where the user consumes different types of the drug in sequence, one at a time Psychotropics - correct answer ✔✔Prescription drugs designed to treat mental illness. The two main categories of these drugs are antidepressants and antipsychotics. Evaluation - correct answer ✔✔A systematic process in which a patient becomes known to the counselor and the program through two separate phases - screening and assessment Screening - correct answer ✔✔A process used to determine if a patient is appropriate for that specific facility
Assessment - correct answer ✔✔A process where the patient is interviewed extensively to determine the most effective treatment plan after he is admitted into counseling. Treatment plan - correct answer ✔✔An individual outline for treatment developed after evaluation and constantly monitored for effectiveness Elements of a Treatment Plan - correct answer ✔✔A problem statement that clearly identifies the issue A goal statement that represents the end-product Measurable objectives that the patient can take to reach his/her goals Strategies such as theories, techniques and assignments the counselor will use to help the patient reach goalsR Referral - correct answer ✔✔The process of seeking assistance for an issue or circumstance of a patient that is beyond the scope of the primary treatment facility Service Coordination - correct answer ✔✔The collaboration between the patient, the primary treatment facility and other involved agencies. Includes case management, patient advocacy and liaison activities with community resources Gorski's Developmental Model of Recovery - correct answer ✔✔Six stages including transition, stabilization, early recovery, middle recovery, late recovery and maintenance Continuing Care Plan - correct answer ✔✔A written, individual outline of how the client will continue to receive support and services necessary to maintain recovery Immediacy - correct answer ✔✔One of the five key traits of effective counselors, this trait involves staying focused on the issue at hand, attending to what is important to the client and being able to adjust easily to changing topics Genuineness - correct answer ✔✔One of the five key traits of effective counselors, this trait involves having a strong interest in helping others, being yourself, showing external behavior that is congruent with internal feelings
Warmth - correct answer ✔✔One of the five key traits of effective counselors, this trait involves empathy, understanding, acceptance and less confrontation Personal Ability - correct answer ✔✔One of the five key traits of effective counselors, this trait involves having sound psychological health, a high level of competence and a sense of self-awareness Positive Regard/Respect - correct answer ✔✔One of the five key traits of effective counselors, this trait involves suspending judgment, being open-minded and objective, showing sensitivity and being trustworthy Clarification - correct answer ✔✔The purpose of this counseling technique is to ensure accuracy and understanding - "Are you saying...?" "Please explain..." Paraphrasing - correct answer ✔✔The purpose of this counseling technique is to listen for content and affect, to let the client know you understand what he is communicating and restating the client's primary words and emotions Reflection - correct answer ✔✔The purpose of this counseling technique is to identify the feelings of the client and repeat them back to him for the purpose of encouraging the client to express and explore more feelings Summarization - correct answer ✔✔The purpose of this counseling technique is to tie together multiple elements or themes in the client's various messages Confrontation - correct answer ✔✔The purpose of this counseling technique is to point out discrepancies and mixed messages in the client's thoughts, feelings and actions Interpretation - correct answer ✔✔The purpose of this counseling technique is to provide clients with an opportunity to take a fresh look at themselves and to examine alternative explanations for his thoughts, attitudes and beliefs Transference - correct answer ✔✔This process occurs when a client projects onto the counselor his or her own feelings and attitudes towards significant others in his/her life
Countertransference - correct answer ✔✔This process occurs when the counselor projects onto the client his or her own past feelings and attitudes towards significant others Code of Ethics Principle: Non-Discrimination - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with treating individuals with impartiality and objectivity and not imposing personal values on clients, regardless of the clients' age, gender, sexual orientation, race, religion, etc. Code of Ethics Principle: Patient Welfare - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with safeguarding the confidentiality of clients, providing the client his rights regarding confidentiality, avoidance of enabling behaviors and providing services to the patient without regard to whether they are paying full or reduced fees Code of Ethics Principle: Patient Relationship - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with respecting the right of self-determination, being open about effectiveness and cost of services and keeping the patient informed about professional relationships Informed consent - correct answer ✔✔The professional is obligated to advise the client of all specifics involved in services, including: The type of treatment services to be delivered The professional who will be delivering the services An approximation of the number of services to be delivered Where the services will take place The length of time of treatment Costs incurred by the client Code of Ethics Principle: Trustworthiness - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with not misrepresenting one's credentials or experience, making no unsubstantiated claims, understanding the effects of impairment on professional performance, giving proper credit Code of Ethics Principle: Compliance with the Law - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with being aware of regulations that are relevant both personally and professionally and accepting the penalties for justified civil disobedience
Code of Ethics Principle: Rights and Duties - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with safeguarding natural and consensual rights, actively engaging in the legislative and educational processes to help those whose lives are affected by substance use and duties to protect/help those who are abused, neglected or exploited Code of Ethics Principle: Dual Relationships - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with avoiding taking advantage of individuals who are vulnerable and exploitable, avoiding engaging in professional relationships with friends, family members, etc,, avoiding sexual behavior with past or current clients and avoiding accepting gifts from clients, other treatment organizations or providers of materials/services used in my practice Code of Ethics Principle: Preventing Harm - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with considering whether my actions have the potential to cause physical, psychological, financial, legal or spiritual harm; terminating a client relationship when the client is not benefitting from the relationship; protecting individuals, institutions and the profession from harm that might be done by others Code of Ethics Principle: Duty of Care - correct answer ✔✔This principle in the code of ethics deals with maintaining a working/therapeutic environment, respecting the rights of others to hold different opinions, values or beliefs, maintaining competence through continuing education and avoid practicing in any area outside my competence Intensified use - correct answer ✔✔Refers to use of chemicals on a daily or almost daily basis, but in low amounts; typically to alleviate some problem or boost performance Circumstantial use - correct answer ✔✔Refers to chemical use for a particular effect in a particular situation, such as truck drivers using stimulants to stay awake when driving for long periods Taxonomy of Pathology - correct answer ✔✔The classification of problems into Axis I and Axis II disorders Axis I disorders - correct answer ✔✔These disorders include major mental disorders, developmental disorders and learning disabilities
Axis II disorders - correct answer ✔✔These disorders include personality disorders and mental retardation Acculturated - correct answer ✔✔An individual who mainly identifies with the norms of the dominant culture Bi-Cultural - correct answer ✔✔An individual who is proud of his ethnic group but largely identifies with the dominant culture Culturally Immersed - correct answer ✔✔A member of a minority group who has rejected the dominant culture's values - often seen as militant. Traditional-Interpersonal - correct answer ✔✔Neither overtly accepting or rejecting of their cultural identity Multimodality - correct answer ✔✔Treatment that is a combination of several methods. Treatment programs which combine detox, psychotherapy and group support Interdisciplinary Approach - correct answer ✔✔A training process based on using more than one approach to direct or change behavior Sequential Treatment - correct answer ✔✔When treating dual disorders, this is the process of treating one disorder followed by the second disorder Parallel Treatment - correct answer ✔✔When treating dual disorders, this is the process of treating both disorders at the same time Integrated Treatment - correct answer ✔✔When treating dual disorders, this involves one program treating both disorders Stressors: external factors - correct answer ✔✔Examples include death of a loved one, loss of a job, natural disaster or any other extreme loss
Stressors: internal distress - correct answer ✔✔Examples include depression, hopelessness, suicidal thoughts, post-traumatic stress, bad drug reactions Stressors: transitional states - correct answer ✔✔Examples include moving to a new location, arrival of a new family member, retirement or a family member who is gone Compulsive use - correct answer ✔✔Refers to use of chemicals on a daily basis, large quantities of chemical are used and the purpose is to obtain a desired effect Schedule IV Drugs - correct answer ✔✔Drugs with a low potential for abuse and low risk of dependence. Some examples are: Xanax, Soma, Darvon, Darvocet, Valium, Ativan, Talwin, Ambien, Tramadol Schedule V Drugs - correct answer ✔✔Drugs with lower potential for abuse than Schedule IV and consist of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics. These are generally used for antidiarrheal, antitussive, and analgesic purposes. Some examples are: Robitussin AC, Lomotil, Motofen, Lyrica Dependent Delusional System - correct answer ✔✔The way a person protects himself from the realization of his dependency on drugs. Memory and recall are one part of this system, and denial is the other. Binge Drinking - correct answer ✔✔Consuming 5 or more alcoholic drinks on the same occasion on at least 1 day in the past 30 days. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines it as a pattern of drinking that produces a BAC of greater than 0.08. Heavy Drinking - correct answer ✔✔Consuming 5 or more drinks on the same occasion on each of 5 or more days in the past 30 days. Elements of the Disease Model of Addiction - correct answer ✔✔Addiction is a biopsychosocial disease Genetic predisposition has been proven Tolerance to drugs is built up
Psychological addiction occurs before physiological addiction Psychological addiction is present long after detoxification Elements of Psychological Addiction - correct answer ✔✔Psychological primacy: the need to get drugs is most important Self-doubt: cannot function without the drugs Relationship to the drug: life is not worthwhile without it Inability to abstain: cravings, preoccupation Inability to control amount used Hypothalamus - correct answer ✔✔The prime site of action in the brain of many of the psychoactive drugs. Its function is to maintain homeostasis by regulating body activities. Alcoholism - correct answer ✔✔The third leading cause of death in our society, behind cancer and heart disease Meperidine (trade name Demerol) - correct answer ✔✔The first synthetic narcotic ever produced, it is the most commonly reported drug of abuse among medical professionals LAAM (Levo-Alpha Acetyl Methadol) - correct answer ✔✔A medication therapy for individuals addicted to opiates that provides an alternative to methadone - the advantage is that it's administered only 3x/week Amotivational Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔A pattern of personality changes observed in some daily marijuana users, characterized by apathy, lack of concern for the future and loss of motivation Designer drugs (or analogs) - correct answer ✔✔Synthetic substances which are similar to illegal street drugs but are manufactured to produce greater effects MDMA - correct answer ✔✔A designer drug that is a combination of amphetamine and mescaline Validity - correct answer ✔✔When an assessment instrument measures what it says it measures
Reliability - correct answer ✔✔When an assessment instrument consistently provides the same results Collateral Interview - correct answer ✔✔The process of gathering information from other people who are or have been associated with the person being treated, such as family members, teachers, employers Process evaluation - correct answer ✔✔A way to determine whether appropriate assessment and treatment procedures were used Outcome evaluation - correct answer ✔✔A way to examine whether the client benefitted from the assessment and treatment Attending - correct answer ✔✔Demonstration of the counselor's concern for and interest in the client by eye contact, body posture and accurate verbal following - letting the client know that he is really being heard Case Management - correct answer ✔✔Activities which bring services, agencies, resources or people together within a planned framework of action toward the achievement of established goals. The coordination of individuals and services to assist the client in obtaining treatment plan goals. Report and Recordkeeping - correct answer ✔✔Charting the results of the assessment and treatment plan and writing reports, progress notes, discharge summaries and other client-related data Consultation - correct answer ✔✔Relating with our own and other professionals to assure comprehensive, quality care for the client. The most common form is in-house staffing where cases are reviewed with a treatment team. Intake - correct answer ✔✔The administrative and initial procedures for admission to a program. Much of this process involves completion of forms - releases of information, financial data, sign consent for tx, assign primary counselor Orientation - correct answer ✔✔The process in which the client is informed of the general nature and goals of the program, the rules of conduct, client rights and treatment costs
Pharmacodynamics - correct answer ✔✔The study of how drugs interact in the human body Pharmacology - correct answer ✔✔The study of the properties and effects of medications Motivational Interviewing - correct answer ✔✔A brief counseling intervention designed to reduce a client's ambivalence toward change while increasing his or her motivation to engage in the behavior- change process AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) - correct answer ✔✔The 10 items on this instrument developed by the World Health Organization ask about frequency of drinking and problems caused by alcohol. Scores range from 0 to 40, with a score of 8 or higher indicating the likelihood of harmful alcohol consumption. MAST (Michigan Alcohol Screening Test) - correct answer ✔✔This instrument requires yes/no answers to 25 questions. Scores indicate the absence of alcohol dependence (0 to 3), possible substance dependence (4), or likely alcohol dependence (5 or higher). Affect - correct answer ✔✔The external expression of an internal emotional state. Repression - correct answer ✔✔The involuntary removal of threatening thoughts, experiences, and feelings from our consciousness. Primary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔Intended mainly for the young who have little or no experience with drugs, this approach tries to anticipate and prevent initial drug use Secondary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔Seeks to stop the experimental, social/recreational, and habitual use and abuse from turning into addiction by acting when the symptoms are first recognized. Incorporates intervention, education, and skill building to provide skills to avoid future use and promote abstinence.
Tertiary Prevention - correct answer ✔✔Focuses on stopping the progressive damage of drug use and assisting drug abusers back to a healthier state. Incorporates group intervention as a means to get people into treatment that includes detoxification, abstinence, and recovery Potency - correct answer ✔✔The amount of a drug necessary to produce the desired effect. Antagonistic interaction - correct answer ✔✔When two or more drugs are used at the same time, and the results are less than the sum of the actions of the drugs or the drugs cancel out the effects of each other Additive interaction - correct answer ✔✔When two or more drugs are used at the same time and the results are equal to the sum of the actions of the drugs used. Synergistic interaction - correct answer ✔✔When two or more drugs are used at the same time, and the results are greater than the sum of the actions of the drugs used. Abuse Potential - correct answer ✔✔Determined by the drug's speed of action and how long the effects last. Ethics - correct answer ✔✔The rules of conduct recognized in a particular profession, the shared standards of what is good practice. 42 CFR - correct answer ✔✔A regulation that applies specifically to information that can be used to identify a person as an alcohol or drug abuser, or the recipient of a substance related diagnosis, referral, or treatment. Privilege - correct answer ✔✔A legal concept that refers to a client's right to keep confidential information out of legal proceedings. Forming (Dependency or Orientation) Power Struggle (Storming) Cooperation (Integration or Norming)
Performing or Working Closure - correct answer ✔✔The stages of group development Symptoms of Substance Abuse - correct answer ✔✔Recurrent substance use resulting in a failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous Recurrent substance-related legal problems Continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance