CADC Study Guide questions with correct answers, Exams of Psychology

Download CADC Study Guide questions with correct answers and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! CADC Study Guide questions with correct answers Stages of Change Correct Answer-1. Pre-contemplation 2. Contemplation 3. Preparation 4. Action 5. Maintenance Intensive Outpatient Treatment (IOP) Correct Answer-- Most structured setting within OP TX. - At least 9-70hrs of TX weekly. - Clts receive psychosocial and substance abuse assessment. - Services may include: groups, relapse prevention, individual, family, vocational training. ASAM LEVEL 1 Correct Answer-Outpatient TX ASAM LEVEL 2 Correct Answer-Intensive Outpatient/Partial Hospitalization Orientation Correct Answer-Involves describing the general nature, rules and goals of program to clt. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Correct Answer-Began in 1935 by Bill W. and Dr.Bob as a fellowship for those who wanted to stop drinking. Immediacy Correct Answer-Is the ability to focus on the "here and now" relationship with another person. This technique focuses on reality and is very effective at keeping the counseling process moving forward. ASAM LEVEL 3 Correct Answer-Residential/Inpatient TX ASAM Criteria Correct Answer-Most current set of national clinical guidelines to improve multidimensional assessments and outcome-driven TX and recovery. It used to match patients to appropriate types and levels of care. Screening Correct Answer-The process where the counselor reviews clts current situation, symptoms and other available information to determine the most appropriate initial course of action. Medication-Assisted TXs Correct Answer-Are evidence-based practices that combine pharmacological interventions w/ counseling, behavioral therapies, and social support to treat substance abuse disorders. Blended Model Correct Answer-Attempts to consider elements of all other models in developing a therapeutic approach to dependency. It holds that the mechanism of dependency is different for different individuals and that each case must be considered on it's own merits. ASAM LEVEL 0.5 Correct Answer-Early Intervention Self-Disclosure Correct Answer-Is the ability to disclose information about oneself, including ways one thinks and feels. Genetic Model Correct Answer-Based on the belief that individuals have a genetic predisposition to certain behaviors. HIPPAs Privacy Protection Correct Answer-- Receive a copy of their record. - Request to have any mistakes corrected. - Receive a notice about how their health information is used and shared. - Specify how and where they want to be contacted by the service provider. - File a complaint if they think any of these rights have been violated. Prevent it. Correct Answer-The best way to handle a crisis situation. Verbal de-escalation Correct Answer-Is aimed at meeting the agitated person's immediate needs, and calming the situation so that it does not escalate. Crisis intervention Correct Answer-Is a process where a response team or individual identities, assesses and intervenes with the person in crisis to return the person to their prior level of functioning as quickly as possible and to lessen any negative impact. Crisis intervention steps Correct Answer-- Assessing the severity of the crisis. - Forming a connection. - Exploring the problem. - Dealing with feelings and emotions. - Generating alternative solutions. - Development of an action plan. Relapse Correct Answer-Is a setback that occurs during the behavior change process, such that progress toward the initiation of maintenance of a behavioral change goal is interrupted by a reversion to the target behavior. 3 key points of relapse Correct Answer-1. Relapse is common following tx for addiction. 2. Relapse is reasonably predictable. 3. Relapse is preventable. Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT) Correct Answer-Is a behavioral self-control program that teaches individuals with substance addiction how to anticipate and cope with the potential for relapse. Recovery Correct Answer-Is a process of change through which an individual achieves abstinence, as well as approved health, wellness and qualify of life. Peer-based recovery Correct Answer-Is the process of giving and receiving nonprofessional, non-clinical assistance to achieve long-term recovery from substances. Is provided by people who are experientially credentialed to assist others in initiating recovery, maintain recovery, and enhancing the quality of personal and family life. Controlled Substances Act of 1970 Correct Answer-Was enacted to limit the availability, use, and abuse of psychoactive substances. The major neurotransmitters are Correct Answer-- Endorphines - Dopamine - Serotonin - GABA - Glutamate - Acetylcholine - Norepinephrine - Anandamide - Substance P Polydrug Abuse Correct Answer-Taking additional drugs to inhance the effect of their primary drug, to counteract unwanted side effects, as a substitute for an unavailable drug or for a number of other reasons. 6 Levels of Use Correct Answer-1. Abstinence 2. Experimentation 3. Social/recreational use 4. Habituation 5. Abuse 6. Addiction The Hallmarks of Addiction Correct Answer-- A loss of control over use. - A compulsion to use. - Cravings to use. - Continued use despite adverse consequences. Addictive Disease Model (Medical Model) Correct Answer-Model that says that addiction is a chronic, progressive, relapsing, incurable, and potentially fatal condition that is mostly the consequence of genetic irregularities. Behavorial/Environmental Model Correct Answer-Model that says that certain environmental factors can change brain chemistry. Calm the individual. Correct Answer-Sedative means the drug effect is to _______ an individual. Narcan (Nalaxone) Correct Answer-Is the drug most often used by paramedics to reverse a heroin overdose. Alcohol Correct Answer-Natural by-product of fermented plant sugars or starches, is the oldest psychoactive drug in the world. Opiates/Opioids Correct Answer-Are the oldest and best-documented group of drugs (besides alcohol). Are the principal drugs used to treat pain, diarrhea, and cough as well as to induce euphoria, subdue emotional pain and suppress opioid withdrawal symptoms. Mu Receptors Correct Answer-Receptors that block pain transmission, trigger the reward/reinforcement pathway, and depress the autonomic nervous system, including respiration, blood pressure and purple constriction. Delta Receptors Correct Answer-Receptors that produce some analgesia by fewer than mu receptors. Kappa Receptors Correct Answer-Receptors that control pain at the spinal cord level and induce nausea and dysphoria rather than euphoria. They can also induce some psychedelic effects. Niciceptin Receptors Correct Answer-Receptors that are in involved with most somatic and visceral pain modulated by substance P. Is solved, along with the mu receptor, in the reward aspect of several drugs of abuse and is therefore the target for developing new medication to treat pain and drug abuse. Accute withdrawal Correct Answer-Occurs when tissue dependence has developed after chronic use and the person suddenly stops using. Protracted withdrawal (Extended withdrawal symptoms) Correct Answer-Lasts for weeks or months once abstinence has begun. Short-Acting Opioids Correct Answer-2-3 hour opioids that result in more acute withdrawal symptoms beginning 8-12 hours after cessation of chronic use, reaching peak intensity within 48 hours and then subsiding over a period of 5-7 days. (i.e., heroin, morphine, hydromorphone) Long-Acting Opioids Correct Answer-Opioids that activate withdrawal symptoms within 36-72 hours; symptoms reach peak intensity in 4-6 days and persist for 14 days or more. (i.e., methadone, LAAM) Sedatives Correct Answer-or "minor tranquilizers" are calming drugs. Hypnotics Correct Answer-are sleep inducers. Long-Acting Barbiturates Correct Answer-Last 12-24 hours and are used mostly as daytime sedatives or to control epileptic seizures. (i.e., phenobarbital) Intermediate-Acting Barbiturates Correct Answer-Are used as longer-acting sedatives and last 6-12 hours. (i.e., butabarbital (butisol) Short-Acting Compounds Correct Answer-Last 3-6 hours and are used to induce sleep. Can cause pleasant feelings along with the sedation, so they are more likely to be abused. (i.e., butalbital) Very Short-Acting Barbiturates Correct Answer-Are used for anesthesia because they cause immediate unconsciousness. The high potency of these makes them extremely dangerous when abused. (i.e., Pentothal) Pregabalin (Lyrica) Correct Answer-Is FDA approved to treat seizures as well as nerve pain from shingles or diabetes. It modulates calcium ion influx in hyper excited neurons which results in a decrease in the release of neurotransmitters. Has been used for the tx of generalized anxiety disorder. Has a mild potential for abuse and dependence. Classed as a Schedule V drug. (A sedative-hypnotic) Ramelteon (Rozerem) Correct Answer-This medication represents a new approach to treating insomnia. It has the ability to directly activate the brain's melatonin receptors. Usually recommended for short-term tx of sleep disorders. Abuse and dependence is not associated this this drug. Should not be used with alcohol as it will have synergistic toxic effects. (A sedative-hypnotic) Eszopiclone (Lunesta) Correct Answer-This drug is a hypnotic agent prescribed for insomnia. It affects GABA and the benzodiazepine receptor complex that augments the effects of GABA. Has an addictive effect with taken with benzos and barbiturates. Synergism Correct Answer-Occurs when two or more drugs interact in a way that magnifies their effects or side effects. Cross-Tolerance Correct Answer-Is the development of tolerance to other drugs by the continued exposure and developmental of tolerance to the initial drug. Cross-Dependence Correct Answer-Occurs when an individual becomes addicted to or is tissue dependent on one drug and has an addictive reaction to another drug. LSD stands for Correct Answer-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide sensory pathways Correct Answer-Psychedelics overload the ______, making the using acutely aware of every sensation. Downers Correct Answer-They depress circulatory, respiratory and muscular systems; control pain, reduce anxiety, promote sleep, and lower inhibitions, more prolonged highs. Anabolic Steroids Correct Answer-Are used to enhance athletic performance by increasing endurance, muscle size, and aggression. Psychiatric medications Correct Answer-Are prescribed to rebalance the brain chemistry. Inhalants (deliriants) Correct Answer-Are gaseous or liquid substances that are inhaled and absorbed through the lungs. Step 1 Correct Answer-We admitted we were powerless over alcohol and that our lives had become unmanageable. Step 2 Correct Answer-Came to believe that a power greater than ourselves could restore us to sanity. Step 3 Correct Answer-Made a decision to turn our will and our lives over to the care of God as we understood him. Step 4 Correct Answer-Made a searching and fearless moral inventory of ourselves. Step 5 Correct Answer-Admitted to God, to ourselves, and to another human being the exact nature of our wrongs. Step 6 Correct Answer-We're entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character. Step 7 Correct Answer-Humbly ask him to remove our shortcomings. Step 8 Correct Answer-Made a list of all persons we had harmed and became willing to make amends to them all. Step 9 Correct Answer-Made direct amends to such people wherever possible, except when to do so would injure them or others. Step 10 Correct Answer-Continued to take personal inventory and when we were wrong promptly admitted it. Step 11 Correct Answer-Sought through prayer and meditation to improve our conscious contact with God as we understood him, praying only for knowledge of his will for us and the power to carry that out. Step 12 Correct Answer-Having had a spiritual awakening as a result of these steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics and to practice these principles in all our affairs. Volatile solvents and aerosols Correct Answer-Are synthesized from petroleum and combined with other chemicals. Are found in glues, gasoline, and nail polish remover, among others. Also called hydrocarbons. Volatile nitrites Correct Answer-Are used clinically as blood vessel dilators (vasodilators) for heart problems and as over-the-counter room freshness. They are also used recreationally. Anesthetics Correct Answer-Block pain or induce unconsciousness during surgical and other medical procedures; their recreational use as a deliriant has always been exploited. The most widely abused inhalants Correct Answer-Nitrous oxide, nitrites, gasoline, glue, spray paint, aerosol spray, lacquer thinner and correction fluid. Methods of Inhalation Correct Answer-Sniffing, huffing, bagging, spraying, balloons and crackers. Overuse of cocaine Correct Answer-Can cause extreme itching, dental problems, gastrointestinal problems, and twitching. Antihistamines Correct Answer-Are found in hundreds of prescription and OTC cold and allergy medications. Causes a sedating effect. Opium Correct Answer-Is processed from the milky fluid of the unripe seedpod of the opium poppy plant. Oral ingestion of Opium Correct Answer-When taken orally, the drug must go through the digestive system before it enters the bloodstream to make its way to the brain 20-30 mins later. Historically the abuse potential this way was relatively low due to it's bitter taste, low concentrations of active ingredients and limited supplies. 4. Post-acute Nonpurpose Withdrawal Correct Answer-Withdrawal that is characterized by objective physical signs that are a direct result of the tissue dependence and are directly observable once an addict ceases a drug. These include seizures, sweating, goosebumps, vomiting, diarrhea, and tremors. Purposive Withdrawal Correct Answer-- Is a false portrayal of severe withdrawal symptoms by an addict to manipulate a physician or pharmacist into providing drugs to manage the symptoms. - Can also occur from a psychic conversion reaction from the expectation of the withdrawal process. Psychic conversion Correct Answer-Is an emotional expectation of physical effects that have no biological explanation. Protracted Withdrawal Correct Answer-- This is a flashback or recurrence of the addiction withdrawal symptoms and a triggering of heavy craving for the drug after an addict has been detoxified. - The cause of this reaction often happens by environmental triggers and cues. - Symptoms can last up to 6 months after initiation of abstinence. - Often causes recovering addicts to slip. Ways to engaged in polydrug abuse Correct Answer-- Replacement - Multiple drug use - Cycling - Stacking - Mixing - Sequencing - Morphing Cycling (polydrug) Correct Answer-- A way to polydrug abuse that involves intense use of a drug over a period of time, abstaining or using another drug to rest the body or to lower tolerance, and then using the original drug again. - EX: Taking an anabolic steroid for two weeks, then a different steroid for two weeks, then nothing for two weeks, then back to the anabolic steroid. Stacking (polydrug) Correct Answer-- A way to polydrug abuse that involves taking 2 or more similar drugs at one time to enhance a specific desired effect. - EX: Using alcohol and a bento to fall asleep, or using MDMA with meth to enhance the ecstasy high. Mixing (polydrug) Correct Answer-- A way to polydrug abuse that is combining drugs to induce different effects. - EX: Meth with Klonopin to mimic the effect of heroin. Sequencing (polydrug) Correct Answer-- A way to polydrug abuse that involves using one drug in an abusive or addictive manner and then switching to another drug addiction. - EX: A recovering heroin addict who starts using alcohol compulsively, or a cocaine addict who switches to meth. - The sequence can also include behavioral addictions. - EX: A recovering alcoholic who becomes a compulsive gambler. Morphing (polydrug) Correct Answer-- A way to polydrug abuse that is using one drug to counteract the unwanted effects of another drug. - EX: A cocaine user so wired that she has to drink alcohol to come down. Replacement (polydrug) Correct Answer-- A way to polydrug abuse by using another drug when the desired drug is not available. Substance use disorders Correct Answer--Listed in DSM - Involve patterns of drug use and are divided into substance dependence and substance abuse. Substance dependence Correct Answer-- Listed under Substance Abuse Disorders in DSM - Is defined as a cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite significant substance-related problems. There is a pattern of repeated self-administration that can result in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug-taking behavior. Substance abuse Correct Answer-- Listed under Substance Abuse Disorders in DSM - Is defined as a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress that results in disruption of work, school, home obligations; recurrent use in physically hazardous situations; recurrent legal problems; and continued use despite adverse consequences. Substance-induces disorders Correct Answer-- Listed in DSM - Include conditions that are caused by use of specific problems. - Include polysubstance-related disorders. The Peripheral Nervous System Correct Answer-- Connects the brain to sensory organs of the body that provide information about the outside world. Ethyl alcohol Correct Answer-Ethanol, or grain alcohol, the main psychoactive component in all alcoholic beverages. Methyl alcohol Correct Answer-Methanol or wood alcohol, a toxic industrial solvent. Isopropyl alcohol Correct Answer-Propanol or rubbing alcohol, used in shaving lotion, shellac, antifreeze, antiseptics, and lacquer. Schedule I drugs Correct Answer-Substances regulated by the Controlled Substances Act of 1971. Schedule I drugs have no medical use and are highly addictive, e.g., heroin, LSD, MDMA. SSRIs Correct Answer-Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a newer group of antidepressants that increase the levels of serotonin in the central nervous system, e.g., Prozac and Zoloft Components found in a TX plan Correct Answer-1. Program statements 2. Goal statements 3. Objectives 4. Interventions Problem statements Correct Answer-Are based on information gathered during the assessment. Goal Statements Correct Answer-Are based on problem statements and reasonably achievable in the active tx phase. Objectives Correct Answer-What the client will do to meet those goals. Interventions Correct Answer-Are what the staff will do to assist the client. C.H.A.R.T Method of Documentation Correct Answer-- Client condition - Historical significance of client condition - Action: What action counselor took in response to client condition. - Response: How client responded to action. - TX Plan: How it relates to plan. P.I.E Correct Answer-Session notes that stands for problem identification, intervention, evaluation. S.O.A.P Correct Answer-Session notes that stand for subjective, objective, assessment, plan. D.A.P Correct Answer-Session notes that stand for description, assessment, plan. P.I.P.P Correct Answer-Session notes that stand for problem, intervention, progress, and plan (EMHC) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Correct Answer-- Leading cause of preventable birth defects. - Not restricted to alcoholic women. - Dose related: the more alcohol consumed the greater the likelihood of damage. Wernicke's Encephalopathy Correct Answer-Symptoms: Confusion, loss of muscle coordination (leg tremor), Vision changes (abnormal eye movement, double vision, eyelid drooping.) - Also called "wet brain" Korsakoff Syndrome Correct Answer-Symptoms: Inability to form new memories, loss of memory, making up stories (confabulation), seeing or hearing things that aren't really there. Hyper-Arousal Correct Answer-- Earliest and most common withdrawal - Includes: anxiety, irritability, loss of appetite, rapid heart beat, tremulousness, sweating, rapid pulse, unable to sleep. - Basis for early AM drinking. - Duration: Usually subsides in 2-3 days; but irritability and sleep problems can persist. - If doesn't subside, more serious withdrawl. Alcoholic Hallucinosis Correct Answer-- Occurs in 25% of withdrawal - Seen in first 24 hours - True hallucinations - May include illusions and misinterpretation of real stimuli in environment. - May include nightmares. - Not evidence of underlying psychiatric problem. Convulsive Seizures Correct Answer-- Use to be called "rum fits" - Most common in 12-48 hours after stopping alcohol. - Generalized, gran mal seizure. 8. Professional and ethical responsibilities. Orientation (12 core functions) Correct Answer-The process of describing the following to the client: - General nature and goals of the program. - Rules governing client conduct and infractions that can lead to disciplinary action or discharge from the program. - In a nonresidential program, the hours during which services are available. - TX costs to be borne by the client if any. - Client's rights. Counseling (12 core functions) Correct Answer-The utilization of special skills to assist individuals, families, or groups in achieving objectives through: - Exploration of a problem and its ramifications - Examination of attitudes and feelings - Consideration of alternative solutions - Decision making Counseling (TAP 21) Correct Answer-A collaborative process that facilitates the clients progress toward mutually determined treatment goals and objectives. Counseling includes methods that are sensitive to individual client characteristics and to the influence of significant others, as well as the clients cultural and social context. Competence in counseling is built upon an understanding of, appreciation of, and ability to appropriately use the contributions of various addiction counseling models as they apply to modalities of care for individuals, groups, family, couples and significant others. Referral (12 core functions) Correct Answer-Identifying the needs of the client that cannot be met by the counselor or agency and assisting the client in using the support systems and community resources available. Referral (TAP 21) Correct Answer-The process of facilitating the clients utilization of available support systems and community resources to meet needs identifies in clinical evaluation and/or tx planning. Client education (12 core functions) Correct Answer-Provision of information to individuals and groups concerning alcohol and other drug abuse and the available services and resources. Client education (TAP 21) Correct Answer-The process of providing clients, families, significant others, and community groups with information on risks related to psychoactive substance use, as well as available prevention, tx, and recovery resources. Kinds of Tolerance Correct Answer-- Dispositional - Pharmacodynamic - Behavioral - Reverse - Acute - Select - Inverse - Cross Dispositional Tolerance Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where the body speeds up the breakdown of the drug to eliminate it, particularly alcohol and barbiturates. Pharmacodynamic Tolerance Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where nerve cells become less sensitive to the effects of the drug and produce an antidote or antagonist. Behavioral Tolerance Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where the brain learns to compensate for the effects of a drug by using parts of the brain not affected. Reverse Tolerance Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where the user becomes more sensitive and therefore less able to handle even moderate amounts of a substance. Acute Tolerance (Tachphylaxis) Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where the body begins to adapt almost instantly to the toxic effects of the drug. Select Tolerance Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where the body develops tolerance to mental and physical effects at different rates. Inverse Tolerance (Kindling) Correct Answer-A type of tolerance where a person becomes more sensitive to the effects of a drug as the brain chemistry and neuron pathways adapt to the drug's effects. Reward/Control Pathway Correct Answer-- The area of the brain that encourages a human (or any mammal) to perform or repeat an actions that promotes survival. - Most affected by psychoactive drugs. - Is divided into two functional parts. Tradition 1 Correct Answer-Our common welfare should come first; personal recovery depends upon A.A. unity. - Common Ways Taken: Snorted, smoked, injected. - Short-Term Effects: Narrowed blood vessels; enlarged pupils; increased body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure; headache; abdominal pain and nausea; euphoria; increased energy, alertness; insomnia, restlessness; anxiety; erratic and violent behavior, panic attacks, paranoia, psychosis; heart rhythm problems, heart attack; stroke, seizure, coma. - Long-Term Effects: Loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, nasal damage and trouble swallowing from snorting; infection and death of bowel tissue from decreased blood flow; poor nutrition and weight loss from decreased appetite. - Other Health Related Issues: Premature delivery, low birth weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome. - In Combination with Alcohol: Greater risk of overdose and sudden death. - Withdrawal: Depression, tiredness, increased appetite, insomnia, vivid unpleasant dreams, slowed thinking and movement, restlessness. DMT Correct Answer-- A synthetic drug producing intense but relatively short- lived hallucinogenic experiences. - Street Names: DMT, Dimitri - Common Forms: White or yellow crystalline powder. - Common Ways Taken: Smoked, injected. - Short-Term Effects: Intense visual hallucinations, depersonalization, auditory distortions, and an altered perception of time and body image, usually resolving in 30-45 mins or less. Physical effects include hypertension, increased heart rate, agitation, seizures, dilated pupils, involuntary rapid eye movements, dizziness, incoordination. - Other Health-Related Issues: At high doses, coma and respiratory arrest have occurred. GHB Correct Answer-- A depressant approved for use in the tx of narcolepsy. - Street Names: G, Georgia Home Boy, Goop, Grievous Bodily Harm, Liquid Ecstasy, Liquid X, Soap, Scoop - Commercial Names: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate or sodium oxybate - Common Forms: Colorless liquid, white powder. - Common Ways Taken: Swallowed (often combined with alcohol or other beverages) - Short-Term Effects: Euphoria, drowsiness, decreased anxiety, confusion, memory loss, hallucinations, excited and aggressive behavior, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, seizures, slowed heart rate and breathing, lower body temperature, coma, death. - Other Health-Ralted Issues: Sometimes used as a date rate drug. - In Combination with Alcohol: Nausea, problems with breathing, greatly increased depressant effects. - Withdrawal Symptoms: Insomnia, anxiety, tremors, sweating, increased heart rate and blood pressure, psychotic thoughts. Heroin Correct Answer-- An opioid drug made from morphine, a natural substance extracted from the seed pod of the Asian opium poppy plant. - Street Names: Brown sugar, China White, Dope, H, Horse, Junk, Skag, Skunk, Smack, White Horse - Common Forms: White or brownish powder, or black sticky substance known as black tar heroin. - Common Ways Taken: Injected, smoked, snorted. - Short-Term Effects: Euphoria; warm flushing of skin; dry mouth; heavy feeling in the hands and feet; clouded thinking; alternate wakeful and drowsy states; itching; nausea; vomiting; slowed breathing and heart rate. - Long-Term Effects: Collapsed veins; abscesses; infection of the lining and valves in the heart; constipation and stomach cramps; liver or kidney disease; pneumonia. - Other Health-Related Issues: Miscarriage, low birth weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome. - In Combination with Alcohol: Dangerous slowdown of heart rate and breathing, coma, death. - Withdrawal: Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flames with goose bumps. Inhalants Correct Answer-- Solvents, aerosols and gases found in household products. - Street Names: Poppers, snappers, whippets, laughing gas. - Common Forms: Paint thinners or removers degreasers, dry-cleaning fluids, gasoline, lighter fluids, correction fluids, permanent markers, electronics cleaners and freeze sprays, glue, spray paint, hair or deodorant sprays, fabric protector sprays, aerosol computer cleaning products, vegetable oil sprays, butane lighters, propane tanks, whipped cream aerosol containers, refrigerant gases, ether, chloroform, halothane, nitrous oxide. - Common Ways Taken: Inhaled through the nose or mouth. - Short-Term Effects: Confusion; nausea; slurred speech; lack of coordination; euphoria; dizziness; drowsiness; disinhibition; lightheadedness, hallucination/delusions; headaches; sudden sniffing death due to heart failure; death from asphyxiation, suffocation, convulsions or seizures, coma or choking. - Long-Term Effects: Liver and kidney damage; bone marrow damage; limb spasms due to nerve damage; brain damage from lack of oxygen that can cause problems with thinking, movement, vision, and hearing. - Other Health-Related Issues: Low birth weight, bone problems, delayed behavioral development due to brain problems, altered metabolism and body composition. - Withdrawal: Nausea, loss of appetite, sweating, tics, problems sleeping, mood changes. Ketamine Correct Answer-- A dissociative drug used as an anesthetic in veterinary practice. - Street Names: Cat Valium, K, Special K, Vitamin K. - Common Ways Taken: Swallowed - Short-Term Effects: Euphoria; slurred speech; increased heart rate, blood pressure, temperature; numbness; dizziness; nausea; vomiting; confusion; paranoia; altered visual perceptions; problems with movement; buildup of excess acid in body fluids. - Other Health-Related Issues: Breathing problems, seizures, and increased heart rate may occur from other ingredients in cough/cold medicines. PCP Correct Answer-- A dissociative drug developed as an intravenous anesthetic that has been discontinued due to serious adverse effects. - Street Names: Angel Dust, Boat, Hob, Love Boat, Peace Pill. - Common Forms: White or colored powder, tablet or capsule; clear liquid. - Common Ways Taken: Injected, snorted, swallowed, smoked. - Short-Term Effects: Delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, problems thinking, a sense of distance from one's environment, anxiety. - Long-Term Effects: Memory loss, problems with speech and thinking, depression, weight loss, anxiety. - In Combination with Alcohol: Increased risk of coma. - Withdrawal: Headaches, sweating. Psilocybin Correct Answer-- A hallucinogen in certain types of mushrooms that grow in parts of South America, Mexica and the U.S. - Street Names: Little Smoke, Magic Mushrooms, Purple Passion, Shrooms - Common Forms: Fresh or died mushrooms with long, slender stems topped by capes with dark gills. - Common Ways Taken: Swallowed. - Short-Term Effects: Hallucinations, altered perception of time, inability to tell fantasy from reality, panic, muscle relaxation or weakness, problems with movement, enlarged pupils, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness. - Long-Term Effects: Risk of flashbacks and memory problems. Rohypnol (Flunitrazepam) Correct Answer-- A benzo chemically similar to prescription sedatives. - Street Names: Circles, Date Rate Drug, Forget Pill, Forget-Me Pill, La Rocha, Lunch Money, Mexican Valium, Mind Eraser, Pingus, R2, Reynolds, Rib, Roach, Roach 2, Roaches, Roachies, Roapies, Rochas Dos, Roofies, Rope, Rophies, Row- Shay, Ruffies, Trip-and-Fall, Wolfies. - Commercial Names: Flunitrazepam - Common Forms: Tablet - Common Ways Taken: Swallowed - Short-term: Drowsiness, sedation, sleep; amnesia, blackout; decreased anxiety; muscle relations, impaired reaction time and motor coordination; impaired mental functioning and judgment; confusion; aggression; excitability; slurred speech; headache; slowed breathing and heart rate. - In Combination with Alcohol: Severed sedation, unconsciousness and slowed heart rate and breathing, which can lead to death. - Withdrawal: Headache; muscle pain; extreme anxiety, tension, restlessness, confusion, irritability; numbness and tingling of hands or feet; hallucinations, delirium, convulsions, seizures or shock. Elements of Clinical Documentation Correct Answer-1. Write knowing others will read your documentation. 2. Be objective. 3. Describe in behavioral terms. 4. Avoid jargon. 5. Keep it simple. 6. Be concise. 7. Be positive. Ethical conflicts arise in three basic concerns Correct Answer-1. Failure to comply with the law, governing policies and ethical codes. 2. Personal dilemmas where an individual knowns what is right, but is tempted to do wrong. 3. Moral dilemma when there are conflicting lights or conflicting wrongs. Steps in Assessment of Co-Occuring Disorders Correct Answer-Step 1: Engage the clt. Step 2: Upon receipt of appropriate clt authorization, identify and contact collaterals to gather additional information. Step 3: Screen for and detect co-occuring disorders. Step 4: Determine severity of mental and SUDs. Step 5: Determine appropriate care setting. Step 6: Determine diagnoses. Step 7: Determine disability and functional impairment. Step 8: Identify strengths and supports. Step 9: Identify cultural and linguistic needs and supports. Step 10: Identify additional problem areas to address. Step 11: Determine readiness for change. Step 12: Plan tx. The Intake Process Basic Functions Correct Answer-1. Establish eligibility. 2. Complete basic data collection. 3. Identify barriers and assets. the local school board. Parents and providers share in the responsibility of providing this education. Right to Counsel Correct Answer-For involuntary proceedings, all individuals, both minors and adults, have a right to counsel. Right to Habeas Corpus Correct Answer-This means the right to "have the body" of evidence so that they may examine it and argue against it. In the case of involuntary commitment for evaluation and tx, the right to habeas corpus means that the client has the right to be told why and upon what evidence the court has decided to commit them against their will. Treatment Plan Correct Answer-- Is a contract between client, counselor and in some cases the tx team, and each is responsible for its development and implementation. - Documents established goals and objectives of tx, the anticipated type, frequency and duration of services, and who is responsible for different activities outlined in the tx plan. - Helps the counselor and clients develop shared, agreed upon, realistic expectations for the tx process. Addiction Correct Answer-- Is a clinical term, rather than a diagnostic one. - Describes the brain changes resulting from long-term use of alcohol or other drugs that may lead to harmful behaviors and other physical, psychological, emotional and spiritual consequences. - Does not appear as a diagnostic category in the DSM because it means different things to different people. - Is similar to other chronic diseases. Risk For Addiction Correct Answer-- Is impacted by the biological makeup of the individual including gender or ethnicity, their developmental stage, and the surrounding social environment. Recovery Correct Answer-- Recovery is a process of change whereby individuals improve their health and wellness, to live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential. Recovery-Oriented Systems of Care (ROSC) Correct Answer-- Partnering with people in recovery from mental health and SUD to guide the behavioral health system and promote individual, program and system-level approaches that foster health and resilience; increase permanent housing, employment, education and other necessary supports; and reduce barriers to social inclusion. - Dimensions: Health, home, purpose, community. 3 ROSC Core Components Correct Answer-1. Collaborative decision-making: Individuals are empowered and supported to collaborate with professionals, peers, and other formal and informal service providers to direct their own recovery to the greatest extent possible. 2. Continuity of services and supports: Coordination ensures ongoing and seamless connections with services and supports for as long as the individual needs them. 3. Service quality and responsiveness: Services and supports are evidence-based, developmentally appropriate to the person's stage of life and stage of recovery. Recovery Management Correct Answer-- Is a term that is now being used to encompass how the process of "continuity of care" in addiction TX and recovery services are organized. - Is a time-sustained, recovery focused collaboration between service consumers and traditional and non-traditional service providers toward the goal of stabilizing, and then actively managing the ebb and flow of substance use and other co- occuring disorders until full remission and recovery has been achieved, or until they can be effectively self-managed by the individual and their family. - Is based on the belief that full recovery is seldom achieved from a single-episode of intervention or tx, and that practitioners, people in recovery, families and policy makers should not be disappointed or discouraged by the fact that there are no quick fixes. - Acknowledges vulnerability but suggest that relapse is not inevitable if the ongoing recovery process is actively managed. 3 Phases in the Recovery Process Correct Answer-1. Pre-recovery identification and engagement. 2. Recovery initiation and stabilization (recovery activities/tx) 3. Recovery maintenance (post-tx recovery support services) 3 Types of Recovery Capital Correct Answer-1. Personal Recovery Capital: is made up of both physical recovery capital and human recovery capital. 2. Family/Social Recovery Capital: is grounded in the interpersonal relationships between the person in recovery and the people in their family and kinship networks and the social or organizational relationships that support recovery efforts. When other individuals are willing to engage in supporting a person in recovery, the chances for success are increased. 3. Community Recovery Capital: is a reflection of the environment in which the person in recovery lives. It encompasses the general community attitudes toward addiction and recovery, local regulations and policies that govern addiction tx and persons with addiction issues, and the resources available to tx and other service agencies. Personality Disorders Correct Answer-- Are rigid, inflexible and maladaptive behavior patterns of sufficient severity to cause internal distress of significant impairment in functional. - 2 types: Borderline Personality Disorder; Antisocial Personality Disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder Correct Answer-An essential feature of this disorder is a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self- image, and affects, along with marked impulsivity, that begins by early adulthood and is present in a variety of contexts. Antisocial Personality Disorder Correct Answer-Two essential features are: (1) a pervasive disregard for and violation of the rights of others and (2) an inability to form meaningful interpersonal relationships. Psychosis Correct Answer-- Is a term for a severely incapacitated mental and emotional state involving a person's thinking, perception, and emotional control. - Refers to distorted thoughts in which an individual has false beliefs, sensation or perception that are imagined and/or very extreme and unusual emotional states along with deterioration in thinking, judgement, self-control, or understanding. the Therapeutic Alliance Correct Answer-- The role the connection between the counselor and the client plays in helping achieve successful outcomes. 3 outcomes of the Therapeutic Alliance Correct Answer-1. The relationship or bond between therapist and client. 2. Consensus between counselor and client regarding the techniques/methods employed in tx. 3. Consensus between therapist and client regarding the goals of tx. Motivational Interviewing Correct Answer-A type of style of counseling communication that is based on the following assumptions: - Ambivalence about substance use and change is normal and creates a significant obstacle to the recovery process. - Ambivalence can be resolved by working with the client's intrinsic motivations and values. - The alliance between the counselor and the client is a collaborative partnership to which each brings important expertise.