Caduceus Test Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified, Exams of Medicine

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Caduceus Test Questions with 100% Correct

Answers | Latest Version 2024 | Verified

The cytoplasmic extensions that, together with the cell body, provide the main receptive surfaces for neurons are a. Neurofibrils b. Chromatophilic substances (nissl bodies) c. Axons d. Dendrites - ✔✔d. Dendrites The two types of cells of the nervous system are a. Axons and dendrites b. Neurons and neuroglia c. Motor neurons and sensory neurons d. Schwann cells and microglia - ✔✔b. Neurons and neuroglia The functional connection between two neurons is a(n): a. Dendrite b. Gap junction c. Axon terminal d. Neurotransmitter - ✔✔c. Axon terminal The nervous system: a. Detects changes in the internal or external environment

b. Controls the movement of muscles c. Integrates info from several sources and uses it determine an appropriate response d. all of the above - ✔✔d. all of the above Neurons that conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles or glands are: a. Sensory neurons b. Interneurons c. Motor neurons d. Unipolar neurons - ✔✔c. Motor neurons How many dendrites can a neuron have? a. One b. Two c. Many d. All of the above are possible dendrite numbers - ✔✔d. All of the above are possible dendrite numbers The nervous system is in charge of: a. Detecting changes b. Decision-making c. Stimulating muscles d. All of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above Masses of myelinated nerve fibers appear in:

a. White matter b. Brown matter c. Gray matter d. Blood vessels - ✔✔a. White matter Every neurons has... a. Many axons b. A cell body c. Myelin d. A neurilemma - ✔✔b. A cell body Which of the following statements about myelin is correct? a. Myelin is released from a neuron and travels to another neuron. b. Myelin consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. c. Myelin is produced in response to bacterial infection. d. Myelin is a form of chromatophilic substance that fills Schwann cells. - ✔✔b. Myelin consists of layers of lipids and proteins that wrap around an axon. A myelinated nerve fiber is ______, whereas an unmyelinated nerve fiber is ______. a. Gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; white, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord.

b. White, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray , and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. c. White and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. d. White, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord; red, and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord. - ✔✔c. White and composing the white matter of the brain and spinal cord; gray, and composing the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord. Myelin is rich in: a. Nucleic acids b. Carbohydrates c. Lipids d. Salts - ✔✔c. Lipids Which of the following is a type of neuroglia? a. Astrocyte b. Oligodendrocyte c. Schwann cell d. All of the above. - ✔✔d. All of the above. Which cells produce myelin in the brain and spinal cord? a. Schwann cells b. Astrocytes c. Microglia d. Oligodendrocytes - ✔✔d. Oligodendrocytes

Most of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord are: a. Bipolar b. Unipolar c. Multipolar d. Nonpolar - ✔✔c. Multipolar Regrowth or repair of nervous tissues and cells is called: a. Neuroregeneration b. Nervous expansion c. Myelommatics d. Peripheral fanning - ✔✔a. Neuroregeneration Which of the following produces growth factor in response to injury? a. Peripheral nervous system b. Central nervous system c. Both A and B d. None of the above - ✔✔a. Peripheral nervous system Clusters of neuron cell bodies in the PNS are called: a. Neuromas b. Axons c. Ganglia d. Nuclei - ✔✔c. Ganglia

Axons terminals are at the ends of: a. Axons b. Dendrites c. Cell bodies d. Neuroglia - ✔✔a. Axons Which of the following is a function of satellite cells? a. Metabolism b. Regulating homeostasis c. Assisting connections d. All of the above - ✔✔d. All of the above Wallerian degeneration is called by: a. Microglia consuming healthy nerves b. Loss of myelin covers from damaged axons c. PNS Schwann cell overproduction causing Ependymal cell decay d. None of the above - ✔✔b. Loss of myelin covers from damaged axons In which one of these locations would you most expect to find bipolar cells? a. Eye b. Fingertip c. Kneecap d. Abdominal skin - ✔✔a. Eye

T/F: The neuroglia is considered to be a supporting cell. - ✔✔True T/F: Myelin is composed largely of carbohydrates. - ✔✔False T/F: Nodes of Ranvier lie between neurons. - ✔✔False T/F: Astrocytes structurally support neurons and also provide important signals and nutrients to neurons.

• ✔✔True T/F: Motor neurons carry signals from the PNS to the skeletal system. - ✔✔False T/F: When initially discovered, neuroglia were likened to a glue for the brain, spinal cord, and special sensory nerves. - ✔✔True The cells in the nervous system that fill spaces and support neurons both physically and nutritionally are called: a. Neurons b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Neuronal polls d. Neuroglia - ✔✔d. Neuroglia Sheaths of ______ cells often enclose the larger axons outside of the brain and spinal cord. a. Myelin b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Schwann d. Soma - ✔✔c. Schwann

A(n) ____ is the junction between neurons a. Interneuron b. Axon terminal c. Soma d. Axons - ✔✔b. Axon terminal The white matter of the spinal cord contains: a. Bundles of axons b. Bundles of dendrites c. Sensory and motor nuclei d. Both axons and dendrites f. Interneurons - ✔✔a. Bundles of axons What type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the BBB? a. Microglia b. Astrocyte c. Schwann cell d. Satellite cell - ✔✔a. Microglia Which structure predominates in the white matter of the brain? a. Myelinated axons b. Neuronal cell bodies c. Ganglia of the parasympathetic nerves

d. Bundles of dendrites from the enteric nervous system - ✔✔a. Myelinated axons Which part of a neuron transmits an electrical signal to a target cell? a. Dendrites b. Soma c. Cell body d. Axon - ✔✔d. Axon Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system? a. Nucleus b. Ganglion c. Tract d. Nerve - ✔✔d. Nerve Which part of a neuron contains the nucleus? a. Soma b. Dendrite c. Axon d. Synapse - ✔✔a. Soma What type of glial cell is responsible for filtering blood to produce CSF at the choroid plexus? a. Ependymal cell b. Astrocyte c. Oligodendrocyte

d. Schwann cell - ✔✔a. Ependymal cell The nervous system is divided into two major regions the ___ and ____. a. CNS and PNS b. CNS and ANS c. ANS and PNS d. PNS and SNS e. SNS and ANS - ✔✔a. CNS and PNS The gaps in between Schwann cells are called: a. Axon terminals b. Nodes of Ranvier c. Synapses d. Myelin - ✔✔b. Nodes of Ranvier The two divisions of the motor portion of the peripheral nervous system are: a. Relational and magnetic b. Somatic and internal c. Somatic and autonomic d. Diegetic and sensory - ✔✔c. Somatic and autonomic What ion enters a neuron causing depolarization of the cell membrane? a. Sodium b. Chloride

c. Potassium d. Phosphate - ✔✔a. Sodium Voltage-gated Na+ channels open upon reaching what states? a. Resting potential b. Threshold c. Repolarization d. Overshoot - ✔✔b. Threshold A membrane potential becomes more negative due to more positive ions leaving the cell than negative ions entering. What type of graded potential is this? a. Depolarizing b. Repolarizing c. Hyperpolarizing d. Non-polarizing - ✔✔c. Hyperpolarizing Presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters by ______. a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. Diffusion d. Active transport - ✔✔b. Exocytosis When an action potential passes over the surface of a synaptic knob, the contents of the vesicles are released in response to the presence of: a. Calcium ions

b. Sodium ions c. Neurotransmitters d. Neuropeptides - ✔✔a. Calcium ions All of these are functions of the nervous system except: a. Sensory function b. Motor function c. Integrative function d. All of these are functions of the nervous system - ✔✔d. All of these are functions of the nervous system Transmitting an impulse from one neuron to another involves a(n): a. Impulse stimulating presynaptic dendrites to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft. b. Impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft. c. Neurotransmitter traveling from presynaptic dendrites across a synapse to postsynaptic axons or a cell body. d. Neurotransmitter traveling from postsynaptic axons across a synapse to presynaptic dendrites or a cell body. - ✔✔b. Impulse stimulating a presynaptic axon to release a neurotransmitter into a synaptic cleft. Action potentials are related to impulses conducted along an axon in that: a. Many impulses are required to cause one action potential. b. Active transport of Na+ and K+ are required for impulse conduction but not for an action potential.

c. Impulses are stronger responses than are action potentials. d. Propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve cell fiber constitutes an impulse. - ✔✔d. Propagation of a series of action potentials along a nerve cell fiber constitutes an impulse. A stimulus great enough to change the membrane potential and propagate an action potential is said to have reached _________. a. Recruitment b. Threshold c. Summation d. Tetanus - ✔✔b. Threshold Which of these is the best description of the ion distribution pattern largely created by the sodium/potassium pump? a. N+ and K+ are higher on the inside of the membrane. b. Na+ and K+ are higher on the outside of the membrane. c. Na+ is higher on the inside of the membrane and K+ is higher on the outside. d. Na+ is higher on the outside of the membrane and K+ is higher on the inside. - ✔✔d. Na+ is higher on the outside of the membrane and K+ is higher on the inside. Saltatory conduction: a. Occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous b. Occurs only of nodes of Ranvier are lacking c. Is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber

d. Is slower than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber - ✔✔c. Is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated fiber The most rapid conduction of an impulse along an axon occurs on a fiber that is a. Thick and myelinated b. Thick and unmyelinated c. Thin and myelinated d. Thin and unmyelinated - ✔✔a. Thick and myelinated Which ion flows down its concentration gradient as it moves out of the cell? a. Potassium b. Sodium c. Calcium d. Magnesium - ✔✔a. Potassium A neuron that is not being stimulated is called a(n): a. Depopulated neuron b. Resting neuron c. Vacillating neuron d. Auxiliary neuron - ✔✔b. Resting neuron A nerve cell membrane becomes depolarized as a result of: a. Calcium leaving the nerve cell b. Some ions channels being opened while others are closed c. The relative ease with which K+ diffuses into the nerve cell

d. Na+ being prevented from passing through the membrane - ✔✔b. Some ions channels being opened while others are closed How many neurotransmitters are there? a. At least 100 b. 15 c. 8 d. No more than 27 - ✔✔a. At least 100 Which neurotransmitter is most associated with the "fight or flight" reflex? a. Serotonin b. GABA c. Epinephrine d. Glutamate - ✔✔c. Epinephrine Each neuron in the CNS may receive input from: a. Only one synaptic knob b. One synaptic knob at each end c. About 10 dendrites d. Thousands of axons - ✔✔d. Thousands of axons Neurotransmitters are produced by: a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) b. Nerve cell cytoplasm c. Both A and B

d. None of the above - ✔✔c. Both A and B The neurotransmitter that mediates skeletal muscle contraction is: a. Beta endorphin b. Nitric oxide c. Acetylcholine d. GABA - ✔✔c. Acetylcholine Norepinephrine is associated with: a. Vasoconstriction and increased heart rate b. Vasodilation and decreased heart rate c. Vasoconstriction and decreased heart rate d. Vasodilation and increased heart rate - ✔✔a. Vasoconstriction and increased heart rate Which of these conditions is most likely to be treated by drugs that increase the actions of the neurotransmitter serotonin by keeping them in synapses longer? a. Multiple sclerosis b. Tay-Sachs disease c. Clinical depression d. Erectile dysfunction - ✔✔c. Clinical depression What is considered to be the most important neurotransmitter? a. Adrenaline b. Endorphins c. Glutamate

d. Acetylcholine - ✔✔c. Glutamate What effect would you expect divergence to have on an impulse? a. Amplify it b. Dissipate it c. Halt it d. Reverse it - ✔✔a. Amplify it The types of neurons that are organized into neuronal pools are: a. Interneurons b. Intraneurons c. Schwann cells d. Astrocytes - ✔✔a. Interneurons A presynpatic neuron _____ impulse, while a postsynaptic neuron ____ impulse. a. Receives, receives b. Receives, sends c. Sends, sends d. Sends, receives - ✔✔d. Sends, receives In a normal resting state the nerve cell membrane is: a. Positively charged at typically +70 mV b. Negatively charged at typically - 70 mV c. Neutrally charged at 0 mV

d. Positively charged at typically +35 mV - ✔✔b. Negatively charged at typically - 70 mV The sodium/potassium pump: a. Pumps in 2 sodium ions and pumps out 3 potassium ions b. Pumps in 3 sodium ions and pumps out 2 potassium ions c. Pumps out 3 sodium ions and pumps in 2 potassium ions d. Pumps out 2 sodium ions and pumps in 3 potassium ions - ✔✔c. Pumps out 3 sodium ions and pumps in 2 potassium ions The neurotransmitter most likely produced when a person uses a drug that creates a sense of pleasure and well-being is: a. Glutamic acid b. Dopamine c. Enkephalin d. Substance Q - ✔✔b. Dopamine Which of these best describes convergence? a. Axons originating from different parts of the nervous system leading to one neuron b. Axons from one part of the nervous system leading to one neuron c. Axons originating from different parts of the nervous system leading to many neurons d. None of the above describe convergence - ✔✔a. Axons originating from different parts of the nervous system leading to one neuron

T/F: During the absolute refractory period, a stimulus of high intensity may trigger a nerve impulse. - ✔✔False T/F: Synaptic transmission is a one-way transfer of information. - ✔✔True T/F: The conduction speed of thick, myelinated axons is approx 120 m/sec. - ✔✔True Muscles and glands that respond to nervous stimulation are called: a. Neurotransmitters b. Neurons c. Effectors d. Receptors - ✔✔c. Effectors In an inhibitory postsynaptic potential, what charge would be expected as a result? a. Increased negativity b. Decreased negativity c. Strongly decreased negativity, potentially positive charge d. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential has no relationship to charge - ✔✔a. Increased negativity An impulse conducted along an axon consists of a wave of ____ moving away from a point of stimulation. a. Nerve impulse b. Action potentials c. Conductor summation d. Nerve hormones - ✔✔b. Action potentials

A series of similar stimuli that induces change in local membrane potential is called: a. Action potential b. Resting potential c. Effector d. Summation - ✔✔d. Summation If a neurotransmitter hyperpolarizes a cell membrane and an action potential is less likely, the change is called: a. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential b. Excitatory postsynaptic potential c. Inhibitory presynaptic potential d. Excitatory presynaptic potential - ✔✔a. Inhibitory postsynaptic potential Which of the following voltages would most likely be measured during the relative refractory period? a. +30 mV b. 0 mV c. - 45 mV d. - 80 mV - ✔✔ Which of these best represents the degree of depolarization at threshold potential? a. - 70 mV b. - 55 mV c. +30 mV d. - 90 mV - ✔✔b. - 55 mV

Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem? a. Medulla oblongata b. Cerebellum c. Fourth ventricle d. Pyramidal tracts e. Pons - ✔✔b. Cerebellum The term cerebral cortex refers to: a. Gray matter of the cerebrum b. Cerebellum c. Diencephalon d. White matter of the cerebrum e. All of the above - ✔✔a. Gray matter of the cerebrum The ventricle located between the cerebellum and pons is the: a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth e. Lateral - ✔✔d. Fourth What structure is semi-permeable and closely adheres to the surface of the brain? a. Pia mater b. Arachnoid c. Dura mater

d. Cranial plexus e. Choroid plexus - ✔✔a. Pia mater The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the: a. Longitudinal fissure b. Central sulcus c. Lateral sulcus d. Parieto-occipital sulcus e. Postcentral sulcus - ✔✔a. Longitudinal fissure The area anterior to the central sulcus is the: a. Parietal lobe b. Temporal lobe c. Frontal lobe d. Occipital lobe e. Insula - ✔✔c. Frontal lobe There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves. a. 2 b. 6 c. 10 d. 12 e. 31 - ✔✔d. 12 The only cranial nerves that extend into the thoracic and abdominal cavities are the _____ nerves.

a. Optic b. Vagus c. Trochlear d. Olfactory e. Abducens - ✔✔b. Vagus Which of the following cranial nerves are purely sensory? a. Abducens b. Facial c. Glossopharyngeal d. Vagus e. Vestibulocochlear - ✔✔e. Vestibulocochlear Compression of a cranial nerve by a tumor causes a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected? a. Glossopharyngeal b. Hypoglossal c. Vagus d. Spinal accessory e. Trigeminal - ✔✔b. Hypoglossal What contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates? a. Subdural space b. Dural sinus

c. Falx cerebri d. Subarachnoid space e. Pia mater - ✔✔d. Subarachnoid space The thin partition that separates the lateral and third ventricles is the: a. Falx cerebri b. Septum pellucidum c. Septum insula d. Interventricular foramina e. Cerebral aqueduct - ✔✔d. Interventricular foramina Which of these locations in the forebrain is the master control center for homeostasis through autonomic and endocrine systems? a. Hypothalamus b. Thalamus c. Amygdala d. Cerebral cortex - ✔✔a. Hypothalamus Which of the following cavities contains a component of the central nervous system? a. Abdominal b. Pelvic c. Cranial d. Thoracic - ✔✔c. Cranial Which adult structure(s) arises from the diencephalon?

a. Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus b. Midbrains, pons, medulla c. Pons and cerebellum d. Cerebrum - ✔✔a. Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus Brodmann's areas map different regions of the _______ to particular functions. a. Cerebellum b. Cerebral cortex c. Basal forebrain d. Corpus callosum - ✔✔b. Cerebral cortex Which PNS system controls the body when it is at rest? a. Sensory system b. Autonomic parasympathetic system c. Autonomic sympathetic system d. Central nervous system - ✔✔b. Autonomic parasympathetic system Which cranial nerve does not control functions in the head and neck? a. Olfactory b. Trochlear c. Glossopharyngeal d. Vagus - ✔✔d. Vagus T/F: The lateral horn makes up the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system. - ✔✔True