CAISS Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025, Exams of Health sciences

Download CAISS Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025 and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! CAISS Exam Questions with Complete Verified Solutions 2024/2025 Boxed & Bold Text Represent AIS coding rules and conventions and contain directives to assist in the appropriate use of specific descriptions. Brackets Denote inclusive or exclusive information. Parentheseses Include synonyms or occasionally, non-clinical terms and provide a definition for the injury description. Semicolons Separate injury descriptors that are comparable in severity. Bold Type Identifies an anatomical structure Italics Are used for proper-named anatomical structures or injuries, and for OIS grades. AIS .1 Minor AIS .2 Moderate AIS .3 Serious AIS .4 Severe AIS .5 Critical AIS .6 Maximum Range of AIS severity codes 1-6 Is "DEATH" part of the AIS severity scale? No Does a linear relationship exist between AIS severity codes? No (T/F) Injuries within the same code may not be strictly compatible. T AIS .9 Unknown (T/F) The AIS single digit severity number indicates the relative severity of injury in an "average person" who sustains the coded injury as his only injury. T Average Patient Adult 25-40 years of age Free of pre-existing conditions Free of treatment complications Receiving timely, appropriate care for the injury Pre-dot Code 6 digits to the left of decimal point AIS Severity Number A single digit to the right of the decimal point. Body Region The first number in the pre-dot code stands for? Type of Anatomic Structure The second number in the pre-dot code stands for? Specific Anatomic Structure The third & fourth numbers in the pre-dot code stands for? Level of injury within the specific body region and anatomic structure The fifth & sixth numbers in the pre-dot code stands for? (T/F) AIS assesses the severity of single injuries. T (T/F) The ISS is the sum of the squares of the highest AIS in each of the (3) most severity injured ISS body regions. T There are how many ISS body regions? 6 ISS Body Regions Head & Neck Face (T/F) Do not assume that a specific injury has occurred simply because a particular outcome occurred. T (T/F) Death is an automatic AIS .6. F (T/F) An AIS of .1 can result in death. T (T/F) Vertebral fractures and contusions are coded separately. F (T/F) Penetrating injuries that do not injure underlying structures should be coded in the Whole Area section of the dictionary chapter and assigned to the External ISS body region. T (T/F) In penetrating injuries, you should code the overlying skin injury, not just the organ injury. F (T/F) Bullet wounds associated with fractured bones should be coded as open fractures. T (T/F) A bullet can pass through soft tissue/skin only, completely missing other organs and systems, and cause only an AIS .1 injury. T (T/F) The not further specified (NSF) category allows for coding injuries when detailed information is lacking. T Open Fracture Skin overlying the fracture is lacerated. Closed Fracture Skin overlying the fracture is not lacerated. Articular Fracture Fracture involving the joint. Comminuted Fracture Multiple bone fragment fracture Displaced Fractrue Fracture in which two ends of the bone are not aligned Complex Fracture Fracture with three or more fragments with the proximal and distal fragments not touching Sprain Injury to joints Strain Injury to muscles, tendons Crush Massive destruction of body part with damage to underlying body systems (e.g., skeletal, organ and vascular) Amputation Total loss of body part from trauma or burn Vessel Laceration Same as puncture or perforation Minor vessel laceration Superficial, incomplete circumferential involvement, blood loss less than or equal to 20% by volume Major vessel laceration Rupture, transection, segmental loss, complete circumferential involvement, blood loss > 20% by volume Thrombosis Includes any injury to the vessel resulting in its occlusion Muscle laceration same as rupture, tear or avulsion > 20% blood loss in adults > 1000 cc Nerve paresis (palsy) Subtotal loss of function Nerve paralysis Total loss of function Transection, Laceration, Contusion & Segmental Spasm, Aneurysm/Pseudoaneurysm, A-V Fistula, Intimal Flap Types of Arterial Injuries (T/F) You should code conservatively. T (T/F) Foreign bodies are not injuries and therefore not coded. T (T/F) You should base the injure severity based on procedure or treatment interventions. F (T/F) Multiple fractures to the same bone but in different regions of the bone are coded separately. T (T/F) "Crush" should only be used when vascular, skeletal and soft tissue injury occur with an injury. T (T/F) If "crush" code is used, you should also code the injuries separately. F (T/F) Transection should be coded as a complete transection. T (T/F) An incomplete transection should be coded one AIS code less severe than a complete transection. T (T/F) If a vessel injury occurs in combination with an organ injury, the vessel injury is not coded separately if it is already included in the organ injury descriptor. T (T/F) Branches of vessels are not coded unless they are named vessels and/or are listed within a specific vessel descriptor. T (T/F) When more than one injury claims the qualifier "blood loss > 20%", the blood loss is assigned to the most severe associated injury. T (T/F) For AIS coding, penetrating injuries are defined as injuries resulting from gunshot or stab wounds, or from impalement or spearing-type trauma, with or without damage to underlying organs or structures. T (T/F) Penetrating injuries that do not involve underlying structures or internal organs are coded to the Whole Body region except injuries to the skull and face. T (T/F) You should code all internal injuries for a penetrating injury that involves internal organs and structures. T (T/F) If a penetrating injury in the brain crosses more than one region it should be coded to "penetrating major" under the Whole Area section rather than specific site of the brain. T (T/F) Penetrating injury to the brain stem is an AIS .6 injury and should be coded there even if two regions of the brain are involved. T (T/F) If a physician describes an injury as severe, you should automatically assign the injury AIS .4. F (T/F) It is correct to assign a higher AIS code when you know there is a hemorrhage but do not know the specific source of the bleeding. F (T/F) When coding hypothermia you should code the whole number of the temperature and not round up or down. T (T/F) Whole body injury with massive chest and abdominal injuries, including the loss of one or more limbs or decapitation is an AIS .6 injury. T Facial Bones Hyoid, Palatine, Zygoma, Mandible, Maxilla, and Nasal Facial Vessels External Carotid and it's branches (facial and internal maxillary) Facial Nerves Optic (intraorbital portion) Supraorbital Ridge and Above Fractures of the upper third of face Nasal Bones & Septum, Maxillary Sinuses, Orbital Bones, Zygoma, Zygomatic Arch, Maxilla, Alveloar Process & Maxillary Dentition Fractures of middle third of face Mandibular Dentition, Alveolar Process, Symphysis/Parasymphysis, Corpus or Body, Angle, Ramus, Condyle & Coronoid Process Fractures of lower third of face LeFort I Fracture (Tranverse, horizontal maxillary alveolar fractures, Palate-facial disjunction (Guerin fracture)), occurs through the lower maxilla into the nasal cavity including the maxiallary alveolar process, portion of the maxillary sinus, the hard palate and the lower aspect of the pterygoid plates. Fracture detaches the tooth- bearing portion from the rest of the maxilla with one fracture line. LeFort II Fracture (Pyramidal Disjunction) Fracture line passes through the nasal bone, lacrimal bone, floor of orbit, infraorbital margin, across the upper portion of the zygomatic-maxillary suture line and maxillary sinus and pterygoid plate along the lateral wall fo teh maxilla into the ptergopalatine fossa. Two fracture lines result in a floating maxilla and nose with a possible cribiform plate fracture. LeFort III Fracture (Craniofacial disjunction), Complete separation of the facial bones (three fracture lines) from their cranial attachments creating the most complex of all facial fractures. Fracture passes through the nasofrontal suture, the junction of the ethmoid and frontal bone, the superior orbital fissure, lateral wall of the orbit, zygomaticofrontal and temporal suture, with a high fracture of the ptergoid plate producing a dish face deformity that is difficult to correct secondarily. (T/F) Bilateral injuries should be coded separately except where specifically noted in the dictionary. T Eye Avulsion Traumatic enucleation of the eye (T/F) Alveolar ridge fracture, including injury to teeth, is coded as a single injury. T (T/F) Bilateral fractures to the maxilla or mandible are coded as single injuries with location assigned to the fracture located in the largest mass area of the bone. T (T/F) Nose fractures that accompany a LeFort I fracture should not be coded as a separate injury. F (T/F) Nose fractures that accompany Lefort II and II fractures are, by definition, included in the LeFort fracture and therefore are not coded separately. T (T/F) Facial fractures must be significantly displaced to be coded as "displaced". T (T/F) Minimal displacement facial fractures should be coded as displaced fracture. F Panfacial Fracture Multiple and complex fractures that may involve the middle and lower face, upper and middle face or all these locations but are not LeFort fractures. (T/F) You do not have to have a fracture line running through eh ptergoid plates to have a LeFort fractures. F (T/F) The trachea and esophagus below the sternal notch are considered part of the AIS Chest region. T Open Chest Wound Also defined as a "sucking" chest wound. Parietal Pleura A slick membrane that lines the chest cavity. Viceral Pleura The portion of parietal pleura that envelops the viscera. Intrapleural Space The space between the parietal and visceral pleura. Pneumothorax When the intrapleural spaces fills partly or completely with air. Hemothorax When the intrapleural spaces fills partly or completely with blood. Hemopneumothorax When the intrapleural spaces fills partly or completely with air and blood. (T/F) If a flail chest is documented on one side and fractured ribs are documented on the other side you should code two separate injuries. T Flail Chest Three or more adjacent ribs each fractured in two or more places. (T/F) Costal cartilage fracture or tear should be coded as rib fracture. T (T/F) Lung contusions do not have to be consistent with history of chest trauma and do not need to be verified by imaging. F (T/F) Clinical pulmonary dysfunction is insufficient evidence for coding lung contusions. T (T/F) When chest trauma is only described by its sequela and no specific injury information is available, the section "Thoracic injury" should be used. T (T/F) Hemopneumothorax and Hemopneumomediastinum are consequences of chest trauma. T (T/F) Hemopneumothorax and Hemopneumomediastinum should be coded as one injury. F (T/F) Other codable immediate sequelae of trauma re air embolus or tamponade. T (T/F) Blast and inhalation injuries to the chest are coded in the "Lung" section. T (T/F) Ingestion injuries in the chest are coded under "Esophagus". T (T/F) Lung lacerations do not have to be substantiated by CT, operative report or autopsy. F (T/F) Vessel injuries are coded separately from other injuries in the chest, except for crush-type or massive penetrating injuries which are inclusive of all injuries to the chest. T (T/F) The AIS lists every artery and vein in the chest. F Dislocation Complete separation of a joint. Sublaxation Partial dislocation of a joint. (T/F) Overall the severity of pelvic fractures is related to "stability" or "unstability". T (T/F) Thumb and non-thumb fingers are separate injury categories. T (T/F) The pelvis is divided into tow anatomic structures for AIS coding: the pelvic ring and the acetabulum. T (T/F) The pelvic ring is assigned only one fracture code no matter the number of fractures to its specific aspects. T (T/F) The acetabulum may be assigned tow fracture codes depending on whether the injury is unilateral or bilateral. T Anterior Arch and Posterior Arch The two arches of the pelvic ring. (T/F) The severity of the pelvic ring fracture is not related to the extent of damage to the posterior arch and any resulting instability. F Anterior Column and Posterior Column The two columns of the acetabulum. Anterior Acetabulum Column Extends from the anterior half of the iliac crest to the pubis. Posterior Acetabulum Column Extends from the greater sciatic notch to the ischium. Partial Articular Acetabulum Fracture A fracture of the acetabulum that may be one of two types; a fracture involving only one column, or a fracture with a transverse component but with a part of the articular surface remaining attached to the ilium. Complete Articular Acetabulum Fracture A fracture of the acetabulum that is one in which both columns are disrupted form each other and the attachment between the articular surface and the posterior ilium no longer exists. Eponyms Provided in italics, where appropriate, to describe certain lower extremity joint and bone injuries. (T/F) Bilateral proximal amputations are assigned only one code. T Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture Sacroiliac joint with anterior disruption Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture Lateral compression fracture Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture "Open book" fracture <2.5 cm Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture ,Wide symphysis pubis separation greater than or equal to 2.5 cm Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture Anterior compression fracture of sacrum Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture Fracture involving posterior arch with posterior ligamentous integrity partially maintained. Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture Fracture involving posterior arch, but pelvic floor intact Partially Unstable Pelvic Fracture Bilateral fractures with posterior ligamentous integrity partially maintained Stable Pelvic Fracture Isolated simple fracture of Pubis Ramus Stable Pelvic Fracture Isolated simple fracture of Ilium Stable Pelvic Fracture Isolated simple fracture of Ischium Stable Pelvic Fracture Transverse fracture of sacrum and coccyx with or without sacrococcygeal dislocation Stable Pelvic Fracture Minor symphysis pubis separation < 2.5cm Totally Unstable Pelvic Fracture Sacroiliac joint with posterior disruption Totally Unstable Pelvic Fracture Vertical shear fracture Totally Unstable Pelvic Fracture Pubic ramus fracture with sacroiliac fracture/dislocation Totally Unstable Pelvic Fracture Fracture involving posterior arch with complete loss of posterior osteoligamentous integrity Totally Unstable Pelvic Fracture Fracture involving posterior arch with pelvic floor disruption (T/F) The crucial factor to determine the level of pelvic instability (partial or total) will depend entirely on the extent of damage to the posterior ligaments and/or pelvic floor. T (T/F) The ISS has a separate Spine body region. F Spinal Cord Injuries Damage to neural elements in the spinal canal (spinal cord and cauda equina) (T/F) Level of injury refers to the most caudal segment of the cord with normal motor and sensory function. T Incomplete Cord Syndrome Preservation of some sensation or motor function, includes anterior cord, central cord, lateral cord (Brown-Sequard), syndromes. (T/F) "Incomplete quadriplegia" orn "incomplete paraplegia" should be coded as incomplete cord injury. T Complete Cord Synddrome Quadriplegia/tetraplegia or paraplegia with no sensation or motor function. Cord Laceration Includes transection and crush in the same injury description. Plexus Contusion Stretch injury Whiplash Cervical Strain (T/F) The Spine chapter requires coding coexisting injuries to the cord and the vertebral column as a single injury. T (T/F) If the cord and/or spinal column is injured in more than one location each injury should be coded separately. T (T/F) Cord contusions/lacerations do not have to be verified by imaging, myleogram or autopsy. F (T/F) If it is not clear whether the cord was contused or lacerated you should code to contusion. T (T/F) For cervical spine injuries, the level of cord injury (i.e., superior or inferior to C4) will affect AIS severity in complete injuries. T (T/F) If a specific vessel is injured but not named, code the injury as vascular injury on the head, NFS. T (T/F) With cranial nerve injuries, unless contusion or laceration is specified, code the injury as a laceration if there is total loss of nerve function (paralysis). T (T/F) Code the cranial nerve injury as a contusion if subtotal loss of function (paresis/palsy) is documented. T (T/F) Clinical diagnosis alone is sufficient in coding brain injuries. No other imaging is needed. F (T/F) Size, location and multiplicity of brain lesions may affect injury severity. T (T/F) Edema accompanying a contusion or hematoma (perilesional edema) is not considered part of the lesion when assessing its size. F Closed Cisterns Implies brain swelling (T/F) Code all skull fractures under vault unless specified as base. T (T/F) If skull fractures to bot vault and base are documented, code both fractures. T (T/F) If a single skull fracture involves both base and vault, code to the more severe. T (T/F) If a single skull fracture involves both base and vault, but are of equal severity, code the fracture to the point of origin. T Basilar Fracture Involve ethmoid, sphenoid, orbital roof, and portions of the occipital and temporal bones (petrous and mastoid portions of the temporal bones) (T/F) You should automatically assume that all cases of periorbital ecchymosis are basilar skull fractures. F (T/F) Code DAI if the injury is diagnosed on imaging and described using terms such as white matter shearing, shear injury or DAI, is associated with immediate prolonged coma AND meets definition of DAI given in the AIS dictionary. T (T/F) DAI may be coded in the Cerebrum or concussinve injury section of the head chapter. T (T/F) DAI that lasts more than 24 hours is always coded in the concussive injury section. T (T/F) You should also code certain findings including intraventricular hemorrhage, ischemic brain damage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and subpial hemorrhage when a DAI diagnosis is confirmed. F (T/F) Under Cerebrum, several descriptors of imaging findings include coma as a modifier. If a patient sustains more than one of these documented findings involving coma, assign the coma only once to the finding that will result in the highest AIS code. If there is no difference in AIS code, add the coma to only one of the findings and code the other findings as NFS. T (T/F) Brain death is an outcome or sequela and is codable. F (T/F) Code a penetrating injury to a specific anatomical structure (i.e., cerbrum, cerebellu, brain stem) if this information is known. If the specific site is not known, or if more than one structue is injured, code to Penetrating Injury under the Whole Area. T (T/F) Penetrating injury to the brain stem is an AIS .6 injury and should be coded under brain stem even if two regions of the brain are involved. T (T/F) If an injury is described as penetrating, but there is no skull penetration, the injury is coded as a scalp laceration. T (T/F) A gunshot would to the head with entry and exit woulds is coded as a single injury. T Stroke Synonymous with a neurological deficit associated with a vessel injury to the neck. (T/F) If an injury to the trachea or esophagus is above the sternal notch it should be coded to the Neck area. T Acromium The lateral extension of the spine of the scapula projecting over the shoulder joint and forming the highest point of the shoulder. Alveolar Ridge The bony ridge of the maxilla or mandible which contains the alveoli. Aneurysm A sac formed by the dilation of the wall of the vessel or the heart. Anterior Spinal Artery Ischemia Bilateral pain and temperature loss below the level of the lesion, but no vibratory or proprioception loss, a sensory combination called "dissociated sensory loss". Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome (Anterior Cord Syndrome) Injury to the ventral spinal cord caused by blockage of the anterior spinal artery and infarction fo the areas it supplies. Aorta The main trunk from which the systemic arterial system proceeds. Aphasia Loss of impairment of speech. Artery A vessel through which the blood passes away from the heart to the various parts of the body. Articular Pertaining to a joint. Articular Capsule The sac-like envelope which encloses the cavity of a synovial joint, called also joint capsule and synovial capsule. Astragalus Talus Atrium One of the chambers of the heart. Axilla Refers to the armpit. Babinski's Syndrome Condition in which when the sole of the foot is stroked, the great toe turns upward instead of downward, indicating an organic lesion in the brain or spinal cord. Biliary Duct/Comon Bile Duct (Choledochus Duct) The duct formed by union of the common hepatic and the cystic ducts which empties into the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla, along with the pancreatic duct. Brachial Refers to the arm, or arm-like process. Brain Stem The stalk-like portion of the brain connecting the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord and comprising the mid-brain, pons and medulla, diencephalon (hypothalamus). Bronchial Tear Organic injury to the cord due to a blow to the vertebral column, with resultant transient or prolonged dysfunction below the level of the lesion. Concussion of Spinal Cord Contusion of Spinal Cord Cranium The skeleton of the head and includes all the bones of the head except the mandible or the eight bones which form the calvaria that lodges the brain. Cystic Duct The passage connecting the neck of the gallbladder and the common bile duct, also called duct of gallbladder. Decerebration A type of abnormal motor movement reflecting brainstem dysfunction, seen in some comatose patients and characterized by abnormal rigid extension of the extremities. Posturing Decerebration/Decortification Decortification A type of abnormal motor movement reflecting cerebral dysfunction, see in some comatose patients and characterized by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities. Deviated Trachea Usually means one lung is overexpanded or the other lung has collapsed Diaphragm The musculomembranous portion separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities and serving as a major respiratory muscle. Diaphyseal Pertaining to or affecting the shaft of a long bone. Diastasis A form of dislocation in which there is separation of two bones normally attached to each other without the existence of a true joint, as in separation of the pubic symphysis. Dissecting To slip between tissue layers, separating the layers instead of destroying them. Distal A comparative term indicating a point, structure or location further from the root or attachment point. Duoden;um The first or proximal portion of the small intestine, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum. Dura Outmost, toughest and most fibrous of the three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Edema Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the body tissue. Epiphysis The terminal ends of long bones. Esophagus The upper part of the alimentary tract extending from the pharynx to the stomach. Falx A general anatomical term for sickle-shaped organ or structure. Falx Cerebelli The small fold of dura mater in the midline of the posterior cranial fossa, projecting forward toward the vermis of the cerebellum Falx Cerebri The sickle-shaped fold of dura mater that extends downward in the longitudinal cerebral fissues and separates the two cerebral hemispheres. Flank The fleshy part of the side between the ribs and the hip. Fossa A trench or channel; a general term for a hollow or depressed area. Cerebellar Fossa Either a pair of depressions in the occipital bone posterior to the foramen mangnum, separated form one another by the internal occipital crest, that lodge the hemispheres of the cerebellum. Cerebral Fossa Either of a pair of depressions in the occipital bone, posterior to the cerebellar fossae, that house the occipital lobes of the cerebrum. Anterior Cranial Fossa The anterior subdivision of the floor of the cranial cavity, housing the frontal lobes of the brain, and composed of portions of three bones; the ethmoid, frontal and sphenoid. Middle Cranial Fossa The middle subdivision of the floor of the cranial cavity, supporting the temporal lobes of the brain and the pituitary gland; it is composed of the body and greater wings of the sphenioid bone and the squamous and petrous portions of the temporal bone. Posterior Cranial Fossa The posterior subdivision of the floor of the cranial cavity housing the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata; it is formed by portions of the sphenoid, temporal, parietal and occipital bones. Friction Burns Burns caused by rubbing. Epidural Hematoma Accumulation of blood in the epidural space due to damage to and leakage of blood from the middle meningeal artery. Subdural Hematoma Accumulation of blood in the subdudral space. Intracerebral Hematoma Well-Defined homogeneous collection of blood deep within the brain parenchyma. Hemomediastinum A collection of blood around the structures between the two pleural sacs that line the thoracic cavity and encase the lungs. Hemotympanum A hemmorhagic exudation of the middle ear. Herniation The abnormal protrusion of an organ or other body structure through a defect or natural opening in a covering, membrane, muscle or bone. Cerebral Herniation Protrusion of the brain substance through the skull through either the foramen magnum or the tentorial notch. Tentorial Herniation Downward displacement of the most medially-placed cerebral structures through the tentorial notch, caused by a supratentorial mass. Pressures is exerted on underlying structures including the brain stem. Transentorial Herniation Tentorial Herniation Uncle Herniation Tentorial Herniation Hilum A general term for a depression or pit at the part of an organ where the vessels and nerves enter. Hygroma Accumulation of extravasated serous fluid in the extradural space; occasionally seen as chronic sequelae of cerebral contusions, particularly with frontal lobe contusions. Hypalgesia Decreased sensitivity to pain Hypesthesia Abnormally decreased sensitivity, particularly to touch. Iatrogenic Induced inadvertently by a physician or their treatment procedure. Ileum Lower portion of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the large intestine.