CALT Exam Study Guide With 100% Complete Solution, Exams of Advanced Education

Download CALT Exam Study Guide With 100% Complete Solution and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! CALT Exam Study Guide With 100% Complete Solution Alexia - Correct Answer-The loss of the ability to read, as the result of a brain injury. Apasia - Correct Answer-Impairs the ability to speak and understand others. Articulation - Correct Answer-The act or manner of producing sounds. Echolalia - Correct Answer-Imitation of the mother's sounds, rhythm and tone. Hyperlexia - Correct Answer-The superior ability to reads words without comprehension. Lexicon - Correct Answer-An inventory of word knowledge, either spoken or written. EX: dictionary, encyclopedia Otitis Media - Correct Answer-Inflammation of the middle ear that can lead to temporary conductive hearing loss or permanent hearing loss. Receptive Language Disorder - Correct Answer-The inability to understand or comprehend language heard or read. Expressive Language Disorder - Correct Answer-The inability to put thoughts into words or sentences in ways that make sense and is grammatically correct. Phonology - Correct Answer-Smallest unit of sound. The sounds of letters. Ex: Cat=3 phonemes (c) (a) (t). Syntax - Correct Answer-The grammar system of language. The way words are strung together. Ex: words and punctuation to form sentences, clauses or phrases. Semantics - Correct Answer-Word meaning in language. Ex: final destination = last stop Discourse - Correct Answer-Written or spoken communication or debate. Ex: Formal writing, a speech. Morphology - Correct Answer-The smallest unit of language that convey meaning. Ex: Root words Pragmatics - Correct Answer-Incapable of understanding the speakers intent (requests and tones) Ex: Can't you turn down the T.V.? = means no; not yes. Alphabetic Language - Correct Answer-A language in which letters are used systematically to represent speech sounds. Alphabetic Principle - Correct Answer-The use of letters and letter clusters to represent phonemes in an orthography. (spelling) Anglo Saxon - Correct Answer-The language of the Germanic peoples (Angles, Saxons and Jutes) who settles in Britain in the 5th and 6th centuries. It was the dominant language in Britain until the Norman Conquest in 1066. Analytic Instruction - Correct Answer-Instruction that separates the whole into its parts to reveal its relationships. (Whole to Part) (Top Down) (Concept driven) Analytic Phonics - Correct Answer-Students hear the whole word and segment into phonemes or sounds in order to spell. (whole to part) Ex: Pit = (p) (i) (t) Antonyms - Correct Answer-Words that are opposite in meaning. (semantics) Arbitrary Learning - Correct Answer-New learning that has no logical connection to already acquired knowledge or practical relationships. Auditory - Correct Answer-relating to or experienced through hearing. Visual Acuity - Correct Answer-Sharpness of vision, measured by the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance according to a fixed standard. EX: 20/20 vision Bottom-up Process - Correct Answer-Theoretical view of reading as a process that consists of accurate sequential reading of every word. Comprehension is viewed as text driven rather than concept driven. (Part to whole) (Start from the bottom) Concept Driven Process - Correct Answer-Theoretical view of reading as a process that consists of using one's experiences and expectations to react to text. Also called top- down process. (Whole to part) Cooperative Learning - Correct Answer-Instructional approach in which students work together rather than compete to solve a problem or complete a task.Ex: group work or PBL Corrective Feedback - Correct Answer-Teacher responses during and following practice of a skill that is sensitive to a student's level and that guides him or her closer to mastery. Cumulative - Correct Answer-Having a new learning that is based upon previously learned elements. Ex: Building knowledge as we go. Diagnostic Teaching - Correct Answer-Teaching that uses observation and formal and informal assessments to measure student progress against expected performance standards. Systematic, guided diagnoses of academic barriers. (Prescriptive teaching) Synthetic Phonics - Correct Answer-Instruction that starts with individual letter sounds that are blended together to form a word. Ex: i=(i);t=(t);p=(p);n=(n) use the parts to form a word. (tip) (nip) (tin) (it) Encoding - Correct Answer-Spelling Decoding - Correct Answer-Reading Orthography - Correct Answer-Correct spelling, correct writing for sound VAK - Correct Answer-Visual, Auditory, Knesthetic Initial - Correct Answer-First or beginning Medial - Correct Answer-Everything between first and last. Final - Correct Answer-Last or end Grapheme - Correct Answer-Visual shape or representation of a single letter or letter cluster which represents a speech sound. Phoneme - Correct Answer-Speech sound, separate sound units of spoken words. c=(c) a=(a) t=(t) Equivocal - Correct Answer-Ambiguous, uncertain, a letter that represents more than one sound or a sound that is spelled more than one way. Ex: (k) k, c // ck, k, ke, c Unequivocal - Correct Answer-Clear, not doubtful, a letter that represents only one sound or is spelled only one way. Ex: (h) only one sound Discovery Method of Teaching - Correct Answer-Socratic teaching method of asking questions through guided discovery. Multisensory Learning - Correct Answer-Using all learning modalities. (VAKT) Vowel - Correct Answer-Open, voiced sound Consonant - Correct Answer-Blocked or partially blocked sound that is either voiced or unvoiced. Base Word - Correct Answer-Simplest form of an English word. Affix - Correct Answer-Letter or group of letters added to the beginning or end of a base word to change its meaning or its use in the sentence. Auditory Memory - Correct Answer-Ability to remember sounds in sequence. Cognitive - Correct Answer-Pertaining to the act or fact of knowing Digraph - Correct Answer-Two letter that come together to make one sound Combination - Correct Answer-A pattern of letters that occur frequently together, the pronunciation of at least one of the letters is unexpected. Trigraph - Correct Answer-Three adjacent letters that make one sound Diphthong - Correct Answer-Two vowels standing adjacent in the same syllable whose sounds blend together in one syllable. Quadrigraph - Correct Answer-Four letters that make one sound Dieresis - Correct Answer-Two dots placed over the letter (a) to indicate its pronunciation, when the (a) stands before an (r) in the accented combination (star), after (w) (watch) and (qu) (squash), and to indicate the continental pronuciation (father) Derivative - Correct Answer-A word made from another by adding a suffix or prefix Visual Memory - Correct Answer-Ability to retain the visual image of a two-dimensional symbol Co-morbidity - Correct Answer-The coexistence of related disorders Congential - Correct Answer-Existing at or dating from birth Content Processor - Correct Answer-One of four interactive processors that serve as a model for how the reading system works. Processes the construction of the content with input from the phonological, orthographic and meaning processors. Double Deficit - Correct Answer-Deficit in phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming. Dyslexia - Correct Answer-A specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin and is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor spelling and decoding abilities. Deficit in the phonological component of language. Learning Disabilities - Correct Answer-A generic term that refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders manifested by significant difficulties in the acquisition and use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning and mathematical abilities or social skills. Due to central nervous system dysfunction. Meaning Processor - Correct Answer-Processes knowledge of word meanings. Neuroimaging - Correct Answer-Diagnostic method of viewing brain structures and activity through the use of nuclear technology, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuropsychology - Correct Answer-A science that integrates psychological observations of behavior and mind with the observations of the brain Orthographic Processor - Correct Answer-Processes the perception of letter sequences Phonological Processing - Correct Answer-Perception, interpretation, recall and production of language at the level of the speech sound system. Phonological Processor - Correct Answer-Processes the mapping of letters to their spoken equivalents. Word Blindness - Correct Answer-Term used in the late 19th and early 20th century for dyslexia. Hinchelwood coined the term. ADHD - Correct Answer-Short attention span, hyperactive motor behavior, impulsive or poor impulse control, inattentive, does not finish things, fails to heed instructions, low frustration tolerance, difficulty completing tasks, restless, talks excessively, immature social behavior, fidget, etc. Dyscalculia - Correct Answer-Failure to learn quantity concepts, number symbols and manipulation of number symbols. Dysgraphia - Correct Answer-Difficulty in learning handwriting despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, etc. and difficulty in putting thoughts on paper. Dysnomia - Correct Answer-Difficulty in word finding. Ex: Can't find the word quick enough, whats that thing, that thing over there, that Dysphasia - Correct Answer-Loss of ability to use or understand language due to a brain injury or disease. Motor System Disorder - Correct Answer-Incoordination and clumsiness. Oral Language Disorder - Correct Answer-Expressive language delay-expressing spoken language. Receptive language delay- delay in understanding spoken language. Accommodations - Correct Answer-Changes within the general classroom to enable students to keep up with the education program, such as intensive instruction, reduced assignments, adapted test procedures, use of computers, calculators and tape recorders. Achievement Tests - Correct Answer-A test of the student's academic achievement.