Biology Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2023, Exams of Biology

Download Biology Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2023 and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Cambridge International AS & A Level ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units. INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 100. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. This document has 28 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. DC (CE/SG) 315750/3 © UCLES 2023 [Turn over 1 (a) Fig. 1.1 is a drawing of a longitudinal section (LS) of a human kidney. 9700/42 BIOLOGY Paper 4 A Level Structured Questions May/June 2023 2 hours You must answer on the question paper. No additional materials are needed. INSTRUCTIONS 2 Fig. 1.1 Use the letters A, B, C and D in Fig. 1.1 to complete Table 1.1. Each letter may be used once, more than once or not at all. For each description, list all the letters that are correct. Table 1.1 description region of kidney location of loops of Henle ........................ location of Bowman’s capsules ........................ location of glomeruli ........................ contains urine at final concentration ........................ [4] (b) The volume and water potential of the urine produced by the kidney vary according to the water potential of the blood. This is a result of osmoregulation. Describe the role of aquaporins in osmoregulation. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... D A B C 5 culture to which IPTG added culture to which lactose added control culture Fig. 2.2 (i) The regulatory sequences of the lac operon contained in the recombinant plasmid are involved in the control of transcription of the gene IFNA2. Explain the role of the gene lacI in the control of transcription of the IFNA2 gene between 0 hours and 4 hours. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [2] (ii) With reference to Fig. 2.2, describe the changes in the concentration of recombinant IFN- in the culture containing IPTG from when IPTG was added at 4 hours to the end of the experiment at 28 hours. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iii) Suggest one reason for the difference between the concentration of recombinant IFN- in the culture at 8 hours in the presence of lactose and the concentration of recombinant IFN- in the culture at 8 hours in the presence of IPTG. ........................................................................................................................................... 0 0 10 20 time / hours 30 100 200 300 concentration of IFN-  /  g dm –3 key 6 ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (iv) Suggest one reason for the change in the concentration of recombinant IFN- in the culture containing IPTG from 12 hours to 16 hours. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (b) The gene AMPR in the plasmid shown in Fig. 2.1 codes for a protein that provides resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin. Suggest how AMPR allows genetically engineered E. coli containing the recombinant plasmid to be identified. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [1] (c) Bacteria can evolve antibiotic resistance through natural processes. Outline how bacteria can evolve to become resistant to antibiotics. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 7 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [5] [Total: 13] 10 (iii) Suggest one advantage, other than cost, of farming GM salmon that produce increased quantities of growth hormone instead of farming non-GM salmon that are injected with recombinant growth hormone each week. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [1] [Total: 10] 4 Array comparative genome hybridisation (aCGH) is a technique involving the use of a microarray to analyse a genome or sections of a genome. (a) Outline the steps required to prepare the genome of an individual so that the genome is ready for analysis using a microarray chip. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (b) DiGeorge syndrome is a dominant inherited disease in humans. DiGeorge syndrome is caused by deletion of a large number of nucleotides from chromosome 22. The number of nucleotides deleted varies between individuals in a range from 800 000 to 3 100 000. The largest deletions can cause the removal of up to 46 protein-coding genes from the chromosome. Fig. 4.1 shows the results of aCGH using a microarray specific for the section of chromosome 22 within which the DiGeorge syndrome deletion occurs. The microarray analysed DNA from two individuals: • one with DiGeorge syndrome • one who did not have DiGeorge syndrome (control DNA for comparison). In the aCGH results shown in Fig. 4.1: • Each small circle represents the results from a single probe on the microarray. • The x-axis shows the position of each probe on chromosome 22. The position is shown as distance along the chromosome in millions of nucleotides. 11 • A result close to 100% fluorescence on the y-axis means that the DNA from the individual with DiGeorge syndrome fluoresces at the same intensity as the control DNA for that probe. • A result close to 50% fluorescence on the y-axis means that the DNA from the individual with DiGeorge syndrome fluoresces half as much as the control DNA for that probe. / millions of nucleotides Fig. 4.1 (i) With reference to Fig. 4.1, estimate the number of nucleotides deleted from the affected chromosome 22 in the individual with DiGeorge syndrome. Give your answer to the nearest 100 000 nucleotides. ..................................................................................................................................... [1] (ii) Explain how the microarray technique works to give the results shown in Fig. 4.1. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] (iii) Suggest why the phenotypes of two individuals with DiGeorge syndrome can be different. ........................................................................................................................................... 12 ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [3] [Total: 10] 15 [Total: 8] 16 (a) © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 6 Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of a section through a mitochondrion. Fig. 6.1 The four arrows, A, B, C and D, show the movement of molecules and ions. Use the letters to identify all the arrows (one or more) that show: (i) active transport of protons .......................................................... [1] (ii) diffusion of carbon dioxide. .......................................................... [1] (b) Outline the role of the mitochondrial matrix in respiration. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] (c) Explain how a lack of oxygen affects oxidative phosphorylation. ................................................................................................................................................... D A C B 17 © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 [Turn over ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [4] [Total: 9] 20 (a) © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [3] [Total: 7] 8 Describe the functions of the internal membranes of the chloroplast in photosynthesis. ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... 21 © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 [Turn over ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [7] (b) Rubisco activase (RA) is an enzyme that has an effect on the activity of rubisco. An investigation was carried out on the effect of RA on the activity of rubisco. • Solutions of rubisco and RuBP were added to two tubes, A and B. • RA was added to tube A. • Both tubes were incubated at 25 °C for 6 minutes. • The activity of rubisco was measured every 30 seconds. All conditions were kept the same, except for the addition of RA to tube A. The results are shown in Fig. 8.1. 0 1 time / min Fig. 8.1 Describe the results shown in Fig. 8.1 and suggest an explanation for the effect of RA on the activity of rubisco. ................................................................................................................................................... 0 3 5 2 4 6 4 2 8 6 10 12 rubisco activity / arbitrary units A B 22 (a) © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. [4] [Total: 11] 9 Fig. 9.1 is a diagram of a relaxed sarcomere in striated muscle. Z-line M-line Z-line Fig. 9.1 (i) On Fig. 9.1, use label lines and letters to label: • an actin filament with the letter P • a myosin filament with the letter R. [2] (ii) State what happens to the A-band and the I-band when the sarcomere contracts. A-band ............................................................................................................................... I - band I - band A-band 25 © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 2010 9 618 2013 11 212 2016 12 630 2019 14 234 (i) Calculate the rate of increase in the number of endangered species between 2007 and 2019. Show your working. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. rate of increase = ................................................. per year [2] (ii) More species of fish were listed as endangered in 2019 than species of mammals. Suggest reasons why more fish species than mammal species are endangered. ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................................... [4] [Total: 12] BLANK PAGE 26 © UCLES 2023 9700/42/F/M/23 Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series. Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. 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