Cambridge International AS and A Level Sociology Chapter 1 Exam Solutions, Exams of Nursing

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Cambridge International AS and A

Level Sociology Chapter 1 exam

solution

Culture - answer -the way of life of a particular group of people. Material culture - answer -the objects people produce related to their culture. Non-material culture - answer -the ideas and beliefs they create in related to their culture. Beliefs - answer -Ideas that are accepted as true, wither or not they are supported by evidence.

Social order - answer -the behavior patterns and regularities established by societies that make social action possible. Scientific method - answer -a way of generating knowledge about the world through an objective, systematic and controlled research. Positivism - answer -a methodology based on the principle that it is possible and desirable to study the social world in broadly the same way that natural scientists study the natural world. Capitalism - answer -an economic system based on the pursuit of private profit. Social change - answer -on macro level, it involves a major shift in the political, economic or cultural order (such as the change from feudalism to capitalism or pre- modern to modern society). Weberian theory - answer -a sociological perspective, driving from the work of Max Weber, focused on understanding and explaining social action.

Hypothesis: - answer -statement or question that can be systematically tested. Researcher bias - answer -a condition in which the presence or behavior of the researcher introduces uncontrolled variables into the research, making it unreliable or invalid. Interpretivism - answer -a methodology based on the principle that social behavior can only be understood subjectively, by understanding how people interpret situations and, by so doing, give them meaning. Value-freedom - answer -the general principle that the conduct and findings of the research process should not be influenced by the values of the researcher. Postmodernism - answer -the microsociological perspective that rejects the modernist claim that the social world can be understood rationally and empirically. Objectivity - answer -freedom from personal or institutional bias. Respondent - answer -a person who is the subject of a research process or who responds to the research.

Feminism - answer -a bread range of approaches dealing with male-female relationship from the perspective of the latter. Gender - answer -the social characteristics different societies assign to individuals based on an understanding of their biological or social differences. Where biological sex refers to ideas like male and female, gender refers to ideas about masculinity and femininity. Social policy - answer -a set of ideas and actions pursued by governments to meet a particular social objective. Social problem - answer -the behavior is seen to cause public friction and/or private misery, usually involving some form of public outcry or call for action. Social control - answer -the various mechanisms, such as rewards and punishments, that individuals and societies use to maintain order. Modern industrial society - answer -type of society characterized by particular forms of political, economic (mass production, manufacturing) and cultural (science, reason) belief and practices.

Determinism - answer -the claim that human behavior is shaped by forces beyond the immediate control of individuals such as social structure or "society". Economic determinism - answer -the idea that the form taken by economic relationships (such as master and serf in feudal society or employer and an employee is capitalist society) is the most significant relationship in any society. Relations of production - answer -in Marxist theory, the social relationship into which people must enter in order to survive, to produce and reproduce their means of life. Forces of production - answer -in Marxist theory, this refers to how everything- from raw material through labor power to machinery- is organized in the productive process. Ideology - answer -a system of related beliefs. Radical feminism - answer -a form of feminism that sees females oppression in terms of patriarchal relationships.