Canine Behavior and Training: Insights for Responsible Pet Ownership, Exams of Nursing

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CPDT-KA Study Guide Complete

Questions & Solutions (Scored A+)

Species Designation - ANSWERCanis Lupis Familiaris What does "Tame" mean? - ANSWER(v) to domesticate; (adj) a domesticated animal which is not dangerous or frightened of people; What is "Domestication"? - ANSWER(v) Adapting an animal (or plant) to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of humans; (adj- "domestic") An animal that has undergone extensive behavioral and biological changes resulting from selective breeding over the course of many generations resulting in tameness What does "Neoteny" mean? - ANSWERThe retention of immature characteristics in adulthood *Many modern dog breeds retain neotenous characteristics. What does "Phylogeny" mean? - ANSWERThe evolutionary history of an organism What is "Phylogenetic Behavior" (in dogs)? - ANSWERBehaviors common to the dog as a species: *Food acquisition *Hazard avoidance, safety/comfort seeking *Reproductive behaviors What are "Fixed Action Patterns"? - ANSWERInnate or phylogenetic behaviors which must be completed before the animal stops; Examples: urine marking even if the dog has no urine remaining in system or circling before laying on a blanket What is "Ontogenetic Behavior"? - ANSWERA response to environmental influences. It is learned, has be rewarded, and can be modified. ie. dog running to name after being fed previously when name was called Tempermant - ANSWERNature v. Nurture; Learned v. Innate. Instinctive Drift - ANSWERThe Breland Effect. The prepotency of strong instinctive behavior patterns over those which have been conditioned. Wherever an animal had strong instructive behavior, the organism will drift toward instinctive behavior to the detriment of the conditioned behavior. Critical Periods - ANSWER3-16 weeks. Socialization window begins to diminish by 16 weeks.

Testosterone - ANSWERInfluences behaviors such as mounting, mating, searching for females, scent marking, and aggression. If the dog has a history of being reinforced for such behaviors, that behavior now has a conditioned element and doesn't depend on testosterone. Female Hormones - ANSWEREstrogen and progesterone. Estrus twice a year. 20 days duration. Spaying does not reduce aggression levels in females. Instead may increase. Neuropsychology - ANSWERRelationship between the brain and the body. Engrams - ANSWERMuscle Memory. Development and storage of familiar motor action. The neural pathways. Reticular Activating System (RAS) - ANSWERAttention center of the brain. Where things are perceived, processed, and acted upon. Tuning out things that are unimportant. Limbic System - ANSWERNetwork of cells in the brain that integrates instinct and learning. Also involved emotions such as fear. When active Cerebral Cortex is inactive. Cerebral Cortex - ANSWERCognitive Functions, such as learning and problem solving. When active, Limbic System is inactive. Oppositional Reflex - ANSWERIf you pull one way, the dog will pull the other. Social Hierarchy - ANSWERFlexible. Subordinate members show submissive behaviors to dominant members, than dominant individual displays of their super rank. Dominance is not the same as aggression. Relationships establish over time by numerous interactions. Phermones - ANSWERProduced by lactating females are thought to create a sense of well-being in their puppies. Baseline Posture - ANSWERDog is relaxed. Muscles are fluid and move gracefully.Not too bold, not too worried. Mutual Curving Nose to Tail - ANSWERGreeting behavior Bow - ANSWERAll in good fun. Hackles - ANSWERPiloerection. Indicates arousal. Stress Behavior - ANSWERHappy or unhappy state. Abstract and subjective. Good stress and bad stress.

Signs: panting, drooling, trembling, sweaty paws, tense body, shedding and dandruff, change in eyes. Fearful Behavior - ANSWERContextual. Release of adrenaline, cortisol, and other chemicals. Signs: tucked tail, avoids eyes, pulled back or flattened ears, may urinate or defecate, freezing, creeping, attempts to escape. Reactive, Excitable Behavior - ANSWERPoor impulse control. Trigger hair response: fear, aggression, friendly. Ambivalence - ANSWERBeing in conflict. Unsure, undecided. Body shows both offensive and defensive postures at same time. Displacement Behavior - ANSWERSigns dog is trying to "hold it together". Dog is in conflict. Signs: yawning, lip licking, scratching, Calming Signals - ANSWERYawning, tongue flick, ground sniffing, blinking, turning away, scratching, averting eyes Agonistic Behaviors - ANSWERBehaviors used in response to social conflict or competitive encounters. Avoidance, Appeasement, Submission Forms of Aggression - ANSWERFear, Dominance, Possessive, Protective, Territorial, Pain-related, Redirected, Socially-Facilitated Learning Theory - ANSWERLearn by association. An organism can experience three outcomes/consequences for its behavior: something good, something bad, or nothing at all Classical Conditioning - ANSWERThe learned association between two events; One event is neutral and one event elicits an unconditioned response. Forms a relationship between two stimuli Operant Conditioning - ANSWERLearning by association with what happens after the behavior. Forms an association between a behavior and a consequence ABC - ANSWERAntecedent Behavior Consequence Reinforcement - ANSWERR Increase Behavior

Positive - ANSWER+ Add something Negative - ANSWER- Take something away Punishment - ANSWERP Decrease Behavior Extinction - ANSWERExtinguish. Only applies to behaviors that have been fueled with attention, food, physical contact, freedom or other rewards Extinction Burst - ANSWERBehavior temporarily gets worse, not better Spontaneous Recovery - ANSWERExtinct behavior can recur in the future if the trigger in presented again Primary Reinforcer - ANSWERSomething the dog values Food, play, toys, etc Secondary Reinforcer - ANSWEREvent that marks the behavior; Verbal or clicker; aka Conditioned reinforcer, bridging stimulus, bridge, promise, predictor, marker Food rewards - ANSWERActivates the dog's parasympathic nervous system Continuous Schedule of Reinforcement - ANSWERFor acquisition; Reinforced for every correct response Variable Schedules of Reinforcement VSR - ANSWERReward is absolutely random; No set pattern; Differential Reinforcement - precision Limited Hold - duration Jackpots - unusually large reward Emitted Behavior - ANSWEROffered Spontaneously Elicited Behavior - ANSWERHelp performing the behavior Physical Modeling - ANSWERPhysically manipulate into position Luring - ANSWERLead the dog into performing behavior while tempting with reinforcer Target Training - ANSWERApplying an object the dog is already taught to interact with Capturing Behavior - ANSWERObserving and reinforcing a spontaneous behavior

Shaping - ANSWERRewarding successive approximations fora desired behavior Chaining - ANSWERTeaching smaller behaviors separately then combining them Backward Chaining - ANSWERSame as chaining but teaching the last behavior first Premack Principle - ANSWERA high-probability behavior, something the dog loves to do, can be sued to reward a low-probability behavior Cueing - ANSWERVerbal or signal; Does are visual and may respond better to signals; Environmental cues - everyday cues that illicit behavior Overshadowing - ANSWERThe most important detail in the environment (from the dog's point of view) can cover up other details present Blocking - ANSWERPreviously learned cue conflicts with a newly learned one Salience - ANSWERNoticeable Stimulus Control - ANSWERSeveral dimensions of how a dog responds to a cue; Dog is under stimulus control if it does not: Refuse to give behavior, Give a different behavior, Give behavior for different cue, Give behavior without cue Superstitious Behavior - ANSWERCoincidental learning of some irrelevant behavior along with desired one; Usually the result of accidental reinforcement What is a dog's normal body temperature range? - ANSWER99.5 to 102.5 F When will a female dog have her first heat cycle? - ANSWERBetween 6 months to 1. years of age depending on breed When are puppies weaned? - ANSWER4 to 8 weeks; Puppies should not be removed from mother earlier than 8 weeks; Ideal time with mom is 12 weeks When do maternal antibodies fade from a puppy's system? - ANSWERBetween 6 to 16 weeks of age When is the socialization window? - ANSWER3 to 14 -16 weeks; Pups' brains can make long-term changes in response to social input When should a puppy begin puppy classes? - ANSWER8 weeks Puppies can start class one to two weeks after their first vaccine for distemper, parvo and adenovirus

When should puppies start their vaccination schedule? - ANSWER6 to 8 weeks of age What happens if you wait to start puppy class until after all vaccines are complete ( weeks)? - ANSWERLimits socialization and risks development of unwanted and even dangerous behaviors What are attenuated vaccines? - ANSWERVaccines altered in some way to prevent inducing serious disease What does DHLPP stand for? - ANSWERDistemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, & Parvovirus Distemper - ANSWERAirborne viral disease of the lungs, intestines and brain; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Hepatitis - ANSWERViral disease of the liver; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Leptospirosis - ANSWERBacterial disease of the urinary tract; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Parainfluenza - ANSWERInfectious bronchitis; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Parvovirus - ANSWERViral disease of the intestines; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Corona - ANSWERViral disease of the intestines; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks Bordatella - ANSWERBacterial infection of the upper respiratory system (kennel cough); Yearly vaccinations after 1 year of age Rabies - ANSWERViral disease fatal to humans and other animals; First vaccination at 16 weeks with booster 1 year later and boosters every 3 years after Heartworm - ANSWERInternal Parasite Mosquito born/transmitted; Attacks the heart; Active ingredient in medication- ivermectin When should puppies receive their first heartworm test? - ANSWER7 to 9 months of age What are gastrointestinal parasites? - ANSWERParasites which damage the gastrointestinal tract and steal nutrients; Often found in puppies; Include roundworms, tapeworms and hookworms

What are whipworms? - ANSWERInternal parasites contracted from ingesting contaminated matter (food, water, feces, flesh, etc.); Symptoms: large bowel inflammation, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, and weight loss What are hookworms? - ANSWERIntestinal parasites which feed on blood in the lining of the small intestine; Contracted from contact with contaminated soil/feces or an infected mother; Symptoms: dark feces, lethargy, anemia, pale gums Capable of being contracted by humans but don't inhabit human intestines; Migrate under skin and cause itch red rash that often goes away by itself What are roundworms? - ANSWERIntestinal parasites contracted in utero, through nursing, or through contact with contaminated soil or feces. Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, poor coat, enlarged abdomen What are tapeworms? - ANSWERInternal parasites contracted by ingesting contaminated hosts (fleas/small animals); Symptoms: Itchy bottom, scooting, white segments resembling grains of rice around anus or in feces What are external parasites? - ANSWERParasites which feed on blood and potentially cause anemia; Include fleas and ticks; Ticks can cause Lyme Disease and Anaplasmosis while ingesting fleas can infect a dog with tapeworms What are the risks of obesity in dogs? - ANSWERCardiovascular disease and metabolic illnesses such as pancreatitis and diabetes along with stress on joints and limbs that contributes to lameness; Should be able to feel ribs (without seeing them) and the dog's body should have hourglass shape When should a dog be spayed/neutered? - ANSWERThe procedure can be done as early as 6 weeks of age (for shelter animals); More commonly done after 16 weeks to promote full immune system development; Physical growth rate/outcome affected if done before fully physically developed (1 to 2.5 years of age); Spaying/neutering may prevent sexually dimorphic behaviors and protects against uterine cancer, pyometra, prostate cancer, mammary cancer, testicular cancer, and unwanted pregnancy Hydrocephalus - ANSWERExcessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the brain; Learning delays or failures; Slow or absent to housebreak, irritability or aggression; More common in smaller breeds or brachycephalic breeds Epilepsy - ANSWERSeizures; Can be as big as convulsions or as small as behaviors changes

Hypoglycemia - ANSWERBrain doesn't get sugar; Cause weakness, disoriented, irritable, failure to process information Hypothyroidism - ANSWERUnderactive thyroid gland; Can cause aggression, irritability, and anxiety Cushing's Disease - ANSWERToo much cortisone production; Cause irritability and reactivity CDS - ANSWERCognitive Dysfunction Syndrome; Older dog problem; Disorientation, disruption in sleep/wake cycle, house soiling Psychotropic Medications - ANSWERPrescribed by veterinarians; Treat anxiety and aggression