Canine Ethology, Learning Theory, and Husbandry, Exams of Nursing

Download Canine Ethology, Learning Theory, and Husbandry and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CPDT-KA Study Guide (Study cards for the CPDT-KA Exam. Cards covering Ethology, Learning Theory, and Husbandry) Complete 2023 Species Designation Answer- Canis Lupis Familiaris What does "Tame" mean? Answer- (v) to domesticate; (adj) a domesticated animal which is not dangerous or frightened of people; What is "Domestication"? Answer- (v) Adapting an animal (or plant) to life in intimate association with and to the advantage of humans; (adj- "domestic") An animal that has undergone extensive behavioral and biological changes resulting from selective breeding over the course of many generations resulting in tameness What does "Neoteny" mean? Answer- The retention of immature characteristics in adulthood *Many modern dog breeds retain neotenous characteristics. What does "Phylogeny" mean? Answer- The evolutionary history of an organism What is "Phylogenetic Behavior" (in dogs)? Answer- Behaviors common to the dog as a species: *Food acquisition *Hazard avoidance, safety/comfort seeking *Reproductive behaviors What are "Fixed Action Patterns"? Answer- Innate or phylogenetic behaviors which must be completed before the animal stops; Examples: urine marking even if the dog has no urine remaining in system or circling before laying on a blanket What is "Ontogenetic Behavior"? Answer- A response to environmental influences. It is learned, has be rewarded, and can be modified. ie. dog running to name after being fed previously when name was called Tempermant Answer- Nature v. Nurture; Learned v. Innate. Instinctive Drift Answer- The Breland Effect. The prepotency of strong instinctive behavior patterns over those which have been conditioned. Wherever an animal had strong instructive behavior, the organism will drift toward instinctive behavior to the detriment of the conditioned behavior. Critical Periods Answer- 3-16 weeks. Socialization window begins to diminish by 16 weeks. Testosterone Answer- Influences behaviors such as mounting, mating, searching for females, scent marking, and aggression. If the dog has a history of being reinforced for such behaviors, that behavior now has a conditioned element and doesn't depend on testosterone. Female Hormones Answer- Estrogen and progesterone. Estrus twice a year. 20 days duration. Spaying does not reduce aggression levels in females. Instead may increase. Neuropsychology Answer- Relationship between the brain and the body. Engrams Answer- Muscle Memory. Development and storage of familiar motor action. The neural pathways. Reticular Activating System (RAS) Answer- Attention center of the brain. Where things are perceived, processed, and acted upon. Tuning out things that are unimportant. Limbic System Answer- Network of cells in the brain that integrates instinct and learning. Also involved emotions such as fear. When active Cerebral Cortex is inactive. Cerebral Cortex Answer- Cognitive Functions, such as learning and problem solving. When active, Limbic System is inactive. Oppositional Reflex Answer- If you pull one way, the dog will pull the other. Social Hierarchy Answer- Flexible. Subordinate members show submissive behaviors to dominant members, than dominant individual displays of their super rank. Dominance is not the same as aggression. Relationships establish over time by numerous interactions. Phermones Answer- Produced by lactating females are thought to create a sense of well-being in their puppies. Baseline Posture Answer- Dog is relaxed. Muscles are fluid and move gracefully.Not too bold, not too worried. Mutual Curving Nose to Tail Answer- Greeting behavior Bow Answer- All in good fun. Hackles Answer- Piloerection. Indicates arousal. Stress Behavior Answer- Happy or unhappy state. Abstract and subjective. Good stress and bad stress. Premack Principle Answer- A high-probability behavior, something the dog loves to do, can be sued to reward a low-probability behavior Cueing Answer- Verbal or signal; Does are visual and may respond better to signals; Environmental cues - everyday cues that illicit behavior Overshadowing Answer- The most important detail in the environment (from the dog's point of view) can cover up other details present Blocking Answer- Previously learned cue conflicts with a newly learned one Salience Answer- Noticeable Stimulus Control Answer- Several dimensions of how a dog responds to a cue; Dog is under stimulus control if it does not: Refuse to give behavior, Give a different behavior, Give behavior for different cue, Give behavior without cue Superstitious Behavior Answer- Coincidental learning of some irrelevant behavior along with desired one; Usually the result of accidental reinforcement What is a dog's normal body temperature range? Answer- 99.5 to 102.5 F When will a female dog have her first heat cycle? Answer- Between 6 months to 1.5 years of age depending on breed When are puppies weaned? Answer- 4 to 8 weeks; Puppies should not be removed from mother earlier than 8 weeks; Ideal time with mom is 12 weeks When do maternal antibodies fade from a puppy's system? Answer- Between 6 to 16 weeks of age When is the socialization window? Answer- 3 to 14 -16 weeks; Pups' brains can make long-term changes in response to social input When should a puppy begin puppy classes? Answer- 8 weeks Puppies can start class one to two weeks after their first vaccine for distemper, parvo and adenovirus When should puppies start their vaccination schedule? Answer- 6 to 8 weeks of age What happens if you wait to start puppy class until after all vaccines are complete (16 weeks)? Answer- Limits socialization and risks development of unwanted and even dangerous behaviors What are attenuated vaccines? Answer- Vaccines altered in some way to prevent inducing serious disease What does DHLPP stand for? Answer- Distemper, Hepatitis, Leptospirosis, Parainfluenza, & Parvovirus Distemper Answer- Airborne viral disease of the lungs, intestines and brain; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Hepatitis Answer- Viral disease of the liver; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Leptospirosis Answer- Bacterial disease of the urinary tract; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Parainfluenza Answer- Infectious bronchitis; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Parvovirus Answer- Viral disease of the intestines; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11- 12wks, and 15-16wks with yearly boosters Corona Answer- Viral disease of the intestines; Vaccinations at 6-8wks, 11-12wks, and 15-16wks Bordatella Answer- Bacterial infection of the upper respiratory system (kennel cough); Yearly vaccinations after 1 year of age Rabies Answer- Viral disease fatal to humans and other animals; First vaccination at 16 weeks with booster 1 year later and boosters every 3 years after Heartworm Answer- Internal Parasite Mosquito born/transmitted; Attacks the heart; Active ingredient in medication- ivermectin When should puppies receive their first heartworm test? Answer- 7 to 9 months of age What are gastrointestinal parasites? Answer- Parasites which damage the gastrointestinal tract and steal nutrients; Often found in puppies; Include roundworms, tapeworms and hookworms What are whipworms? Answer- Internal parasites contracted from ingesting contaminated matter (food, water, feces, flesh, etc.); Symptoms: large bowel inflammation, bloody diarrhea, dehydration, anemia, and weight loss What are hookworms? Answer- Intestinal parasites which feed on blood in the lining of the small intestine; Contracted from contact with contaminated soil/feces or an infected mother; Symptoms: dark feces, lethargy, anemia, pale gums Capable of being contracted by humans but don't inhabit human intestines; Migrate under skin and cause itch red rash that often goes away by itself What are roundworms? Answer- Intestinal parasites contracted in utero, through nursing, or through contact with contaminated soil or feces. Symptoms: vomiting, diarrhea, poor coat, enlarged abdomen What are tapeworms? Answer- Internal parasites contracted by ingesting contaminated hosts (fleas/small animals); Symptoms: Itchy bottom, scooting, white segments resembling grains of rice around anus or in feces What are external parasites? Answer- Parasites which feed on blood and potentially cause anemia; Include fleas and ticks; Ticks can cause Lyme Disease and Anaplasmosis while ingesting fleas can infect a dog with tapeworms What are the risks of obesity in dogs? Answer- Cardiovascular disease and metabolic illnesses such as pancreatitis and diabetes along with stress on joints and limbs that contributes to lameness; Should be able to feel ribs (without seeing them) and the dog's body should have hourglass shape When should a dog be spayed/neutered? Answer- The procedure can be done as early as 6 weeks of age (for shelter animals); More commonly done after 16 weeks to promote full immune system development; Physical growth rate/outcome affected if done before fully physically developed (1 to 2.5 years of age); Spaying/neutering may prevent sexually dimorphic behaviors and protects against uterine cancer, pyometra, prostate cancer, mammary cancer, testicular cancer, and unwanted pregnancy Hydrocephalus Answer- Excessive cerebrospinal fluid accumulated in the brain; Learning delays or failures; Slow or absent to housebreak, irritability or aggression; More common in smaller breeds or brachycephalic breeds Epilepsy Answer- Seizures; Can be as big as convulsions or as small as behaviors changes Hypoglycemia Answer- Brain doesn't get sugar; Cause weakness, disoriented, irritable, failure to process information Hypothyroidism Answer- Underactive thyroid gland; Can cause aggression, irritability, and anxiety Cushing's Disease Answer- Too much cortisone production; Cause irritability and reactivity CDS Answer- Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome; Older dog problem; Disorientation, disruption in sleep/wake cycle, house soiling Psychotropic Medications Answer- Prescribed by veterinarians; Treat anxiety and aggression