Capacity Building and Erikson's Stages of Development, Exams of Nursing

Download Capacity Building and Erikson's Stages of Development and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Certified Prevention Specialist CPS. CORRECT! _____represents the "values, norms, and traditions that affect how individuals of a particular group perceived, think, interact, behave, and make judgment about the world." Chamberlain (2005). - answer ✅✅Culture "______ ______" refers to increasing these resources and skills. Coalitions may be born in this stage of development. - answer ✅✅Capacity Building 1) Trust, which he linked to positive emotional relationships with caring adults 2) A strong sense of self-sufficiency 3) Ability to exercise initiative 4) Confidence in one's ability to master skills and navigate one's world 5) A well-formed sense of personal identity 6) A desire to be productive and contributing for future generations 7) The ability to experience true intimacy 8) A strong sense of personal integrity - answer ✅✅Erikson's Stages of Development A ______ _______ individual has an ability to understand, communicate, and effectively interact with people from different cultural backgrounds - a necessity in being an effective prevention community worker. - answer ✅✅culturally competent A behavior or belief that is commonly held by managing a community. It is often the focus of community-based prevention efforts (e.g., use of designated driver targeted a perception held by many, but not all, that drinking and driving was an acceptable behavior). - answer ✅✅Norms A capacity building process through which a community of individuals, organizations, policy makers, or governmental representatives plans, carries out, and evaluates activities on a participating basis to improve health or other needs. It empowers individuals and groups to take some kind of action to facilitate change based on needs they have identified. Communities may initiate the process themselves or maybe motivated by outsiders to act. - answer ✅✅Community Mobilization A) Indicator data. B) Qualitative data. C) Outcome data. D) Quantitative data. - answer ✅✅B) Qualitative data. A planning tool that enables a group or its manager to identify, among other things, the strategies, best practices, guiding principles, and evaluation plan. This can contribute to the establishment of direction and clarity of vision for the implementation group. - answer ✅✅Implementation Plan A prevention program that has been designated as a best practice means: A) It has been adapted by many prevention programs throughout the country. B) It reflects the specific cultural needs of the community. C) It needs to involve a skilled, experienced program director. D) It has been shown through research and evaluation to be effective. - answer ✅✅D) It has been shown through research and evaluation to be effective. A prevention strategy aimed at informing broad segments of society is called a: A) Universal program. B) Selected program. C) Indicated program. D) Risk and protective approach. - answer ✅✅A) Universal program. A program that has been researched and found to be effective is known as: A) Proven. B) Best Practice. C) Promising. D) Excellent. - answer ✅✅B) Best Practice. A prop or other image used to enhance a presentation, such as pictures, graphs, drawings, charts, videos, etc. - answer ✅✅Visual aids A research design in which the researcher has control over the selection of participants in the study and their random assignment to treatment and control (experimental) groups. Experimental design maximizes the ability to attribute outcomes to a "treatment" (e.g., policy, program, or practice). - answer ✅✅Experimental Design A research design with some, but not all, of the characteristics of an experimental design. While comparison groups may be available and all feasible controls are used to minimize threats to validity, random selection is typically not possible or practical. - answer ✅✅Quasi-Experimental Design A resource assessment of the community would NOT include: A) Interviews with service providers. B) A review of archival data. C) A survey of prevention program directors/staff. D) A review of program documents. - answer ✅✅B) A review of archival data. A strategy used to educate or communicate healthy behaviors as practiced by a majority of the public or selected group (e.g., rather than state 25% of high school seniors binge drink every month, a social norms approach would highlight the fact that 75% of our seniors do not engage in monthly binge drinking). - answer ✅✅Social Norms Marketing A systematic process for examining the current conditions and identifying the level of risk and protection within a community. It should also include the documentation of resources available in the community to address the problem areas. - answer ✅✅Needs Assessment A) Policies and procedures a youth program can do to promote youth development. B) A focus on protective factors. C) A focus on adolescent risk factors. D) Mentor relationships. - answer ✅✅A) Policies and procedures a youth program can do to promote youth development. Acts against a person or people that involve physical harm or the threat of physical harm. - answer ✅✅Violence After community readiness is assessed, what comes next in Step 1 of successful prevention program execution? A) Selecting a target population. B) Community mobilization. C) Surveying community needs. D) Identifying program leadership. - answer ✅✅B) Community mobilization. An approach to becoming culturally competent would include: I. Becoming fully aware of one's own cultural history. II. Becoming aware of how other cultures are portrayed in the media. III. Acknowledging the historical relationships of one's own cultural background with that of other cultural groups. A) I and III only. B) II and III only. C) III only. D) All of the above. - answer ✅✅D) All of the above. An approach, since adopted by CSAP and the prevention field that: 1) view prevention as part of an overall continuum of services, concluding with treatment; 2) identifies three levels of prevention: universal, selected, and indicated that refers to populations at varying levels of risk involving substances which in turn dictates that level and type of prevention services appropriate for the level of risk evident in the various population groupings. - answer ✅✅Institution of Medicine (IOM) Model An example of an effective environmental approach to substance abuse prevention is: A) School-based curriculum highlighting community risks. B) Server intervention training. C) Program serving student drop-outs. D) Mass media campaign on meth addiction issues. - answer ✅✅B) Server intervention training. An example of an indicated prevention strategy includes: A) Student Assistance Program (SAP). B) Media Campaign. C) Schools Assemblies. D) Social Norm Program. - answer ✅✅A) Student Assistance Program (SAP). An example of an Information Dissemination approach would be: A) Classroom presentation on the dangers of illegal drugs. B) Mass media campaign on methamphetamine addiction. C) Server intervention training workshops. D) Student Assistance Programs. - answer ✅✅B) Mass media campaign on methamphetamine addiction. An individual or organization with a direct or indirect investment in a project or program (e.g., participants, funders, managers, people not served by the program, community members). - answer ✅✅Stakeholders An objective statement: A) Is time specific and measurable. B) Identifies specific individuals and their responsibilities. A) A young person feels he or she has control over "things that happen to me." B) A young person has low tolerance for dealing with frustration. C) A young person experiences caring neighbors and adults they can trust. D) A young person places high value on helping others. - answer ✅✅B) A young person has low tolerance for dealing with frustration. Copyright permission is only required for: A) Written materials. B) Songs. C) Videotapes. D) All of the above. - answer ✅✅D) All of the above. Created by Search Institute, the values, commitments, competencies, and self-perceptions to be nurtured in every young person. They are: Commitment to learning: Achievement motivation, School engagement, Homework, Bonding to school, and Reading for pleasure; Positive values: Caring, Equality and social justice, Integrity, Honesty, Responsibility, and Restraint; Social skills: Planning and decision-making, Interpersonal skills, Cultural competence, Resistance skills, and Peaceful conflict resolution; Positive identity: Personal power, Self-esteem, Sense of purpose, and Positive view of personal future. - answer ✅✅Internal Assets Created by Search Institute, these are provided by the family, school, and community. They are Support: Family support, Positive family communication, Other adult relationships, Caring neighborhood/community, Caring school climate, and Parent involvement in school; Empowerment: Community values youth, Youth given useful roles, Youth volunteers in the community, and Safety; Boundaries and expectations: Family boundaries, School boundaries, Neighborhood/Community boundaries, Adult role models, Positive peer influence, and High expectations; and Constructive use of time: Creative and cultural activities, Youth programs, Religious community, and Time at home. - answer ✅✅External Assets CSAP Strategies - answer ✅✅1) Information Dissemination 2) Prevention Education 3) Alternative Activities 4) Problem Identification and Referral 5) Community-Based Processes 6) Environmental Approaches. Data that already exists and that are maintained by an organization or entity. Typically, this refers to collected data repositories maintained by state agencies, such as Highway Patrol (for DUI accidents and fatalities), Health Services (for AOD related hospitalizations), and Treatment admissions for AOD substance use problems. - answer ✅✅Archival Data Data that are created through the use of surveys to record beliefs, attitudes, and consumption patterns. - answer ✅✅Survey Data Evaluation has several distinguishing characteristics relating to focus, methodology, and function. Evaluation: 1) assesses the effectiveness of an ongoing program in achieving its objectives; 2) relies on the standards of study design to distinguish a program's effects from those of other forces; and 3) aims at program improvement through assessment and possible modification of current operations. - answer ✅✅Evaluation Examples of methods used for the strategy Alternative Activities - answer ✅✅1) Drug-free Social and Recreational Activities 2) Drug-free Dances and Parties 3) Youth and Adult Leadership Activities 4) Community Drop-in Centers 5) Community Service Activities 6) Mentoring Programs Examples of methods used for the strategy Community- Based Processes - answer ✅✅1) Community and healthy beliefs and clear standards. - answer ✅✅Protective Factors Findings about effective prevention programs as identified through research. - answer ✅✅Guiding Principles Focuses on activities that nurture developmental assets rather than on reducing particular risks or preventing specific problems. - answer ✅✅Youth Development Model If AOD abuse Prevention Specialists want to measure attitudes, values, decision making, community coordination, or cultural identification, they would use a: A) Family system research and assessment instrument. B) Psychiatric research and assessment instrument. C) Group social psychological research instrument. D) Social work research and assessment instrument. - answer ✅✅C) Group social psychological research instrument. If your community coalition lacks participation from a specific ethnic community you should: A) Go with the group that has volunteered to serve in your coalition. B) Invite them to your next planning meeting. C) Wait until the current coalition is completed with its work. D) Have collation members go to their community and ask them to participate. - answer ✅✅D) Have collation members go to their community and ask them to participate. In a communication process, this is the person conveying the information. - answer ✅✅Sender In order to increase diverse community involvement in a coalition, you should: A) Present at the schools in the target communities. B) Use flyers in the desired communities. C) Use public events (e.g., fairs) to advertise your needs. D) Get coalition members to go directly to their targeted community and recruit potential members. - answer ✅✅D) Get coalition members to go directly to their targeted community and recruit potential members. In selecting a prevention program, what should you do? A) Select the program with community input. B) Base decision on what other prevention programs are doing. C) Base selection on the prevention literature. D) Select a universal-based approach. - answer ✅✅A) Select the program with community input. In the public health model, this is the AOD substance of concern causing harm to the individual (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, other drug). This acts directly on the "host" (individual) and is influenced by the "environment" (community, culture, norms settings, politics, and values). - answer ✅✅Agent In the public health model, what represents the broader context in which the "agent" interacts with the "host." In AOD planning, this would includes the community, culture, norms, laws and regulation that affect the distribution and availability of the "agent" (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs). By changing the this it is expected that changes will occur with the "agent's" availability leading to reduced problems with the "host" (individual). - answer ✅✅Environment In the Public Health Model, who is the individual or person affected by the public health problem (e.g., the "agent"; for prevention - alcohol, tobacco and other drugs). - answer ✅✅Host In your role as a facilitator and Prevention Specialist, you would NOT: A) Select the prevention program approach for them. B) Assure a neutral position is a heated discussion. Leadership style characterized by independent decision making, delegation of explicit roles to team members, close supervision, and valuing those team members who align with their goals. - answer ✅✅Director Leadership style that focuses on assigning responsibilities to others and allowing them to follow- through independently. - answer ✅✅Delegator Leadership style where group members are engaged in the problem-solving process and the leader makes decisions based on input from group members. - answer ✅✅Problem Solver Leadership style with an emphasis on empowering others to make decisions. - answer ✅✅Developer Media campaigns dealing with prevention techniques affect audiences by: A) Educating the public. B) Increasing problem awareness. C) Changing attitudes toward the behavior. D) Changing the behavior. - answer ✅✅B) Increasing problem awareness. Mobilizing community members to participate in a community prevention effort is an example of: A) Community readiness. B) Problem prioritization. C) Coalition building. D) Community needs assessment. - answer ✅✅C) Coalition building. Narrative or graphical depictions of processes in real life that communicate the underlying assumptions upon which an activity is expected to lead to a specific result. Logic models illustrate a sequence of cause-and- effect relationships - a systems approach to communicate the path toward a desired result. - answer ✅✅Logic Model Not just hearing but also processing the information conveyed. - answer ✅✅Listening One of CSAP's Six Prevention Strategies that aims to identify those who have engaged in drug use in order to determine whether their behavior can be reversed through education (e.g., Student Assistance Programs [SAP]), or whether they need a referral for a chemical dependency assessment. Examples include DUI education programs or SAPs. - answer ✅✅Problem Identification and Referral One of CSAP's Six Prevention Strategies that includes providing information about the nature and extent of drug use, abuse, and addiction and the effects on individuals, families, and communities. It also includes information about the availability of prevention services. A characteristic of this strategy is a one-way communication mechanism. - answer ✅✅Information Dissemination One of CSAP's Six Prevention Strategies that involves two-way communication, generally a facilitator/educator, and a group of learners (participants). Examples include classroom presentations, parenting and family management classes, and groups for children of substance abusers. - answer ✅✅Prevention Education One of the goals of prevention is to learn about long- term effects on our culture. The type of assessment needed to measure these effects is called: A) Outcome Assessment. B) Cultural Diversity Assessment. C) Process Assessment. D) Long-Term Assessment. - answer ✅✅B) Cultural Diversity Assessment. Prevention strategies, activities, or approaches that have been shown through research and evaluation to be effective in the prevention and/or delay of substance use or abuse. - answer ✅✅Best Practices Programs and strategies that have been shown through research to be ineffective at preventing substance abuse. - answer ✅✅Unproven Program Strategies Referring to the provision of assistance to an agency or organization requiring information to improve operational procedures. It can be done through written materials, telephone contact, email, or on-site visits. All topics and subjects can be addressed through this. - answer ✅✅Technical Assistance Refers to the manner in which information is gathered in an evaluation. It can include interviews, surveys, focus groups, document reviews, and observations. - answer ✅✅Data Collection Methods Refers to the type of substance, amount, and frequency of use. At times, the place/occasion of use is also noted. This information is typically picked up in individually administered surveys. - answer ✅✅Patterns of Consumption Repositories of data compiled by public agencies to document social conditions or other indicators in their policy area. Often provide information about trends in national, regional, state, and local circumstances that may be useful in establishing baselines against which program effectiveness can be measured (e.g., state highway patrol is usually the source for DUI arrests, accidents, and fatalities). - answer ✅✅Archival Data Resilience is the ability of an individual to cope with or overcome the negative effects of "risk" factors or to "bounce-back" from a problem (e.g., substance abuse). - answer ✅✅Resilience Sam, a prevention specialist, is going to a new community and the culture of the community is not the same as his. What should he do first? A) Go to the community and ask to meet the community leaders. B) Review the literature and gather academic information about the community. C) Find a key informant. D) Assess the community's readiness. - answer ✅✅A) Go to the community and ask to meet the community leaders. Selective - answer ✅✅Those programs and strategies designed to target specific groups at greater risk for AOD substance abuse problems (e.g. school dropouts, foster youths, incarcerated youths, children of alcoholics). SOS Structure - answer ✅✅Services, Opportunities, and Supports Spurring a community to take action. - answer ✅✅Community Mobilization Statements that, minimally, have four main qualities that distinguish them from goals or mission statements. They are: 1) specific, 2) measurable, 3) achievable, and 4) timebound. - answer ✅✅Objective Statements Strategies that aim to enhance the ability of the community to more effectively provide prevention and treatment services for substance abuse. Services in this strategy include organizing, planning, and enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of services implementation, interagency collaboration, coalition building, and networking. - answer ✅✅Community-Based Processes Survey - answer ✅✅The collection of information from a common group through interviews, or the application of questionnaires to a representative sample of that group. Targeted programs are: A) High-impact, highly focused programs for risk reduction. B) Low-impact, broadly publicized programs for interdiction. personnel support and resources available. - answer ✅✅Community Readiness The fear of public speaking. - answer ✅✅Speech Anxiety The Five Cs - answer ✅✅1) Competence, 2) Confidence, 3) Connection, 4) Character, and 5) Caring or Compassion The formal names given to community mobilization types of efforts. All share a common theme: a group of individuals and/or agencies agreeing to work together for a common purpose. They may vary in formality, size, and composition. To be most effective, these community mobilizing efforts should have a membership that reflects the broader community. Cultural awareness and sensitivity are hallmarks of successful community mobilizing efforts. - answer ✅✅Community Partnerships Collaboratives Coalitions The individual(s) who take in the message from the Sender that was conveyed through the communication channel. - answer ✅✅Process Model of Communication The individual(s) who take in the message from the Sender that was conveyed through the communication channel. - answer ✅✅Receiver The information that the Sender is trying to communicate in the communication process. - answer ✅✅Message The IOM health care model defines three types of prevention approaches/target populations. The terminology that BEST reflects one of these types is: A) Universal. B) Children of Substance Abusing Parents (COSAP). C) High-Risk Youth. D) Substance Abusers. - answer ✅✅A) Universal. The knowledge, experience, values, ideas, attitudes, skills, tastes, and techniques that are passed on from more experienced members of a community to new members. - answer ✅✅Culture The method by which information is communicated within the communication process. - answer ✅✅Channel The most important feature in creating a logic model is: A) They try out multiple strategies. B) They enhance community involvement. C) They help you determine appropriate staffing patterns. D) They connect your outcomes and your goals. - answer ✅✅D) They connect your outcomes and your goals. The one who leads a group process to ensure: 1) a constructive discussion, 2) involvement of all members, and 3) team cohesiveness. A facilitator serves as a referee and does not take sides. - answer ✅✅Facilitator The physiological transference of sound waves into auditory nerve impulses, such as when a siren goes off or a phone rings. - answer ✅✅Hearing The prevention planning structure using a five-step process that includes assessment, capacity, planning, implementation, and evaluation is known as: A) Problem Identification and Referral Model. B) Social Development Strategy Model. C) Strategic Prevention Framework. D) Public Health Model. - answer ✅✅C) Strategic Prevention Framework. The Prevention Specialist often encounters the following roles, EXCEPT: C) Individuals and family. D) Risk and protective. - answer ✅✅D) Risk and protective. This approach to substance abuse prevention is based on the assumption that involving high-risk youth in activities that are free of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs will occupy their leisure time with pro-social activities and allow them to make friends with more social peers. These approaches fall into several broad categories: Athletic; Recreational Alternatives; Adventure Oriented; Cultural Specific Models; Aimed at High-Risk; Entrepreneurial; Community Service; Creative; Artistic; and Drop-in Centers. - answer ✅✅Alternative Activities This Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) strategy aims to identify those who indulge in illegal or age-inappropriate use of tobacco or alcohol or illicit drugs in order to reverse their behavior in the early stages. A) Information Dissemination. B) Prevention Education. C) AOD Intervention. D) Problem Identification and Referral. - answer ✅✅D) Problem Identification and Referral This is the area in which the six components of the process model of communication are occurring. - answer ✅✅Communication Environment This prevention model is based on the interaction of the "host" (individual or person), the "agent" (tobacco, alcohol or other drugs), and the "environment" (community setting, values, or policies). - answer ✅✅Public Health Model of Prevention This refers to an ability to interact effectively with individuals from different cultural backgrounds. It comprises of four components: 1) Awareness of one's cultural world view, 2) Attitudes towards cultural differences, 3) Knowledge and awareness of different cultural practices, beliefs and world views, and 4) Possessing cross-cultural skills. - answer ✅✅Cultural Competence (Awareness) This term applies to replicating a program model or strategy. To have "_______," the program needs to be implemented with the same specifications of the original program. ______can be balanced with adaptation to meet local needs. - answer ✅✅Fidelity Those programs and strategies designed to target specific individuals at risk for substance abuse problems. - answer ✅✅Indicated Those programs and strategies designed to target the entire population of a community (e.g., mass media campaigns). - answer ✅✅Universal Those who are affected by (or have an effect on) the activities, projects, or outcomes of a substance abuse intervention. - answer ✅✅Stakeholders To be a good facilitator, you must NOT be: A) Flexible. B) Authoritative. C) Respectful. D) Confident. - answer ✅✅B) Authoritative. To possess the ability to serve individuals and communities in ways that demonstrate understanding, caring, and valuing the unique characteristics of those served. - answer ✅✅Cultural Competency Used in the development of the logic model. They specify the expected results, short-term, intermediate, and long-term. They identify ways in which the participants in the prevention intervention could be expected to change by the conclusion of the service (e.g., change in behaviors, reduced consumption levels, etc.). - answer ✅✅Outcome Benchmarks B) Minimally creative. C) Original. D) Public domain. - answer ✅✅D) Public domain. What is a critical component program planners must establish to achieve community "buy-in" to the prevention program? A) Relationship building with community members. B) Respect from community members as a professional. C) Authority from community members as an expert. D) Understanding by community members of the importance of the program. - answer ✅✅A) Relationship building with community members. What is a good way to gather information about a community? A) Experts. B) Library research. C) Personal observation. D) All of the above. - answer ✅✅D) All of the above. What is the "denial" phase of community readiness? A) The community might recognize substance abuse as a problem, in general, but does not acknowledge that it is a problem for them, specifically. B) The community does not admit that substance abuse is a problem. C) The community does not believe prevention programming of any kind can be of assistance to them. D) The community might acknowledge substance abuse exists in their community, but does not see it as a problem. - answer ✅✅A) The community might recognize substance abuse as a problem, in general, but does not acknowledge that it is a problem for them, specifically. What is the best way to engage community members? A) Ask them for their advice. B) Get them involved in the planning process. C) Survey them. D) Conduct a focus group. - answer ✅✅B) Get them involved in the planning process. What is the difference between hearing and listening? A) Hearing happens individually, while listening occurs in a pair or group. B) Hearing is receiving sound waves, while listening is processing the information conveyed. C) Listening is passive, while hearing is active. D) Listening and hearing cannot occur at the same time. - answer ✅✅B) Hearing is receiving sound waves, while listening is processing the information conveyed. What is the first step in successful prevention planning? A) Apply "best practices" and "guiding principles." B) Assess the readiness of the community and mobilize for action. C) Evaluate the prevention program. D) Select a target population. - answer ✅✅B) Assess the readiness of the community and mobilize for action. When do visual aids NOT enhance a presentation: A) When they are distracting. B) When they show a point made during the presentation in greater detail. C) When they enhance a concept discussed. D) When they are appealing to the audience. - answer ✅✅A) When they are distracting. When is it appropriate to engage community members in the program evaluation process? A) During the evaluation design portion, but not the data collection portion. B) For data collection purposes only, because they can use their connections in the community. C) All the way through. D) Record the speech to review later. - answer ✅✅D) Record the speech to review later. Which of the following is NOT an example of a resiliency factor? A) Ability to obtain positive attention. B) Desire to achieve. C) Favorable community. D) Positive adult role models. - answer ✅✅C) Favorable community. Which of the following is NOT an important role listening plays for the prevention professional? A) Listening is the majority of any communication exchange. B) Listening ensures the prevention professional also has ample opportunity to talk. C) Listening can help a prevention professional become a better group facilitator. D) Listening helps a prevention professional gain a better understanding of the community in which they are working. - answer ✅✅B) Listening ensures the prevention professional also has ample opportunity to talk. Which of the following is NOT one of the broad six CSAP strategies? A) Alternative Activities. B) Community-Based Processes. C) Constructive Use of Time. D) Environmental Approaches. - answer ✅✅C) Constructive Use of Time. Which of the following is NOT one of the broad six CSAP strategies? A) School Assistance Programs. B) Community-Based Process. C) Environmental Approach. D) Prevention Education. - answer ✅✅A) School Assistance Programs. Which of the following would NOT be reflective of a culturally competent approach on prevention planning? A) The organizational staff are encouraged to adopt the clothing styles and fashion of the population being served. B) The organizational staff reflects the ethnicity and diversity of the community. C) The organizational staff ensures publications are available in languages spoken in the community. D) The organizational staff experience diversity training. - answer ✅✅A) The organizational staff are encouraged to adopt the clothing styles and fashion of the population being served. Words with intense positive or negative connotations such that they block effective listening. - answer ✅✅Trigger Words You are planning to use a proven, evidence-based program, but realize it is not feasible to implement all of the program components. You should: A) Not proceed at all with your choice. B) Consult with the developers to determine potential impact. C) Go ahead, as most programs can be modified to meet local circumstances. D) Add additional alternatives to fill out the missing components. - answer ✅✅B) Consult with the developers to determine potential impact. Your needs assessment process identified a high-rate of alcohol consumption problems among adolescent females. You should: A) Consider a universal prevention approach. B) Consider a youth development approach. C) Consider a selective prevention approach. D) Implement an asset development approach. - answer ✅✅C) Consider a selective prevention approach.