CARDIOPULMONARY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS OF RESPIRATORY CARE 6TH EDITION, Exams of Cardiology

Download CARDIOPULMONARY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS OF RESPIRATORY CARE 6TH EDITION and more Exams Cardiology in PDF only on Docsity! A+ TEST BANK WITH EDITED AND TESTED SOLUTIONS CARDIOPULMONARY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ESSENTIALS OF RESPIRATORY CARE 6TH EDITION – TEST BANK Chapter 1 The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following are primary components of the upper airway? a. nose, oral cavity, pharynx b. larynx, trachea, and bronchi c. nose, oral cavity, larynx and trachea d. nose, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and trachea ANS: A Feedback A The nose, oral cavity, and pharynx are the primary structures that compose the up B The trachea and bronchi and subglottic portion of the larynx are located in the low C The trachea and subglottic part of the larynx are located in the lower airway. D The trachea and subglottic portion of the larynx are located in the lower airway. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Upper Airway OBJ: 1 2. Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the nose? a. I and II only c. I. II, and IV b. I , II, and III only d. I, II, III, and ANS: A Feedback A The upper third of the nose is composed of teh nasal bones and frontal process of B The upper third of the nose is composed of the nasal bones and frontal process of C The upper third of the nose is composed of the nasal bones and frontal process of D The upper third of the nose is composed of the nasal bones and frontal process of PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 4 5. Which structure form the lower two-thirds of the nose? 1. Lateral nasal cartilage 2. Lesser and greater alar cartilages III. Septal cartilage 1. Fibrous fatty tissue a. I, II, III, and IV c. I, II, and IV b. I, II, and III only d. I. III, and IV ANS: A Feedback A All of the listed structures compose the lower two-thirds of the nose B All of the listed structures compose the lower two-thirds of the nose C All of the listed structures compose the lower two-thirds of the nose D All of the listed structures compose the lower two-thirds of the nose PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 4 6. What is the term for widening of the nostrils that can occur during respiratory distress? a. nasal flaring c. retractions b. alar collapse d. grunting ANS: A Feedback A Nasal flaring is the term for the widening of the nostrils, especially seen in respiration B Nasal flaring is the term for the widening of the nostrils, especially seen in respiration C Nasal flaring is the term for the widening of the nostrils, especially seen in respiration D Nasal flaring is the term for the widening of the nostrils, especially seen in respiration PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose|Clinical Connection 1- 1: Flaring Nostrils OBJ: 5 7. Which of the following structures form the anterior nasal septum? 1. Septal cartilage 2. Vomer 3. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone 1. Frontal process of maxilla a. I only c. II, III, and I b. I and II only d. I, II, and III ANS: A Feedback C The posterior section of the nasal cavity floor is formed by the superior portion of t D The posterior section of the nasal cavity floor is formed by the superior portion of t PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 6 9. What is the term for the openings created by the alae nasi and septal cartilage? a. nares c. vestibule b. glottis d. choana ANS: A Feedback A The nares or nostrils are the openings formed by the alae nasal and septal cartilag e B The nares or nostrils are the openings formed by the alae nasal and septal cartilag e C The nares or nostrils are the openings formed by the alae nasal and septal cartilag e D The nares or nostrils are the openings formed by the alae nasal and septal cartilage PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 6 10. What type of epithelium lines the anterior third of the nasal cavity? a. stratified squamous b. pseudostratified ciliated squamous c. pseudostratified ciliated columnar d. cuboidal ANS: A Feedback A The anterior third of the nasal cavity id lined with stratified squamous epithelium. B The anterior third of the nasal cavity id lined with stratified squamous epithelium. C The anterior third of the nasal cavity id lined with stratified squamous epithelium. D The anterior third of the nasal cavity id lined with stratified squamous epithelium. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 6 11. In which structure would vibrissae normally be found? a. nasal cavity c. laryngopha b. oropharynx d. trachea ANS: A Feedback A Vibrissae are normally found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity. B Vibrissae are normally found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity. C Vibrissae are normally found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity. D Vibrissae are normally found in the vestibule of the nasal cavity. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 6 12. What type of epithelium is present in the posterior two-thirds of the nasal cavity? a. pseudostratified ciliated columnar c. stratified sq b. cuboidal d. pseudostra ANS: A Feedback A The posterior two-thirds of the nasal cavity is lined with pseudostratified, ciliated c B The posterior two-thirds of the nasal cavity is lined with pseudostratified, ciliated c b. I, II, and III only d. I and II onl ANS: A Feedback A The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinus B The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinus C The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinus D The paranasal sinuses include the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid sinus PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose OBJ: 6 16. What effect, if any, would be expected from the topical application of phenylephrine on the nasal mucosa? a. vasoconstriction c. bronchospa b. vasodilation d. no known e ANS: A Feedback A When phenylephrine is applied to the nasal mucosa, vasoconstriction should occur B When phenylephrine is applied to the nasal mucosa, vasoconstriction should occur C When phenylephrine is applied to the nasal mucosa, vasoconstriction should occur D When phenylephrine is applied to the nasal mucosa, vasoconstriction should occur PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose|Clinical Connection 1-2: The Nose: An Excellent Route for Administration of Topical Agents OBJ: 7 17. Among pediatric patients, in which age range is epistaxis most prevalent? a. 2-10 years c. 8-16 years b. newborn -2 years d. 10-14 years ANS: A Feedback A In pediatric patients, nosebleeds are most prevalent among the 2-10 year olds. B In pediatric patients, nosebleeds are most prevalent among the 2-10 year olds. C In pediatric patients, nosebleeds are most prevalent among the 2-10 year olds. D In pediatric patients, nosebleeds are most prevalent among the 2-10 year olds. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose|Clinical Connection 1-3: Nosebleeds (Epistaxis) OBJ: 8 18. Approximately what portion of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell? a. 80% c. 40% b. 60% d. 20% ANS: A Feedback A Approximately 80% of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell. B Approximately 80% of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell. C Approximately 80% of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell. D Approximately 80% of the sense of taste is reliant upon the sense of smell. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Nose|Clinical Connection 1-4: Nasal Congestion and Its Influence on Taste OBJ: 9 Feedback A The lingual frenulum secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth. B The lingual frenulum secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth. C The lingual frenulum secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth. D The lingual frenulum secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oral Cavity OBJ: 11 22. Which epithelium lines the oral cavity? a. stratified squamous c. pseudostra b. cuboidal d. pseudostra ANS: A Feedback A The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. B The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. C The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. D The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oral Cavity OBJ: 11 23. To what structure is the uvula attached? a. soft palate c. palatophary b. hard palate d. palatogloss ANS: A Feedback A The uvula is attached to the soft palate. B The uvula is attached to the soft palate. C The uvula is attached to the soft palate. D The uvula is attached to the soft palate. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oral Cavity OBJ: 11 24. What is another name for the palatine tonsils? a. faucial c. lingual b. pharyngeal d. adenoids ANS: A Feedback A The palatine tonsils are also called faucial tonsils. B The palatine tonsils are also called faucial tonsils. C The palatine tonsils are also called faucial tonsils. D The palatine tonsils are also called faucial tonsils. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oral Cavity OBJ: 11 25. Which structure extends from the posterior nares to the superior portion of the soft palate? a. nasopharynx c. tongue b. oropharynx d. palatine ton ANS: A Feedback A The nasopharynx extends from the posterior portion of the nasal cavity to the sup B The nasopharynx extends from the posterior portion of the nasal cavity to the sup ANS: A Feedback A The pharyngotympanic tubes are also called auditory tubes. B The pharyngotympanic tubes are also called auditory tubes. C The pharyngotympanic tubes are also called auditory tubes. D The pharyngotympanic tubes are also called auditory tubes. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Nasopharynx OBJ: 12 29. What is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children? a. otitis media c. tonsillitis b. sinusitis d. pharyngitis ANS: A Feedback A Otitis media is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children. B Otitis media is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children. C Otitis media is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children. D Otitis media is the most frequent cause of hearing loss in young children. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Nasopharynx|Clinical Connection 1-8: Otitis Media OBJ: 14 30. Which structure extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue? a. oropharynx c. laryngopha b. nasopharynx d. uvula ANS: A Feedback A The oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue. B The oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue. C The oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue. D The oropharynx extends from the soft palate to the base of the tongue. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oropharynx OBJ: 12 31. What type of epithelium is found in the oropharynx? a. stratified squamous c. pseudostra b. pseudostratified squamous d. cuboidal ANS: A Feedback A The oropharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. B The oropharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. C The oropharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. D The oropharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Oropharynx OBJ: 12 32. What structure is located between the glossoepiglottic folds in the posterior oropharynx? a. vallecula epiglottica c. palatine ton b. lingual tonsils d. rima glottidi ANS: A a. larynx c. thyroid glan b. laryngopharynx d. rima glottidi ANS: A Feedback A The larynx extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea. B The larynx extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea. C The larynx extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea. D The larynx extends from the base of the tongue to the trachea. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Larynx OBJ: 17 36. Which of the following are functions of the larynx? 1. Passageway for gas 2. Protects against aspiration III. Generation of sounds for speech IV. Warming and filtration of inspired gas a. I, II, and III only c. I and III onl b. I and II only d. I, III, and IV ANS: A Feedback A The larynx conducts gas between the phaynx and trachea, protects against aspira B The larynx conducts gas between the phaynx and trachea, protects against aspira C The larynx conducts gas between the phaynx and trachea, protects against aspira D The larynx conducts gas between the phaynx and trachea, protects against aspira PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Larynx OBJ: 21 37. Which of the cartilages of the larynx are unpaired? a. thyroid, epiglottis, and cricoid b. thyroid, cricoid, and cuneiform c. artyenoid, cuneiform, and corniculate d. thyroid, epiglottis, and arytenoid ANS: A Feedback A The unpaired laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages. B The unpaired laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages. C The unpaired laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages. D The unpaired laryngeal cartilages are the epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid cartilages. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Cartilages of the Larynx OBJ: 16 38. To what structure does the upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attach by a membrane? a. hyoid bone c. epiglottis b. tongue d. mandible ANS: A Feedback A The upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attaches by a membrane to the hyoid bo B The upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attaches by a membrane to the hyoid bo C The upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attaches by a membrane to the hyoid bo D The upper portion of the thyroid cartilage attaches by a membrane to the hyoid bo a. I, II, and III only c. I, II, and IV b. I, II, III, and IV d. II, III, and I ANS: A Feedback A The paired laryngeal cartilages include the cuneiform, arytenoid, and corniculate c B The paired laryngeal cartilages include the cuneiform, arytenoid, and corniculate c C The paired laryngeal cartilages include the cuneiform, arytenoid, and corniculate c D The paired laryngeal cartilages include the cuneiform, arytenoid, and corniculate c PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Cartilages of the Larynx OBJ: 16 42. What is the space between the true vocal cords called? a. rima glottidis c. vallecula b. vestibule d. choana ANS: A Feedback A The space between the vocal cords is called the rima glottidis or glottis. B The space between the vocal cords is called the rima glottidis or glottis. C The space between the vocal cords is called the rima glottidis or glottis. D The space between the vocal cords is called the rima glottidis or glottis. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Interior of the Larynx OBJ: 17 43. What is the treatment of choice for post-extubation laryngeal edema? a. aerosolized alpha adrenergic agent such as racemic epinephrine b. antibiotics c. cough medicine d. long-acting bronchodilators ANS: A Feedback A The administration of aerosolized alpha adrenergic agents is the treatment of choi B The administration of aerosolized alpha adrenergic agents is the treatment of choi C The administration of aerosolized alpha adrenergic agents is the treatment of choi D The administration of aerosolized alpha adrenergic agents is the treatment of choi PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Interior of the Larynx|Clinical Connection 1-10: Laryngitis OBJ: 18 44. Which of the following is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by the parainfluenza virus? a. laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) c. tonsillitis b. epiglottitis d. pharyngitis ANS: A Feedback A LTB is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by a parainfluenza virus. B LTB is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by a parainfluenza virus. C LTB is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by a parainfluenza virus. D LTB is a subglottic airway obstruction usually caused by a parainfluenza virus. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall Feedback A The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles cause the vocal cords to move together. B The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles cause the vocal cords to move together. C The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles cause the vocal cords to move together. D The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles cause the vocal cords to move together. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Laryngeal Musculature OBJ: 20 48. Which of the following muscles pull the larynx and hyoid downward? a. infrahyoid group c. cricothyroid b. suprahyoid group d. posterior cr ANS: A Feedback A The infrahyoid muscle group pull the larynx and hyoid downward. B The infrahyoid muscle group pull the larynx and hyoid downward. C The infrahyoid muscle group pull the larynx and hyoid downward. D The infrahyoid muscle group pull the larynx and hyoid downward. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Laryngeal Musculature OBJ: 20 49. What is the secondary vital function of the larynx? a. Valsalva’s maneuver c. Babinski re b. Gag reflex d. Moro mane ANS: A Feedback A Effort closure during exhalation (Valsalva’s maneuver) is an important secondary f B Effort closure during exhalation (Valsalva’s maneuver) is an important secondary f C Effort closure during exhalation (Valsalva’s maneuver) is an important secondary f D Effort closure during exhalation (Valsalva’s maneuver) is an important secondary f PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Ventilatory Function of the Larynx OBJ: 21 50. What type of epithelium extends from the trachea to the respiratory bronchioles? a. pseudostratified ciliates columnar c. pseudostra b. cuboidal d. stratified sq ANS: A Feedback A Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extends from the trachea to the resp B Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extends from the trachea to the resp C Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extends from the trachea to the resp D Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium extends from the trachea to the resp PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Histology of the Tracheobronchial Tree OBJ: 22 51. What is the primary component of the mucous blanket in the tracheobronchial tree? a. water c. glycoprotei b. lipids d. DNA ANS: A 54. What is the term for the viscous layer of the mucous blanket? a. gel c. basal b. sol d. epoxic ANS: A Feedback A The thicker layer of the mucous blanket is called the gel layer. B The thicker layer of the mucous blanket is called the gel layer. C The thicker layer of the mucous blanket is called the gel layer. D The thicker layer of the mucous blanket is called the gel layer. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Histology of the Tracheobronchial Tree OBJ: 22 55. How many times per minute do the cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move? a. 1500 times c. 500 times b. 2500 times d. 50 times ANS: A Feedback A The cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move approximately 1500 times per minute. B The cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move approximately 1500 times per minute. C The cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move approximately 1500 times per minute. D The cilia in the tracheobronchial tree move approximately 1500 times per minute. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Histology of the Tracheobronchial Tree OBJ: 22 56. When excessive secretions are present in the lungs, what term describes the sound heard by ascultation over large airways during exhalation? a. rhonchi c. crackles b. wheeze d. stridor ANS: A Feedback A Rhonchi are heard over large airways during exhalation when secretions are pres B Rhonchi are heard over large airways during exhalation when secretions are pres C Rhonchi are heard over large airways during exhalation when secretions are pres D Rhonchi are heard over large airways during exhalation when secretions are pres PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Histology of the Tracheobronchial Tree |Clinical Connection 1-12: Excessive Airway Secretions OBJ: 23 57. Which of the following factors can alter the mucociliary transport mechanism? 1. Excessive bronchial secretions 2. Tobacco smoke III. Hypoxia 1. Air pollution a. I, II, III, and IV c. I, II, and III b. I, II, and IV only d. I and II only ANS: A Feedback PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Immune Response OBJ: 22 60. When degranulation of mast cells occurs and chemical mediators are released, which of the following would occur in the lungs? 1. Increased vascular permeability 2. Increased mucus production III. Smooth muscle relaxation 1. Vasodilation with edema a. I, II, and IV only c. I, II, and III b. I, II, III and IV d. I and IV onl ANS: A Feedback A Of the listed changes, only increased vascular permeability, increased mucus prod when mast cells degranulate. B Of the listed changes, only increased vascular permeability, increased mucus prod when mast cells degranulate. C Of the listed changes, only increased vascular permeability, increased mucus prod when mast cells degranulate. D Of the listed changes, only increased vascular permeability, increased mucus prod when mast cells degranulate. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Immune Response OBJ: 22 61. What is the term for the cartilaginous airways? a. conducting zone c. acinus b. respiratory unit d. tracheobro ANS: A Feedback A The cartilaginous airways are collectively known as the conducting zone. B The cartilaginous airways are collectively known as the conducting zone. C The cartilaginous airways are collectively known as the conducting zone. D The cartilaginous airways are collectively known as the conducting zone. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Cartilaginous Airways OBJ: 25 62. In cm, what is the average diameter of the adult trachea? a. 1.5 – 2.5 cm c. 0.75 – 1.0 c b. 2.0-3.5 cm d. 0.5 – 1.5 c ANS: A Feedback A The diameter of an adult trachea is between 1.5 and 2.5 cm. B The diameter of an adult trachea is between 1.5 and 2.5 cm. C The diameter of an adult trachea is between 1.5 and 2.5 cm. D The diameter of an adult trachea is between 1.5 and 2.5 cm. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Cartilaginous Airways OBJ: 25 63. What is the term for the bifurcation of the trachea? a. carina c. choana b. hilum d. concha ANS: A 66. Which vessel is the most commonly associated with massive hemorrhage following a tracheostomy? a. innominate artery c. pulmonary b. carotid artery d. subclavian ANS: A Feedback A The innominate artery is most commonly associated with massive hemmorhage fo B The innominate artery is most commonly associated with massive hemmorhage fo C The innominate artery is most commonly associated with massive hemmorhage fo D The innominate artery is most commonly associated with massive hemmorhage fo PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Cartilaginous Airways|Clinical Connection 1-14: Hazards Associated with Endotracheal Tubes and Tracheostomies OBJ: 26 67. In the newborn, at what angles do the right and left mainstem bronchi form with the trachea? a. both form a 55 degree angle b. both form a 40 degree angle c. right forms a 25 degree angle, left forms a 60 degree angle d. right forms a 60 degree angle, left forms a 25 degree angle ANS: A Feedback A In the newborn, both mainstem bronchi form a 55 degree angle with the trachea. B In the newborn, both mainstem bronchi form a 55 degree angle with the trachea. C In the newborn, both mainstem bronchi form a 55 degree angle with the trachea. D In the newborn, both mainstem bronchi form a 55 degree angle with the trachea. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Cartilaginous Airways OBJ: 25 68. In an adult, into which structure would an endotracheal tube likely enter if the tube is inadvertently advanced too far? a. right mainstem bronchus c. right middle b. left mainstem bronchus d. left lower lo ANS: A Feedback A An ET tube is likely to enter the right mainstem bronchus if advanced too far in an B An ET tube is likely to enter the right mainstem bronchus if advanced too far in an C An ET tube is likely to enter the right mainstem bronchus if advanced too far in an D An ET tube is likely to enter the right mainstem bronchus if advanced too far in an PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: The Cartilaginous Airways|Clinical Connection 1-15: Inadvertent Intubation of Right Mainstem Bronchus OBJ: 27 69. How many second generation bronchi would you find in a healthy adult tracheobronchial tree? a. 5 c. 6 b. 3 d. 2 ANS: A Feedback A There are 5 lobar or second generation bronchi in the tracheobronchial tree. B There are 5 lobar or second generation bronchi in the tracheobronchial tree. C There are 5 lobar or second generation bronchi in the tracheobronchial tree. a. 16 – 19 c. 6-9 b. 12-15 d. 20-26 ANS: A Feedback A The Canals of Lambert are present in the terminal bronchioles between the 16th a B The Canals of Lambert are present in the terminal bronchioles between the 16th a C The Canals of Lambert are present in the terminal bronchioles between the 16th a D The Canals of Lambert are present in the terminal bronchioles between the 16th a PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Noncartilaginous Airways OBJ: 28 73. At what point in the tracheobronchial tree are Clara cells present? a. terminal bronchioles c. subsegmen b. respiratory bronchioles d. bronchioles ANS: A Feedback A Clara cells are found in the terminal bronchioles. B Clara cells are found in the terminal bronchioles. C Clara cells are found in the terminal bronchioles. D Clara cells are found in the terminal bronchioles. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Noncartilaginous Airways OBJ: 28 74. How does the total cross-sectional area of the tracheobrochial tree change from the trachea to the respiratory zone? a. It increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then increases significantly in the re b. It decreases slightly to the terminal bronchioles then decreases significantly c. It remains steady throughout the tracheobronchial tree d. It increases steadily through the lobar bronchi then increases significantly through t ANS: A Feedback A The total cross-sectional area increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then i B The total cross-sectional area increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then i C The total cross-sectional area increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then i D The total cross-sectional area increases steadily to the terminal bronchioles then i PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Bronchial Cross Sectional Area OBJ: 29 75. Which structures are nourished by the bronchial arteries? a. trachea through the terminal bronchioles b. respiratory zone c. trachea and mainstem bronchi only d. noncartilaginous airways only ANS: A Feedback A The brachial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree from the trachea through te B The brachial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree from the trachea through te C The brachial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree from the trachea through te D The brachial arteries nourish the tracheobronchial tree from the trachea through te Feedback A In a healthy young male, there are approximately 70 square meters of surface are B In a healthy young male, there are approximately 70 square meters of surface are C In a healthy young male, there are approximately 70 square meters of surface are D In a healthy young male, there are approximately 70 square meters of surface are PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Sites of Gas Exchange OBJ: 31 79. Which alveolar cells are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant? a. Type II c. Type IV b. Type III d. Type I ANS: A Feedback A Type II pneumocytes are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant. B Type II pneumocytes are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant. C Type II pneumocytes are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant. D Type II pneumocytes are considered to be the source of pulmonary surfactant. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Sites of Gas Exchange OBJ: 32 80. What is the term for the openings in the walls of interalveolar septa? a. Pores of Kohn c. Clara cells b. Canals of Lambert d. Loose spac ANS: A Feedback A Pores of Kohn are openings in the walls of interalveolar septa. B Pores of Kohn are openings in the walls of interalveolar septa. C Pores of Kohn are openings in the walls of interalveolar septa. D Pores of Kohn are openings in the walls of interalveolar septa. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Pores of Kohn OBJ: 32 81. What is the average thickness of the Type I alveolar cell? a. 0.1-0.5 microns c. 1-5 microns b. 0.1-0.5 mm d. 1-5 mm ANS: A Feedback A The average thickness of the Type I pneumocyte is 0.1 – 0.5 microns. B The average thickness of the Type I pneumocyte is 0.1 – 0.5 microns. C The average thickness of the Type I pneumocyte is 0.1 – 0.5 microns. D The average thickness of the Type I pneumocyte is 0.1 – 0.5 microns. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Alveolar Epithelium OBJ: 32 82. Which alveolar cells are macrophages? a. Type III c. Type I b. Type II d. Type IV ANS: A ANS: A Feedback A The pulmoary capillaries are composed of squamous epithelial cells. B The pulmoary capillaries are composed of squamous epithelial cells. C The pulmoary capillaries are composed of squamous epithelial cells. D The pulmoary capillaries are composed of squamous epithelial cells. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Capillaries OBJ: 34 86. How many pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium? a. 4 c. 8 b. 2 d. 0 ANS: A Feedback A Four pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium. B Four pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium. C Four pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium. D Four pulmonary veins empty into the left atrium. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Venules and Veins OBJ: 34 87. From what area deep in the lungs do lymphatic vessels arise? a. loose space of interstitium c. Type II alve b. tight space of interstitium d. Type III alv ANS: A Feedback A Lymphatic vessels arise from the loose space of the interstitium. B Lymphatic vessels arise from the loose space of the interstitium. C Lymphatic vessels arise from the loose space of the interstitium. D Lymphatic vessels arise from the loose space of the interstitium. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Lymphatic System OBJ: 35 88. On which portion(s) of the right lung surfaces would the majority of lymphatic vessels be located? a. lower lobes b. upper lobes c. middle lobe d. Lymphatic vessels are distributed equally on all lobes ANS: A Feedback A The majority of lymphatic vessels are located over the surfaces of the lower lobes B The majority of lymphatic vessels are located over the surfaces of the lower lobes C The majority of lymphatic vessels are located over the surfaces of the lower lobes D The majority of lymphatic vessels are located over the surfaces of the lower lobes PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Lymphatic System OBJ: 35 89. What is the term for the vessels adjacent to peribronchovascular lymphatic vessels? a. juxta-alveolar lymphatics c. tertiary lym PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Neural Control of the Lungs OBJ: 36 92. What is the general term for drugs that block the effects of the parasymphathetic nervous system on the bronchial smooth muscle? a. anticholinergic c. parasympa b. beta adrenergic d. sympathom ANS: A Feedback A Drugs that block the parasympathetic system’s effect of constriction of the bronchi parasympatholytic. B Drugs that block the parasympathetic system’s effect of constriction of the bronchi parasympatholytic. C Drugs that block the parasympathetic system’s effect of constriction of the bronchi parasympatholytic. D Drugs that block the parasympathetic system’s effect of constriction of the bronchi parasympatholytic. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Neural Control of the Lungs|Clinical Connection 1-16: The Role of Neural Control Agents in Respiratory Care OBJ: 38 93. What effect does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system have on the body? 1. Dilates the pupils 2. Causes bronchodilation III. Increases rate and force of cardiac contractions a. I, II, and III c. I and III onl b. II and III only d. II and III on ANS: A Feedback A When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the pupils dilate, bronchodila more force. B When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the pupils dilate, bronchodila more force. C When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the pupils dilate, bronchodila more force. D When the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, the pupils dilate, bronchodila more force. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Neural Control of the Lungs OBJ: 37 94. When an acute asthma episode occurs, which quick relief agent is most commonly administered? a. albuterol c. salmeterol b. formoterol d. arformotero ANS: A Feedback A Albuterol is the quick relief agent most commonly administered to provide quick re B Albuterol is the quick relief agent most commonly administered to provide quick re C Albuterol is the quick relief agent most commonly administered to provide quick re D Albuterol is the quick relief agent most commonly administered to provide quick re PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Neural Control of the Lungs|Clinical Connection 1-17: An Asthmatic Episode and the Role of Bronchodilator and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs OBJ: 39 95. In the healthy adult, what are the normal anterior boundaries of the lungs? a. Between first and sixth ribs PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Lungs (Figure 1-41) OBJ: 41 98. What is the term for the therapeutic positional measures which utilize gravity to assist in secretion removal from the lungs? a. postural drainage c. percussion b. vibration d. chest wall o ANS: A Feedback A Postural drainage uses gravity to assist with secretion removal from the lungs B Postural drainage uses gravity to assist with secretion removal from the lungs C Postural drainage uses gravity to assist with secretion removal from the lungs D Postural drainage uses gravity to assist with secretion removal from the lungs PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Lungs|Clinical Connection 1-18: Postural Drainage Therapy OBJ: 42 99. Which structures are contained in the mediastinum? 1. Trachea 2. Great vessels III. Portions of the esophagus 1. Pituitary gland a. I, II, and III only c. I and II only b. I, II, III, and IV d. I, II, and IV ANS: A Feedback A The trachea, great vessels, and portions of the espohagus are contained in the m B The trachea, great vessels, and portions of the espohagus are contained in the m C The trachea, great vessels, and portions of the espohagus are contained in the m D The trachea, great vessels, and portions of the espohagus are contained in the m PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Mediatinum OBJ: 43 100. What is the term for the potential space between the visceral and parietal pleura? a. pleural cavity c. pericardial b. mediatinum d. thoracic ca ANS: A Feedback A The potential space between the pleura is called the pleural cavity. B The potential space between the pleura is called the pleural cavity. C The potential space between the pleura is called the pleural cavity. D The potential space between the pleura is called the pleural cavity. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Pleural Membranes OBJ: 44 101. What is the superior portion of the sternum called? a. manubrium sterni c. xiphoid pro b. body d. maxilla ster ANS: A Feedback a. pleural cavity c. mediastinu b. thoracic cavity d. pericardium ANS: A Feedback A A pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. B A pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. C A pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. D A pneumothorax is an abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural cavity. PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Pleural Membranes|Clinical Connection 1-20: Pneumothorax OBJ: 46 105. What is one of the most common iatrogenic complications from a thoracentesis? a. pneumothorax c. empyema b. hemorrhage d. pleural effu ANS: A Feedback A An iatrogenic pneumothorax is one of the most common complication from a thora B An iatrogenic pneumothorax is one of the most common complication from a thora C An iatrogenic pneumothorax is one of the most common complication from a thora D An iatrogenic pneumothorax is one of the most common complication from a thora PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Thorax|Clinical Connection 1-21: Puncture Site for a Thoracentesis OBJ: 48 106. Which ribs are identified as floating ribs? a. 11 and 12 c. 7-10 b. 7-12 d. 9-12 ANS: A Feedback A Rib eleven and twelve are called floating ribs since they do not have an anterior at B Rib eleven and twelve are called floating ribs since they do not have an anterior at C Rib eleven and twelve are called floating ribs since they do not have an anterior at D Rib eleven and twelve are called floating ribs since they do not have an anterior at PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: The Thorax OBJ: 47 107. Which nerves supply the primary motor innervation to the right and left hemidiaphragms? a. phrenic c. IX cranial b. vagus d. Thoracic ne ANS: A Feedback A The hemidiaphragms receive their primary motor innervation from the terminal bra B The hemidiaphragms receive their primary motor innervation from the terminal bra C The hemidiaphragms receive their primary motor innervation from the terminal bra D The hemidiaphragms receive their primary motor innervation from the terminal bra PTS: 1 DIF: Recall REF: Muscles of Ventilation|Clinical Connection 1-22: Spinal Cord Trauma and Diaphragmatic Paralysis OBJ: 50