CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2, Exams of Nursing

Download CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Cardiorespiratory lecture Formation of AV valves Dependent on _________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS dependent on AV cushions and ventricular myocardium... Cardiorespiratory lecture what week is this formed -Spiral septum is formed -Aortic arches are complete -The cardinal, umbilical and vitelline veins are formed -Conduction system of the heart is formed - CORRECT ANSWERS 5 Cardiorespiratory lecture Week 6 ________________is becoming established ______________ are forming - CORRECT ANSWERS Coronary circulation is becoming established Atrio-ventricular valves and papillary muscles are forming Cardiorespiratory lecture Week 7 what is completely formed - CORRECT ANSWERS heart septa Cardiorespiratory lecture Cyanotic Blood shunted from right to left CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS so _____________ blood is returned to the body O2 levels are ____________below norm occurs in what conditions - CORRECT ANSWERS Blood shunted from right to left Unoxygenated blood is returned to the body O2 levels 15%-30% below normal Tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia, truncus arteriosus, hypoplastic left heart syndrome Cardiorespiratory lecture Acyanotic child presents ________ oxygen levels ________ blood shunts from _________ side of heart ________________ blood goes to lungs what conditions? - CORRECT ANSWERS Child is pink with normal O2 sats Blood shunts from left to right side of heart Oxygenated blood goes to lungs Atrial Septal Defects, Ventral Septal Defects, PDA, coartation of the aorta, pulmonary and aortic stenosis Cardiorespiratory lecture Septal Defects - CORRECT ANSWERS Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Atrial Septal defect (ASD) CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Often will see ___________ Surgical intervention depends on the patients symptoms and overall clinical picture - CORRECT ANSWERS Tetralogy of Fallot Hypercyanosis failure to thrive Cardiorespiratory lecture Hypoplasia or absence of the left ventricle Hypoplasia of the ascending aorta - CORRECT ANSWERS Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Cardiorespiratory lecture The cardiovascular system is ____________ derived - CORRECT ANSWERS mesodermally Cardiorespiratory lecture The cardiogenic field is established in the _____, just after gastrulation and develops into a fully functional, multi-chambered heart by the ________ week - CORRECT ANSWERS mesoderm 8th Cardiorespiratory lecture Cranial folding rotates cardiogenic area, moves it ventrally and caudally, and orients _____________ what days? - CORRECT ANSWERS heart tube and pericardial cavity 22-30days Cardiorespiratory lecture Folding and rotation of heart tube CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Ventricle- Atrium- - CORRECT ANSWERS Ventricle moves ventrally and to right Atrium moves dorsally and to left Cardiorespiratory lecture In the late 5th week atrium in process of - interventricular septum is - --muscular septum___ --membranous septum ___ outlfow tract still- - CORRECT ANSWERS Atrium in process of septal formation Interventricular septum still incomplete -muscular septum present -membranous septum ABSENT Outflow tract still undivided Cardiorespiratory lecture Hypoplastic left heart syndrome surgical intervention? -_________ diagnosis and care are essential - CORRECT ANSWERS must have surgical intervention Prenatal Cardiorespiratory lecture Options for Treating HLHS - CORRECT ANSWERS Option 1: no surgical intervention CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Option 2: heart transplant Option 3: a series of palliative procedures =Staged reconstruction of the heart Cardiorespiratory lecture PT examination •Screen and monitor for _____ impairments •Screen for ____ and sensorimotor delays •Screen and evaluate _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS •Screen and monitor for neurologic impairments •Screen for developmental and sensorimotor delays •Screen and evaluate endurance Cardiorespiratory lecture Cardiac surgery and impacts on Development Prone - CORRECT ANSWERS -delayed prone time, not encouraged to push through the arms, lack of trunk strength, crawling and creeping too energy consumptive Cardiorespiratory lecture Cardiac surgery and impacts on Development Supine: - CORRECT ANSWERS -Prolonged time in supine, arms restrained, decreased abdominal strength, difficulty bringing hands to midline, Lack of core strength Cardiorespiratory lecture Cardiac surgery and impacts on Development CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Cardiorespiratory lecture Medical treatment for hemophilia - CORRECT ANSWERS -Factor replacement therapy -Prophylaxis -Primary: Start before the onset of joint bleeding (12-18 months of age) -Secondary: initiated after > 2 bleeds into large joints but before the onset of joint disease Cardiorespiratory lecture Hemophilia and PT Caution with _____________ Importance of __________________ ROM should be only ___________ hydration watch for ____________ delay ___ after a bleed _________ is contraindicated - CORRECT ANSWERS -weight bearing -important of warm up and cool down periods -pain free ROM - hydration - watch for leg length discrepancy - delay exercise initiation after a bleed -heat is contraindicated Cardiorespiratory lecture The respiratory tract is derived from ______________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS Foregut endoderm and associated mesoderm Cardiorespiratory lecture ______________ lines embryonic body cavity (coelom) - CORRECT ANSWERS Parietal (aka somatic) mesoderm CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Cardiorespiratory lecture ___________________ covers endodermal gut tube - CORRECT ANSWERS Visceral (aka splanchnic) mesoderm Cardiorespiratory lecture _________ suspended from body wall by dorsal mesentery - CORRECT ANSWERS Gut tube Cardiorespiratory lecture From endoderm: - CORRECT ANSWERS epithelial lining of trachea, larynx, bronchi, alveoli Cardiorespiratory lecture From splanchnic mesoderm: ___________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS cartilage, muscle, and connective tissue of tract and visceral pleura Cardiorespiratory lecture The lung buds form during the _________week - CORRECT ANSWERS 4th week Cardiorespiratory lecture Lung buds initially appear as the respiratory ______________, which is a ventral outgrowth of foregut ___________ - CORRECT ANSWERS diverticulum endoderm Cardiorespiratory lecture ___________________: Retinoic acid produced by adjacent mesoderm induces expression of TBX4 in foregut endoderm. TBX4 induces growth and differentiation of the trachea and lungs - CORRECT ANSWERS MESODERM dependent process Cardiorespiratory lecture Splitting of foregut into ____________ - CORRECT ANSWERS esophagus and trachea CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Cardiorespiratory lecture ______________________: longitudinal ridges that eventually fuse to separate trachea from esophagus. - CORRECT ANSWERS Tracheo-esophageal ridges Cardiorespiratory lecture Incomplete separation and/or atresia of trachea and esophagus - CORRECT ANSWERS Tracheo-esophageal fistulas Cardiorespiratory lecture Tracheo-esophageal fistulas Defect likely in __________ and usually associated with other defects involving mesoderm (_____________________) - CORRECT ANSWERS mesoderm cardiovascular malformations, VATER / VACTERL, etc. Cardiorespiratory lecture VATER = - CORRECT ANSWERS Vertebral anomalies Anal atresia Tracheoesophageal fistula Esophageal atresia Renal atresia Cardiorespiratory lecture VACTERL = VATER + _______________ - CORRECT ANSWERS Cardiac defects & Limb defects Cardiorespiratory lecture Tracheoesophageal Fistulas / Esophageal Atresia Complications- prental - CORRECT ANSWERS - Polyhydramnios (due to inability to swallow amniotic fluid in utero). CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Cardiorespiratory lecture Trachea into two primary _________ (left and right) - CORRECT ANSWERS bronchi Cardiorespiratory lecture Left primary bronchus into __________ secondary bronchi (corresponding to the ________ lobes of the left lung) - CORRECT ANSWERS two two Cardiorespiratory lecture __________ secondary buds form on the right (corresponding to the 3 lobes on the right) - CORRECT ANSWERS Three Cardiorespiratory lecture ________tertiary (segmental) bronchi form in the right lung - CORRECT ANSWERS Ten Cardiorespiratory lecture _________ bronchi form in the left lung - establishing the 18 brochopulmonary segments of the adult human lung. - CORRECT ANSWERS Eight Cardiorespiratory lecture By the end of the _______ month, 17 generations of subdivisions have formed. _________ more divisions occur during postnatal life for a total of 23 branching events in the adult human lung. - CORRECT ANSWERS sixth Six Cardiorespiratory lecture Branching continues to be regulated by ______________ interactions (deriving from endodermal epithelial lung buds and the splanchnic mesoderm surrounding them). - CORRECT ANSWERS epithelial-mesenchymal Cardiorespiratory lecture CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS MAIN POINT: Branching morphogenesis in the lungs is ______________________- dependent (among other factors). Late disruption may have minor effects whereas early disruption may result in ________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS mesoderm and retinoid hypoplasia or even agenesis. Cardiorespiratory lecture By 17 weeks, all major elements have formed, except those involved with gas exchange (fetuses unable to survive if born at this stage). - CORRECT ANSWERS Pseudoglandular Period (5-17 weeks) Cardiorespiratory lecture Bronchi, terminal bronchioles become larger, lung tissue becomes highly vascular. Surfactant production begins around week 22, but not enough to prevent airway collapse (atelacstasis). Alveolar ducts with terminal sacs form by week 24, so limited respiration is possible. - CORRECT ANSWERS Canalicular Period (16-26 weeks): Cardiorespiratory lecture :Many more terminal sacs develop, with very thin epithelium and capillaries bulging into the developing alveoli. Blood-air barrier becomes well-developed. Surfactant production is sufficient to prevent atelacstasis. - CORRECT ANSWERS Terminal Sac Period (26 weeks to birth) Cardiorespiratory lecture :Alveoli-like structures are present by 32 weeks. Epithelial lining of sacs attenuate to extremely thin squamous epithelia, capable of gas exchange. 95% of characteristic, mature alveoli develop after birth. - CORRECT ANSWERS Alveolar Period (late fetal period to age 8) Cardiorespiratory lecture Alveoli continue to mature after birth, become more muscular. Growth of lungs after birth due primarily to increase of _________________. Only 1/6 of adult alveoli present at birth. - CORRECT ANSWERS respiratory bronchioles and alveoli Cardiorespiratory lecture CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Lungs are fluid filled; fluid squeezed out and into lymphatics and blood vessels, expelled via __________- at delivery. Surfactant remains on surface, lowers __________ - CORRECT ANSWERS trachea air/blood tension. Cardiorespiratory lecture This disease affects 2% of live newborn infants, with prematurely born being most susceptible. 30% of all neonatal disease results from HMD or its complications. - CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Cardiorespiratory lecture -Low Surfactant Production (decreased surface tension) -Alveolar Collapse, diffuse atelectasis -Decreased lung compliance -Treatment: Steroids prior to birth, ventilation, surfactant, oxygen supplementation, ECMO, Nitric Oxide - CORRECT ANSWERS Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) /Hyaline Membrane Disease (HMD) Cardiorespiratory lecture Chronic lung disease of premature infant Use CPAP in hospital and most go home on oxygen. - CORRECT ANSWERS Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) Cardiorespiratory lecture The baby has passed meconium (stool) into the amniotic fluid during labor or delivery. Due to stress, prior to birth - CORRECT ANSWERS Meconium Aspiration Syndrome CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS airway pancreatitis Diabetes fertility Cardiorespiratory lecture Physical Therapy Intervention for_____ •Postural drainage •Airway clearance and breathing •Exercise •Maintenance of proper positioning •Thoracic mobility •Endurance Training •Pelvic floor •Urinary incontinence is seen in 30% of children - CORRECT ANSWERS CF Cardiorespiratory lecture Cf-Who uses ventilation? -Shift from pulmonary ____ (prematurity) to users with ___ and ___ disorders CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS -Need is due to ongoing impaired ___ function - CORRECT ANSWERS -Shift from pulmonary insufficiency (prematurity) to users with neurological and neuromuscular disorders -Need is due to ongoing impaired respiratory function Cardiorespiratory lecture Chronic respiratory insufficiency in children - CORRECT ANSWERS -Central dysregulation of breathing -Conditions that affect the lungs, lung parenchyma and airway Cardiorespiratory lecture Types of Positive Pressure Ventilations - CORRECT ANSWERS noninvasive invasive Cardiorespiratory lecture noninvasive ventilation - CORRECT ANSWERS CPAP BiPap Cardiorespiratory lecture invasive ventilation - CORRECT ANSWERS ventilator tracheostomy Cardiorespiratory lecture PT with someone on ____ ventilation •Evaluate aerobic capacity and pulmonary capacity •Evaluate the NM and MS systems •Evaluate the child's functional activity levels •The Difference is.....You must be aware of the ventilator - CORRECT ANSWERS mechanical Cardiorespiratory lecture CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS PT interventions - ventilator •Dependent on what you find in the____ •____ doesn't change because of a ventilator •We adapt ____ to work with the ventilator •Evaluate how to improve____ with the ventilator •AT, equipment needs - CORRECT ANSWERS •Dependent on what you find in the evaluation •Treatment doesn't change because of a ventilator •We adapt exercise to work with the ventilator •Evaluate how to improve participation with the ventilator •AT, equipment needs Cardiorespiratory lecture Main disease-related cause of death among children Survival rates approach or exceed ___________ - CORRECT ANSWERS cancer 80% Cardiorespiratory lecture Out of 223 childhood cancer survivors, 75% had chronic medical problems The __________ system was most often impacted (30%) - CORRECT ANSWERS Nervous CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS Posterior Fossa Syndrome presentation- delayed onset- sx- long term difficulties with - etiology- - CORRECT ANSWERS •Variable presentation •Delayed onset(1-6 days post surgery) •Limited symptom duration (between 1 day and 4 months) •Can have long term difficulties (primarily speech) •Etiology is unknown Cardiorespiratory lecture PFS Treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS -No evidence based recommended pharmacologic treatments --Used cautiously to target symptoms -Clinical treatment focuses on recovery of function -High emphasis on rehabilitative therapies (OT, PT, Speech) Cardiorespiratory lecture ____ Evaluation •Coordination •Strength •Endurance •ROM •Muscle Tone CARDIORESPIRATORY QUESTIONS AND CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS A COMPLETE SOLUTION THAT COVERS 2024/2025 BEST RATED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS •Activity impairment •Participation •What measures would you use? - CORRECT ANSWERS PFS Cardiorespiratory lecture PFS Intervention - CORRECT ANSWERS -Determined by impairments seen (symptoms may vary) -Consider interdisciplinary treatment -Work in OT/ST goals as appropriate