Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023, Exams of Nursing

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Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 study of aging and older adults. - correct answer ✅Gerontology study of diseases and disabilities of older adults - correct answer ✅Geriatrics ability of older adults to function at their highest capacity despite the presence of age related changes and risk factors - correct answer ✅Health outcome for older adult whose well-being and quality of life is improved through nursing interventions - correct answer ✅Wellness Disease prevention/risk reduction Health maintenance Reducing mortality - correct answer ✅Health promotion focuses on (3) - Screening programs - Risk reduction interventions (vaccines, weight management, nutrition, exercise, etc.) - Environmental modifications - Health education - correct answer ✅Types of Health Promotion Interventions Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - precontemplation, - contemplation, - preparation, - action, - maintenance - Goal is to change patient behavior - correct answer ✅5 stages of Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Health Promotion - Unaware of the problem - No intention of changing his or her behaviors within the next 6 months Nursing intervention- provide information about problem and encouraging thinking about behavior change - correct answer ✅Precontemplation - An intention to change in the foreseeable future - Acknowledges negative consequences - Ask questions and to seek information about risks and benefits of behavior Nursing intervention- Information about the risks and benefits and Explore how to begin establishing personal goals - correct answer ✅Contemplation Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 C. 5 months D. 6 months - correct answer ✅In the precontemplation stage, an individual has no intention of changing behaviors within what time frame? - correct answer ✅D. - Multiple interacting conditions - Unique and unpredictable manifestations of illness (decreased LOC) - Treatments treat symptoms but that mask the underlying problem - Inaccurate or inadequate sources of information due to cognitive impairments - Myths and misunderstandings about aging - correct answer ✅Complexity of Health Assessment for older adults include person's ability to fulfill responsibilities - formal process - correct answer ✅Functional Assessment measures - tasks associated with personal care - toileting, feeding, dressing, grooming, bathing, ambulation - correct answer ✅ADLs Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - more complex tasks that are essential in community-living situations - shopping, laundry, transportation, cleaning, cooking, money and medication management, use of phone, safe driving - correct answer ✅IADLs Sleep disorders Problems with eating or feeding Incontinence Confusion Evidence of falls Skin breakdown - correct answer ✅SPICES - Safety - Comfort - Functioning - Quality of life - correct answer ✅main concerns about Home Environment (4) specific details about how tasks are accomplished such as " Describe how you get your grocery shopping done" - correct answer ✅rather than asking open-ended questions such as " Do you have any difficulty with..." , ask..... Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 Minimum Data Set (MDS) for Resident Assessment and Care Screening - correct answer ✅Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) mandated that all Medicaid- and Medicare-funded nursing homes begin using a standardized assessment form called Effects of cultural, physical, cognitive, emotional, social, and contextual factors on a person's daily functioning - correct answer ✅Everyday competence was used to describe: night driving and changing lanes - correct answer ✅2 commonly identified concerns related to older adults driving are Fear of loss of independence and quality of life - correct answer ✅cessation of driving for older adults can lead to chronic conditions age-related changes - correct answer ✅Driving-related problems can result from A. Signs of infection with an acute illness are predictable. B. Symptoms of chronic conditions interact with acute conditions. Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Increased social isolation - Increased dependency - View as burden - Less access to community services and health care - Less access to religious institutions - correct answer ✅Concerns of Adults Aging with disabilities civil rights legislation designed to provide people with disabilities access to job opportunities and to the community. - correct answer ✅Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) A dynamic health-oriented process that helps people with disabilities achieve the greatest level of physical, mental, spiritual, social, and economic functioning. - correct answer ✅Rehabilitation patient - correct answer ✅In the rehabilitation team the ________ is always a member 72 hours - correct answer ✅Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Is Frequently used in acute care settings within ____ of admission Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Physical condition (eg, health/illness status), - upper extremity functions (eg, eating, bathing), - lower extremity functions (eg, transfer, ambulation), - sensory function (eg, vision, hearing, speech), - elimination: bowel and bladder function (eg, control of bowel or bladder), - situational factors (eg, social and financial support). - correct answer ✅PULSES Profile Used to measure patient's level of independence in ADLs - Disadvantage: Does not address communicative or cognitive abilities - correct answer ✅Barthel Index a type of assistive technology that helps people with disabilities perform a given task EX. lapboard with pictures that is used to assist a person who cannot talk to communicate - correct answer ✅Assistive device a type of assistive technology that is used to change the environment or help the person to modify the environment Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 EX. a ramp that can be used in place of steps for someone in a wheelchair - correct answer ✅Adaptive device to maintain their independence - correct answer ✅main goal for older adult care is trochanter roll - correct answer ✅position to Prevent external rotation of the hip, - in the wheelchair with feet flat on footrest or floor - Multi Podus boot, if not present use pillows - correct answer ✅to Prevent footdrop (plantar flexion): type of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction - correct answer ✅Isometric exercise - tension remains unchanged and the muscle's length changes. EX. Lifting an object - correct answer ✅Isotonic exercises - Wheelchairs and beds must be locked before transfer begins. - Detachable arm and foot rests are removed to make getting in and out of the chair easier. Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Pressure relief devices - Improve mobility, sensory perception, and nutrition. - Reduce friction and shear forces. - Minimize moisture/hygiene measures. - DO NOT MASSAGE erythematous areas - correct answer ✅Interventions to Prevent Pressure Ulcer Formation The patient pushes down on armrests and raises buttocks off the seat of the chair - correct answer ✅relieving pressure by Push-ups The patient repeats the push-up on the right side and then the left, pushing up on one side by pushing down on the armrest - correct answer ✅relieving pressure by One half push-up: The patient moves from one side to the other while sitting in the chair - correct answer ✅relieving pressure by Moving side to side: The patient bends forward with the head down between the knees (if able) and constantly shifts in the chair - correct answer ✅relieving pressure by Shifting: Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Remove pressure. - Prevent moisture, shear, and friction. - Promote proper nutrition and hydration - correct answer ✅treatments for stage 1 pressure ulcer - Clean with sterile saline. - Semipermeable occlusive dressings, hydrocolloid dressings, or wet saline dressings provide a moist healing environment - correct answer ✅treatments for stage ii pressure ulcer - Debridement to remove infected and necrotic tissues. - Topical treatment to promote granulation of tissue. - Surgical interventions may be required - correct answer ✅treatments for stage iii & iv pressure ulcer increase in intra-abdominal pressure - correct answer ✅Stress Urinary Incontinence is due to urine lost during abrupt and strong desire to void - correct answer ✅Urge Urinary Incontinence Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 urge and stress incontinence present - correct answer ✅Mixed Urinary Incontinence includes symptoms of both overdistention and overflow of bladder - correct answer ✅Overflow Urinary Incontinence factors outside the urinary tract (e.g., inability to ambulate) - correct answer ✅Functional Urinary Incontinence is caused by emptying of the bladder without sensation of need to void - correct answer ✅Reflex Urinary Incontinence continuous, unpredictable loss of urine - correct answer ✅Total Urinary Incontinence - Do not restrict fluids. Ensure 2-3 L intake daily. - Bladder training - Habit training - Kegel exercises Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 True - correct answer ✅One of the essential roles of the rehabilitation nurse is to assess pre-existing coping abilities and identify when a patient is not coping well or adjusting to the disability. True or False False - correct answer ✅When teaching proper crutch walking techniques, the nurse holds the patient at the waist as needed for balance, and teaches the patient to advance the unaffected leg forward first to prevent weight-bearing and flexion. True or False False - correct answer ✅In developing a bladder training program, the nurse should limit fluid intake to decrease the frequency of urination. condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal - correct answer ✅Osteopenia disease of bones that leads to an increased risk of fracture. - In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced. - correct answer ✅Osteoporosis - Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake - Lack of weight-bearing activity Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Female gender - Small bones - Increased age*** - Tobacco smoking - Excessive alcohol drinking - Certain medications - correct answer ✅Risk factor for Osteoporosis and Fractures - Intake of calcium and vitamin D - History of fractures - correct answer ✅Risks for osteoporosis include - Teaching about exercise - Teaching about osteoporosis - Implementing fall prevention programs - Preventing fall-related injuries and death - Addressing fear of falling - correct answer ✅Nursing Interventions for Musculoskeletal Wellness include True - correct answer ✅Exercise programs to increase strength and endurance in the older adult population may help delay the onset of the age-related functional consequences of decreased strength and endurance. True or False Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 A. Primary osteoporosis occurs with pathologic problems. B. Secondary osteoporosis occurs as a result of age-related changes. C. Osteoporosis can cause serious negative functional consequences even in the absence of additional risk factors. D. Estrogen levels have a minimal impact on the development of osteoporosis - correct answer ✅Which statement about osteoporosis is true? - correct answer ✅C. A. Falls are most often the result of an isolated risk factor. B. The risk of falling increases in proportion to the number of risk factors. C. Risk factors for falls do not vary according to the environment. D. Functional abilities of the older adult are not considered a risk factor for falls. - correct answer ✅Which statement related to risk factors for falls and the older adult is true? - correct answer ✅B. A. There is a greater decline in muscle strength in the upper extremities. Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Challenging leisure activities (dancing, reading) - Strong social networks - Activities that foster sense of control and mastery (online games) - correct answer ✅activities to Promote Cognitive Wellness decrease LOC (change in cognition) - correct answer ✅main symptom in older adults for UTI and increased ammonia levels is A. Affect and motivation have little impact on the decision-making process. B. Older adults may require more time to make decisions. C. A large amount of information is necessary to make a decision. D. The decision will probably be made based on impulse. - correct answer ✅Which statement can be made regarding the older adult and decision-making skills? - correct answer ✅B. A. Difficulties with vision and hearing B. Anticholinergic medications Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 C. Deficiencies in vitamins A and D D. Effects of ageism - correct answer ✅Which of the following is not a risk factor for cognitive impairment? - correct answer ✅C. A. Daytime napping B. T'ai chi C. Moderate alcohol consumption D. Listening comprehension exercises - correct answer ✅Which activity would be most effective for promoting cognitive wellness? - correct answer ✅B. Research has indicated that regular physical exercise, including aerobic exercise, is effective for improving "brain fitness" in older adults - Retirement (ask how life changed after retirement)*** - Relocation Care of older adults Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2023 - Chronic illness and functional impairments - Decisions about driving a car - Widowhood - Death of family and friends - Ageist attitudes - correct answer ✅Life Events that Affect Psychosocial Function - religion and spirituality - cultural considerations - correct answer ✅Factors That Influence Psychosocial Function are culturally specific disorders associated with psychosocial characteristics of a particular group - correct answer ✅Culture-bound syndromes - Anxiety - Loneliness - Depression - Cognitive impairment - correct answer ✅Negative Functional Consequences Associated With Psychosocial Function are