Career Counseling and Development, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Career Counseling and Development and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! NCE Exam: Lifestyle and Career Development Over ___% of marriages are dual-earner marriages. - 54 (Around 60% when looking at marriages with children. In 1950, it was 20.4%.) Studies suggest how many workers snare a job based on chance factors? - 1 in 5 What ____% of all college students have career difficulties? - 50 (of all college students) What are 're-entry women'? - Women who have made the transition from homemaker to jobs outside the home. Displaced homemaker - A woman with children who was a homemaker but is currently in need of work to support her family. What is meant by the term 'glass ceiling'? - Suggests women are limited in terms of how far they can advance in the workforce; is a form of occupational gender role stereotyping that can limit a woman's careers. Women now compromise _____% of the workforce; approximately ____ ______ workers. - 46%, 69 million John O. Crites - Feels the need for career counseling exceeds the need for therapy. Victor Vroom's Motivation and Management Expectancy Theory - suggests employee performance is influenced by: valance (rewards such as money, promotion, or satisfaction), expectancy (what am I capable of doing?), and instrumentality (will management come through with promised rewards?) Vocational guidance - A developmental and educational process within a school system. Career counseling - A therapeutic service for adults with occupational goals that is performed outside the educational setting. A Bachelor's degree - on average, this boosts yearly income by $10,000 over that of worker with a high school diploma. ____% of workers have a high school diploma. - 75% "Changing View of Work" - indicates that in the past, work was seen as drudgery, while today it is viewed as a vehicle to express our identity, self-esteem, and status. Which ethnic group has the highest % of Bachelor's degrees? - Asians followed by Caucasians, African Americans, and Hispanics Leisure time - is time away from work where the individual has freedom to choice what he/she would like to do. Career is sometimes defined as - the total work one does in a lifetime plus leisure. Avocation - A leisure activity one engages in for pleasure rather than money. Dual-career families - have less leisure time than single-career families. (Note the up-and-coming specialty, "leisure counseling") Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - states women should have equal work opportunities and equal job pay. 80% Four-fifths Rule - Used to determine discrimination selection processes. The hiring rate for minorities is divided by the hiring rate for non-minorities, and the result must be 80% or greater. Adverse impact - occurs if the quotient from the Four-fifths Rule is less than 80%. Roe's 6 levels of occupational skill - professional and managerial 1 professional and managerial 2 semiprofessional/small business skilled semiskilled unskilled Roe's 3 basic parenting styles - Overprotective Avoidant Acceptant Depending on which, the child will develop a personality which gravitates toward or away from people. Roe's theory is similar to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs in what way? - Lower order needs take precedence over higher order needs. Roe's theory is supported somewhat by which assessments? - Rorschach and the TAT. (Memory device: Roe begins with R, Rorschach begins with R, TAT is also subjective test) In terms of genetics, Roe's theory asserts - genetics help determine intelligence and education, therefore influencing career choice. Career choice is influenced by genetics, parent-child interaction, unconscious motivators, current needs, personal interests, education, and intelligence. Job - A given position or similar positions within an organization. (most specific) Occupation - Similar jobs occupied via different people in different settings. (broader than job) Career - A person's lifetime positions plus leisure. (broadest category) Edwin Bordin - Analyzed career choice using the unconscious mind. A.A. Brill - Emphasized sublimation as an ego-defense mechanism in career counseling. John Holland - His work is today's most popular career choice approach. Developed Self-Directed Search (SDS) instrument to measure 6 personality types Holland's 4 assumptions - -6 basic personality types -most work environments correspond to 6 personality types -people search out an agreeable environment -the individual's behavior is determined by interaction of personality and environment Holland's 6 personality types - Artistic Social Realistic Investigative Conventional Enterprising (memory device, "AS RICE") Roe, Brill, and Holland - Classified as personality (or structural) theorists. Holland's 'social' type - People who prefer to solve problems using interpersonal skills and feelings. Holland's 'enterprising' type - People who like to sell to others or perform leadership tasks (i.e., Vice Prez of USA) A client who wishes to work on an assembly line would fit into Holland's _____ typology? - Realistic Holland's 'investigative' type - People who like to think their way through a problem. (i.e., scientist, engineer, mathematician, philosopher) Holland's 'artistic' type - People who tend to shun conformity as well as structure; emphasis on self- expression. A bookkeeper or clerical worker would primarily fit into Holland's ______ typology? - Conventional Holland's 'conventional' type - People who value conformity, structure, rules, and feel comfortable in a subordinate role. (i.e., statisticians, bank clerks) [Memory device: Conventional & Conformity both begin with C] Holland's theory of career development is a _________-based approach of ____ _____. - Personality, career choice Holland believed that most people are not pure personality types and thus can be described by a distribution of types such as Realistic, Social, Investigative (RSI). - ... Which model is the Strong Interest Inventory based upon? - John Holland's Holland believed a given occupation will tend to attract ____ with ________ _____________. - Persons with similar personalities Holland and Roe agree that early childhood development influences _____ _______ _________. - Adult personality characteristics Hoppock's theory is based on the work of ______ and is a personality approach like Holland's. - Henry Murray - created the "needs-press" theory and the TAT projective test. ___________ ______ ______ view career choice as an ongoing or longitudinal process rather than a single decision made at one point in time. - Developmental career theorists (pioneers were Ginzberg, Ginsberg, Axelrad, and Herma) Until _____, the trait-and-factor model of career counseling was king. - 1950 Gelatt Decision Model - Predictive system - concerned with probably alternatives, actions, and possibilities Value system - concerned with relative preferences regarding outcomes Decision system - provides rules and criteria for evaluating outcome Linda Gottfredson's career development theory - focuses on circumscription and compromise Leading method of finding job info in the US is ______. - newspaper classifieds Another term for finding a job on the internet` - job-netting Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH) - good for job trends, easiest to read/understand, contains approx. 800 job descriptions, first published in 1946, still used by 9 out of 10 high schools Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) - first published in 1939 by Dept. of Labor, approx. 30,000 job titles, replaced by O NET In the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), each job is given a ____ digit code. - 9 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) manual - Classifies business by the type of activity they engage in (i.e, service or product) (memory: working in industry won't make you sic) Underemployment - Working in a position below skill level. 3 fastest growing occupations (2008) - computer support specialist, systems analyst, database admin Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) - published by Dept. of Labor, groups jobs in 14 interest areas to help job seekers research job interests Self-efficacy career theory is based on the work of - Behaviorist Albert Bandura Believed in chance factors influencing career, or that one's expectation/belief of success in an occupation caused them to gravitate toward a field. SIGI Plus, Choices, and Discover are - Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systrems (CACG) or Computer- based Career Information Systems (CBCIS) Contrast effect - The contrast between an individual and others affecting job interviews, performance, etc. Compensatory effect - Compensating outside of work for things not allowed on the job (i.e., librarian being quiet all day then getting loud/crazy at night) Spillover effect - Work spilling over into a person's leisure time. American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) - Prior name for the American Counseling Association (ACA) Lifestyle - A broad term describing the overall balance of work, leisure, family, and social activities. Strong Interest Inventory (SCII) - based on John Holland's theory, measures INTERESTS, not activities Assumes person interesting in a given subject will get satisfaction from working in an occupation with others who have similar interests Self-Directed Search (SDS) - Based on Holland's work, self-administered, self-scored, self-interpreted to match Holland's 6 types, suitable ages 15+, not recommended for uneducated, illiterate, etc. Sedentary job requirement - max lifting of 10 pounds Light work requirement - max lifting of 20 pounds Medium work requirement - max lifting of 50 pounds Heavy work requirement - max lifting of 100 pounds Very heavy work requirement - max lifting of over 100 pounds Hidden job market - suggests most jobs are not advertised. (Approx. 76% are not.) You walk into a seminar on career counseling and note the instructor is drawing a hexagon on the blackboard. The instructor is most likely discussing - John Holland Kuder Occupational Interest Survey (KOIS) - Now the Kuder Career Search with Person Match for online completion; written at 6th grade reading level, effective 7th grade - adulthood. General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) - used by state employment security offices, VA hospitals, and related gov agencies; measures 12 job related aptitudes Occupational aptitude tests like the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) and the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Test (ASVAB) grew out of the _____. - trait-and-factor movement related to career counseling Primary purpose of an aptitude test - to predict future performance An aptitude test does not imply that you are adept at the skill at the present moment, it merely speculates about whether or not you could capture these skills with proper training and experience. - ... Aptitude tests attempt to _______ potential. - Measure The concept of "occupational sex segregation" suggests that - female occupations generally pay less and lack the status of male occupations.