Career Counseling Final Exam, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Career Counseling Final Exam and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Career Counseling Final Exam What is O*Net & OOH How can they be used in Career Counseling - O*Net - Occupational Information Network. Formally the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. OOH is the Occupational Outlook Handbook. Both can look up different careers and what a career may look like. It is a great tool to help clients get a better understanding of different career options What are Future Trends in Career Development - need to adapt to globalization of work increase awareness of multicultural practice increased training in technological developments interventions will need to respond to changes in family dynamic (dual earner, lack of benefits like day care / paternal leave) Why do we use theory to inform practice? - used to determine potential patterns in a given field acts as a model to guide practice address informed possibilities anticipate problems and corrections for those problems What questions can you ask yourself about usefulness of a theory? - Does theory address diverse groups? Does it describe the process in general? How do the theories describe the factors involved? How well do theories inform practice? Is there empirical support for the theories? Describe the concept of Consistency - degree of relatedness within types according to Holland. Types located next to each other have more in common. If one with low consistency, it will be harder to find a job in their ideal work environment Describe the concept of Congruence - Degree of fit between the individual's personality type and current or prospective work environment. What is Narrative Theory - a postmodern approach that highlights personal agency in career development. Emphasizes understanding and articulating the main character to be lived out in a specific career plot. What are Narrative Theory Interventions? - Elaborate a Career Problem Compose a Life History Found a future narrative - techniques like constructing a life-line Construct a reality - job shadowing Changing life structure - outlining priorities, identifying strengths; support system Enacting a role - actualizing ideals Crystallizing a decision - making a choice translates into actualities. Describe the advantages of Internet based career planning tools - Provide access from many places can serve very large and dispersed audience databases can be updated frequently from one central source linkages to other websites can be incorporated counselor support can be provided online free or low cost and are not subject to the licensing agreements of other integrated systems What are the disadvantages of Internet based career planning tools - access and operation may be slow use of audio and video may not be feasible because of bandwidth internet is not a secure environment What can a Career Counselor do to increase the likelihood of positive outcomes for clients - contain individualized interpretation and feedback, occupational information, modeling opportunities, attention to building support for the client's choices within client's social network and written exercises Describe Constructivism as a concept in career counseling - Individuals form meaning through the decisions and actions they take. Underlies Cochran's narrative approach and Young's contextual approach Four Questions should be taken into account: How can I form a cooperative alliance with this client? How can I encourage the self-helpfulness of this client? How can I elaborate and evaluate his or her constructions and meanings? How can I help this client reconstruct and negotiate personally meaningful realities? Define acculturation - adopting cultural traits or social patterns of another group Define pluralism - a situation in which people of different social classes, religions, races, etc. are together in a society but maintain their cultural differences Define ethnocentrism - belief that your own culture or value system is superior and preferable to another Etic - Universal Emic - Culturally Specific Difference Between formal and informal Assessments - Formal: standardized tests. They have been subjected to scientific rigor. Research has been performed in an effort to assure quality and to know the properties that the instrument processes Informal: checklists, games, card sorts, etc. NOT subjected to the scientific rigor or research Dinklage described various types of decision makers. Which will have the easiest and which the hardest time making decisions - Planful - systematic, step by step decision making Agonizing - attempts systematic but is engrossed in information and can't make a decision Impulsive - selects alternatives quickly - doesn't recognize value of collecting data Intuitive - selects alternatives without having to go through steps - substitutes experience for data Compliant - lets others decide for them Delaying - delays out of fear, lack of data, or motivation Fatalistic - believes life events controlled and they have no control in choices Paralytic - recognizes need for decision but cannot move forward Easiest time: planful, impulsive, intuitive, compliant Hardest time: agonizing, delaying, fatalistic, paralytic Know the 2 x 2 ethical matrix - Ethical & Legal - can and should (keep confidentiality) Ethical & Illegal - should and can't (not disclosing information to parents about children) Unethical & Legal - can and shouldn't (lying to a client) Unethical & Illegal - can't and shouldn't (sexual relationship with a client) What does Kidder say an ethical dilemma involves - Occurs only in instances when there are competing "rights" or there is a struggle to determine the "least bad" Kidder labels situations with struggle between right and wrong as moral temptations