Career Development Theories and Concepts: A Comprehensive Overview, Exams of Leadership and Team Management

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CPCE Career Development questions with

correct answers

5 influential career theories of today CORRECT ANSWER 1) Donald Super

2. John Holland
3. Linda Gottfredson
4. John Krumboltz
5. Mark Savickas Actuarial theory CORRECT ANSWER Structure of individual - needs, traits, interests - examples: trait-factor and needs based Developmental career theory CORRECT ANSWER career development as occurring over time, usually through stages - example: self-concept and need Donald Super CORRECT ANSWER Developmental approach to career - labeled himself as differential developmental social phenomenological psychologist - Developmental approach to careers CORRECT ANSWER Donald Super - characterized as life span, life space Early Super CORRECT ANSWER 1940s - 1960s - included vocational development stages and vocational development tasks Vocational development stages CORRECT ANSWER a. growth (birth to 14-15) b. exploratory (15-24) c. establishment (25-44) d. maintenance (45-64)

e. decline (65+) later changed to decline to disengagement Vocational development tasks CORRECT ANSWER a. crystallization (ages 14-

b. specification (18-21) c. Implementation (21-24) d. stabilization (24- e. consolidation (35+) Career maturity CORRECT ANSWER later renamed it career adaptability Later Super - 1970s CORRECT ANSWER Super viewed career development as more holistic 9 major roles we play in life CORRECT ANSWER child, student, citizen, spouse, homemaker, parent, worker, leisurite and pensioner 4 theaters where roles are played out CORRECT ANSWER home, community, school, and workplace Archway Model CORRECT ANSWER Super developed - many determinants that comprise one's self-concept Pillars of Archway model CORRECT ANSWER 1) one pillar represents factors and variables within the individual that influence career development such as needs, aptitudes, interests and achievements

2. Other pillar includes external factors such as family, community, and labor market.

Top of each arch CORRECT ANSWER between 2 pillars is the self of the individual Career Pattern Study CORRECT ANSWER Super is responsible - examined vocational behavior of 9th graders all the way into their 30s. John Holland CORRECT ANSWER acturial or structural in approach (RIASEC) R - Realistic I - Investigative A - Artistic S - Social E - Enterprising C - Conventional Every person ha all six types in varying amounts Vocational Preference Inventory & Self-Directed Search CORRECT ANSWER John Holland RIASEC Theory CORRECT ANSWER John Holland - hexagon to explain Linda Gottfredson CORRECT ANSWER 1980s - Circumscription (narrow down selection) and Compromise (opt out of unavailable or inappropriate occupations) 4 stages - individual development CORRECT ANSWER 1) Orientation to size and power (3-5)

2. Orientation to sex roles (6-8)

3. Orientation to social valuation (9-13)
4. Orientation to internal unique self (14+) John Krumboltz CORRECT ANSWER LTCC - Learning theory of career Counseling - he used Bandura's social learning theory to identify the principal concepts. Zone of acceptable alternatives CORRECT ANSWER occupations within range are consistent with the individuals self concept LTCC - Career Development and decision making involve CORRECT ANSWER
5. Genetic endowments and special abilities
6. environmental conditions and events
7. Instrumental and associative learning experience
8. Task approach skills The Career Beliefs Inventory CORRECT ANSWER Krumboltz - used to identify clients' mental barriers. Unplanned Happenstance CORRECT ANSWER Krumboltz - Unplanned and chance events that might influence individuals' career development Ginzberg, ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma CORRECT ANSWER 1951 - believed occupational choice progresed through 3 periods
9. fantasy (birth-11)
10. tentative (11-17)
11. realistic (17+)

Ann roe CORRECT ANSWER Needs Approach - believed genetic factors, environmental experiences and parent-child relations influenced the needs structure each child developed Needs CORRECT ANSWER roe believed that careers were chosen to meet _____. Roe CORRECT ANSWER Field-by-level classification of occupations (6 levels and 8 fields) Reardon, Lenz, Sampson & Peterson CORRECT ANSWER Cognitive information processing (CIP) Social Cognitive Theory CORRECT ANSWER Bandura Constructivism & contextualism CORRECT ANSWER Constructivist approach - suggests that individuals construct their own reality or truth Contextualism - implies that career development is a constant interplay Goal for career counselor CORRECT ANSWER encourage client to make meaning of his or her situation. Mark Savickas CORRECT ANSWER Postmodern career counseling approach based on career construction theory H.B. Gelatt CORRECT ANSWER focuses on decision making process (5 steps)

1. recognize need to make a decision
2. Collect data and look at courses of action

3. Besides looking at courses of action, examine potential outcomes and their probability
4. Attend to your value system
5. Evaluate and make a decision (choose) Later model of career decision making CORRECT ANSWER Positive Uncertainty Trait and Factor CORRECT ANSWER also called actuarial or matching approach Frank Parsons CORRECT ANSWER developed trait and factor - father of guidance Parsons CORRECT ANSWER Who wrote Choosing a Vocation? Trait-factors means CORRECT ANSWER 1) study the individual traits
6. Survey occupations (factors)
7. match the person with an occupation Williamson CORRECT ANSWER Refined trait-factor approach to 6 steps analysis, synthesis, diagnosis, prognosis, counseling, and followup John Crites CORRECT ANSWER developed Career Maturity Inventory - associated with vocational maturity Career theory limitations CORRECT ANSWER samples were usually young, white middle class males and college educated. Women and non-whites typically excluded

Portfolio career CORRECT ANSWER workers are engaged in more than one line of work at the same time Encore career CORRECT ANSWER returning to work in another field Career Counseling Process CORRECT ANSWER 1) establish relationship

2. Problem identification
3. Assessment
4. Provide information
5. Decision making
6. Implementation and follow-up Aptitude tests CORRECT ANSWER ONet Ability Profiler, (former GATB) Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) Achievement Tests CORRECT ANSWER Iowa tests of basic skills (ITBS) Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) American College Test (ACT) Graduate record examination (GRE) Interest Tests CORRECT ANSWER Strong Interest Inventory (SII) Self Directed Search (SDS) Kuder Career Search Planning Sytem ONet Interest Profiler COPSystem 3C(Measure interests, abilities, and values)

Campbell Interest and skill survey Personality test CORRECT ANSWER Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Dictionary of Occupational Titles CORRECT ANSWER 12,000 different jobs are defined Hidden Job Market CORRECT ANSWER 80% of jobs are not advertised or generally known. Goals of career education CORRECT ANSWER career awareness (elementary level) career exploration (middle or junior high) career orientation (high school) career preparation (high school level) career education promotes awareness CORRECT ANSWER through classroom activities, guest speakers,, field trips, internships and part time employment for older students Dislocated worker CORRECT ANSWER unemployed because skills are no longer needed, downsizing, rightsizing, company relocation, shutdown, or high unemployment 75 percent CORRECT ANSWER The number of women in the labor market - many women work part time

47 percent CORRECT ANSWER women make up about ____ of the workforce. More men than women lost their jobs in recent recession 70-80% CORRECT ANSWER women earn between _____ of what men earn with greater wage equality among younger workers. true CORRECT ANSWER True or false - women still assume primary responsibility for children as well as taking care of sick and elderly parents Glass Ceiling CORRECT ANSWER set of restraints that prevent women from moving up Family and Medical Leave Act (FLMA) CORRECT ANSWER covers employers with 50 or more workers. This federal law provides up to a total of 12 weeks of unpaid leave during any 12 month period. new parent or care for an immediate family member Fastest growing occupational clusters CORRECT ANSWER health care, Slowest growing occupational clusters CORRECT ANSWER lumber worker, locomotive firers, postal service Unemployment from lowest to highest CORRECT ANSWER 1) white male

2. white female
3. Hispanic male
4. Hispanic female
5. black female
6. black male

Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act CORRECT ANSWER 2014 - consolidates training for employment and training, adult education Life-span, life space CORRECT ANSWER Donald Super Circumscripton and Compromise CORRECT ANSWER Linda Gottfredson LTCC - learning theory of career counseling CORRECT ANSWER John Krumboltz Krumboltz CORRECT ANSWER planned happenstance - which is unplanned and chance events that will influence individuals career development Career Beliefs Inventory CORRECT ANSWER Krumboltz Trait and factor CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons Father of Guidance CORRECT ANSWER Frank Parsons Edward Strong CORRECT ANSWER Interest Inventory Mark Savickas CORRECT ANSWER postmodern career counseling - also associated with social constructionist approach H.B. Gelatt CORRECT ANSWER Positive uncertainty

Specification CORRECT ANSWER Super identified one of the vocational development tasks as _____. congruence CORRECT ANSWER when a person wants occupation to match personality, interests and skills - they are most interested in the concept of ______ Super concepts CORRECT ANSWER Major roles & theaters Archway Model Life Career Rainbow learning theory CORRECT ANSWER Career development theory of John Krumboltz is referred to as _____ _____.