Caring for Older Adults: Addressing Age-Related Changes and Challenges, Exams of Nursing

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The nurse is providing care for an 82-year-old client whose signs and symptoms of Parkinson disease have worsened over the past several months. The client reports no longer being able to do as many things as in the past. Based on this statement, what issue is of most concern to the client? A. Neurologic deficits B. Loss of independence C. Age-related changes D. Tremors and decreased mobility

B

Which age-related physiologic change contributes to heart disease being the leading cause of death in older adults? A. Heart muscle and arteries lose their elasticity. B. Systolic blood pressure decreases. C. Resting heart rate decreases with age. D. Atrial-septal defects develop with age.

A

An occupational health nurse overhears an employee talking to a manager about a 65-year-old coworker. Which phenomenon should the nurse identify when hearing the employee state to the coworker, "You should just retire and make way for some new blood"? A. Intolerance B. Ageism C. Dependence D. Nonspecific prejudice

B

An 80-year-old client is being admitted for dehydration and syncope. The client is found to be hypotensive, and intravenous fluids are ordered. What are some teaching strategies that the nurse should review with this client? A. Before ambulation the client should rise slowly and take mini breaks between lying, sitting, and standing. B. Increase consumption of meals to three times a day, with the largest meal being at breakfast. C. The client must use a rolling walker and call for assistance with any change in position. D. The temperature in the room should stay very hot, and bathing in hot water is appropriate.

A

A 76-year-old client is in the emergency department with reports of nausea, dyspnea, and shoulder pain. The spouse stated the client woke up confused, slightly unsteady, and pale. Which problem or condition is most likely occurring? A. Myocardial ischemia B. Urinary tract infection (UTI)

C. Lung cancer D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

A 65-year-old client has come to the clinic for a yearly physical. The client reports enjoying good health, but also reports having occasional episodes of constipation over the past 6 months. What intervention should the nurse first suggest? A. Reduce the amount of stress the client currently experiences. B. Increase carbohydrate intake and reduce protein intake. C. Take herbal laxatives, such as senna, each night at bedtime. D. Increase daily intake of water.

D

An 80-year-old client has been admitted to the hospital for hypertension and now requires oxygen. The client asks the nurse why oxygen is needed because they have never smoked and feel fine. The client requires oxygen in the hospital because of which respiratory changes or requirements? A. As a therapeutic measure to encourage coughing and deep breathing B. Diminished respiratory efficiency and declining aerobic capacity C. To increase inspiratory and expiratory force of lungs D. Lung mass increases and residual volume decreases

B

The nurse is providing education to a client with early-stage Alzheimer disease (AD) and the family members. The client has been prescribed donepezil hydrochloride. What should the nurse explain to the client and family about this drug? A. It slows the progression of AD. B. It cures AD in a small minority of clients. C. It removes the client's insight that they have AD. D. It eliminates the physical effects of AD and other dementias.

A

A nurse is caring for an 81-year-old client who has become increasingly frail and unsteady when standing. During the assessment, the client reports having fallen three times in the month, though the client did not suffer any injury. The nurse should take action in the knowledge that this client is at a high risk for which type of injury? A. A hip fracture B. A femoral fracture C. Pelvic dysplasia D. Tearing of a meniscus or bursa

A

The case manager is working with an 84-year-old client newly admitted to a rehabilitation facility. When developing a care plan for this client, which factors should the nurse identify as positive attributes that enhance coping in this age group? Select all that apply. A. Decreased risk taking B. Effective adaptation skills C. Avoiding participation in untested roles D. Increased life experience E. Resilience during change

B, D, E

A nurse will conduct an influenza vaccination campaign at an extended care facility. The nurse will be administering intramuscular (IM) doses of the vaccine. Which age-related change should the nurse be aware of when planning the appropriate administration of this drug? An older adult client has: A. less subcutaneous tissue and less muscle mass than a younger client. B. more subcutaneous tissue and less durable skin than a younger client. C. more superficial and tortuous nerve distribution than a younger client. D. a higher risk of bleeding after an IM injection than a younger client.

A

The admissions department at a local hospital is registering a 78-year-old client for an outpatient diagnostic test. The admissions nurse asks if the client has an advance directive. The client reports not wanting to complete an advance directive because they do not want anyone controlling their finances. What would be appropriate information for the nurse to share with this client? A. "Advance directives are not legal documents, so you have nothing to worry about." B. "Advance directives are limited only to health care instructions and directives." C. "Your finances cannot be managed without an advance directive." D. "Advance directives are implemented when you become incapacitated, when you will use a living will to allow the state to manage your money."

B

A nurse is planning discharge education for an 81-year-old client with mild short-term memory loss. The discharge education will include how to perform basic wound care for the venous ulcer on the client's lower leg. When planning the necessary health education for this client, the nurse should take which action? A. Set long-term goals with the client. B. Provide a list of useful websites to supplement learning. C. Keep visual cues to a minimum to enhance the client's focus. D. Keep teaching periods short.

D