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CCMA Certification Study Guide Exam
Questions and Complete Solutions
Chief complaint CC - Correct Ans: The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" History of present illness HPI - Correct Ans: Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present. Vital Signs - Correct Ans: Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________. Normal oral temperature - Correct Ans: 97.6F - 99.6F intermittent fever - Correct Ans: Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures. Remittent fever - Correct Ans: fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level. Continuous fever - Correct Ans: A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate. 60-100 BPM - Correct Ans: Normal pulse rate Respirations - Correct Ans: Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what? Systole - Correct Ans: contraction of the heart Diastole - Correct Ans: relaxation of the heart
Anthropometric measurements - Correct Ans: Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat. Inspection - Correct Ans: General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech. palpation - Correct Ans: to examine by touch Percussion - Correct Ans: physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest. Ausculation - Correct Ans: the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. OSHA - Correct Ans: a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment cardiopulmonary resuscitation - Correct Ans: an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression SHOCK - Correct Ans: This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body. Symptoms of shock - Correct Ans: Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________.
Intradermal Injection - Correct Ans: ID; 15 degrees no aspiration; used for TB test, allergy test, and local anesthetic Intramuscular Injection - Correct Ans: IM; 90 degress with aspiration Subcutaneous Injection - Correct Ans: SQ; 45 degress pericardium - Correct Ans: protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between Right atrium - Correct Ans: The upper right chamber of the heart, where deoxygenated blood is received from the vena cava and then sent to the right ventricle. Right ventricle - Correct Ans: the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk Left atrium - Correct Ans: the left upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins. Left ventricle - Correct Ans: the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta Aorta - Correct Ans: The largest artery of the body Pulmonary arteries - Correct Ans: The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood. pulmonary veins - Correct Ans: the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. atrioventricular valves - Correct Ans: Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral tricuspid valve - Correct Ans: between right atrium and right ventricle
mitral valve - Correct Ans: between left atrium and left ventricle. Pulmonary valve - Correct Ans: between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Aortic Valve - Correct Ans: Between left ventricle and aorta depolarization - Correct Ans: sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a positive charge repolarization - Correct Ans: when the K+ ions leave the inside of the axon, making the inside charge negative. Myocardial relaxation. SA NODE - Correct Ans: the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium just below superior vena cava AV node - Correct Ans: Located at the posterior septal wall at the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. There is a 1/10 second delay of electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. Lead I - Correct Ans: Left arm is positive and right arm is negative (LA-RA) Lead II - Correct Ans: Left leg is positive and right arm is negative (LL-RA) Lead III - Correct Ans: Left leg is positive and left arm is negative (LL-LA) aVR - Correct Ans: The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative aVL - Correct Ans: The left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative
Vertical axis - Correct Ans: What represents amplitude on an EKG? P Wave - Correct Ans: Deflection produced by Atrial depolarization. Normal range does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.55mm in height. T wave - Correct Ans: Deflection produced by ventricular repolarization QRS complex - Correct Ans: Ventricular depolarization Somatic tremors - Correct Ans: Patients tremors or shaking the wires can produce jittery patterns on the EKG tracing. Wandering baseline - Correct Ans: sweat or lotion on the patients skin or tension on the electrode wires can interfere with the signal going to the EKG apparatus causing the baseline of the tracing to move up and down on the EKG paper. 60-cycle interference - Correct Ans: can produce deflections occurring at rapid rate that may mimic atrial flutter. this is caused by electrical appliances or apparatus being used nearby while the tracing is taken. broken recording - Correct Ans: the stylus goes up and down trying to find the signal. tis can be caused by loose electrode or cables, or by frayed or broken wires arrhythmia - Correct Ans: abnormal heart rhythms Ischemia - Correct Ans: decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel can cause chest pain or angina Myocardial infarction - Correct Ans: Death of myocardial cells PR segment - Correct Ans: .16 mm/s; line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex
ST segment - Correct Ans: From J point to the onset of the T wave; if elevated above base line could indicate myocardial infarction (STEMI) Beta Blockers - Correct Ans: Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, effectively treat angina pectoris and hypertension. Contraindicated for cardiac stress test. 5-6 liters - Correct Ans: The average adult has __ - ___ _______ of blood. 55% - Correct Ans: How much of our blood is plasma? 45% - Correct Ans: How much of our blood is made up of formed elements? RBC, WBC, Platelets 99% - Correct Ans: ____ Of formed elements are Red Blood cells Erythrocytes - Correct Ans: Oxygen carrying protein RBC's 120 days - Correct Ans: What is the normal lifespan of an RBC? 4.2-6.2 Million - Correct Ans: How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood? Thrombocytes - Correct Ans: Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Promote blood coagulation. 140,000-440,000 - Correct Ans: What is the average number of platelets per microliter of blood? Leukocytes - Correct Ans: WBC that proves the body protection again infection. 5,000-10,000 - Correct Ans: What is the normail amount of Leukocytes for an adult per microliter?
median cubital vein - Correct Ans: The vein of choice because is it large and does not tend to move the the needle is inserted. Cephalic vein - Correct Ans: The second choice for venipuncture. It is usually more difficult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients. Basilic Vein - Correct Ans: The third choice for venipunctures. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured. 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site - Correct Ans: Where should the tourniquet be placed when performing venipuncture?
- Blood cultures,
- light blue top tubes
- Serum (red or gray tubes)
- green top tubes
- lavender top tubes
- Gray top tubes. - Correct Ans: What is the correct order of Draw? Fasting specimens - Correct Ans: Glucose Tolerance Test; Patient must have fasted and refrained from strenuous exercise for 12 hours prior tot he drawing. 2 hour postprandial - Correct Ans: This test is used to evaluate diabetes melitus. Fasting glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal of ingesting a measured amount of glucose. Blood cultures - Correct Ans: 8-10 mL; Are measured to detect the presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood. Tests for septicemia. PKU - Correct Ans: To test for mental retardation or brain damage. Cold Agglutinins - Correct Ans: Red topper tubes, and must be kept warm.
Chilled specimens - Correct Ans: Arterial blood gases ammonia lactic acid pyruvate, acth gastrin parathyroid Light sensitive specimens - Correct Ans: Bilirubin beta-carotene Vitamins A&B porphyrins Infant dermal puncture - Correct Ans: Use the lateral aspect of the heel (dorsal pedis lateralis), do not exceed more than 2.0mm. Older children & adult dermal puncture - Correct Ans: Use the distal segment of the third and fourth finger of the non dominant hand. Go perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprint. Lavender Tubes - Correct Ans: Contains EDTA. The tubes are used for CBC, RBC count, WBC & platelet count, WBC differential count, Hemoglobin and hemoaocrit determinations, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rater), Sickle Cell screening. Light blue tubes - Correct Ans: Contains sodium citrate, which prevents coagulation, tube must be completely filled. Test for coagulation studies. Green top tubes - Correct Ans: Chemistry tests. Heparin. tube should be inverted 8 times. Gray top tube - Correct Ans: Fasting blood sugar, Glucose tolerance test, blood alcohol levels, lactic acid measurement. Potassium Oxalate/Sodium Fluoride
Mid-stream Specimen - Correct Ans: A C&S specimen that is collected not at the beginning of end of voiding, but in the middle of urination. Clean-catch specimen - Correct Ans: A C&S specimen that requires special cleaning of the external genitalia prior to collection. anuria - Correct Ans: Little to no urine output. Hemoccult fecal occult test - Correct Ans: Detect imperceptible blood in stool. The first and last portion of the stool after a bowel movement. Invasion of privacy - Correct Ans: This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission. C&S stool specimen - Correct Ans: specimen needs to be protected from contamination; instruct patients to avoid urinating while collecting the specimen nocturia - Correct Ans: urination at night Appendix A - Correct Ans: Section where special coding instructions are found peak flow meter - Correct Ans: A take home device used to test respiratory function transdermal patches - Correct Ans: A method of administering topical medication slowly and cosistently Hematemesis - Correct Ans: vomit blood sigmoidoscope - Correct Ans: An instrument used to view the sigmoid portion of the large intestine that is inserted rectally
Apical pulse - Correct Ans: A method of determining heart rate by placing the stethoscope over the apex of the heart; commonly used for infants Hypoglycemic emergency - Correct Ans: A serious condition in which a patient's blood sugar drops critically low; giving the patient orange juice is a common method used to restore appropriate blood sugar level POL testing - Correct Ans: Physician office lab testing that is usually CLIA waved and can be performed by a medical assistant VDRL and TB - Correct Ans: Communicable diseases in which the infected patient 's information can be released to an outside source Hemothorax - Correct Ans: Blood in the chest cavitiy Nephrolithiasis - Correct Ans: kidney stones sterilization - Correct Ans: free of all microorganisms diaphoresis - Correct Ans: profuse sweating Nosocomial infections - Correct Ans: Infections derived from the patient staying in the hospital V codes - Correct Ans: identify conditions other than a disease or injury, but are not necessarily a primary diagnosis
