CCMA CERTIFICATION STUDY QUESTIONS WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE ANSWERS |VERIFIED, Exams of Nursing

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CCMA CERTIFICATION STUDY QUESTIONS CCMA CERTIFICATION STUDY QUESTIONS WITH GUARANTEED ACCURATE ANSWERS |VERIFIED Chief complaint CC - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" History of present illness HPI - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present. Vital Signs - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________. Normal oral temperature - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 97.6F - 99.6F

intermittent fever - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures. Remittent fever - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level. Continuous fever - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate. 60-100 BPM - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Normal pulse rate Respirations - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what? Systole - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ contraction of the heart Diastole - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ relaxation of the heart Anthropometric measurements - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat. Inspection - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech.

palpation - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ to examine by touch Percussion - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest. Ausculation - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. OSHA - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment cardiopulmonary resuscitation - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression SHOCK - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body. Symptoms of shock - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing

expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________. First aid for Shock - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest of body; attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known; keep victim warm until help arrives Portal of exit - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Method in which a infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex: contact with body fluids such as blood or saliva. mode of transmission - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ contact, droplet, air, vehicles, or vectorborne Portal of entry - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A pathway by which the causative agent enters the host. The area in which a microorganism enters the body. They may be cuts, lesions, injection sites, or natural body orifices. Susceptible host - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent. Disinfection - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores, can only be used on inanimate objects. Will not be used for invasive

procedures, and will not be inserted into body orifices nor be used in sterile procedure. Chemical sterilization - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Uses the same chemical used for disinfection, but exposure time is longer. Steam sterilization (Autoclave) - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ uses steam under pressure to obtain higher temperature (250-254F) with exposure time of 20-40 minutes depending on item being sterilized. hand washing - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What is the most important means of preventing the spread of infection? hand antisepsis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the removal & destruction of transient microorganisms using antimicrobial soaps. PPE Personal protective equipment - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ mask, goggle, face shield, respirator Intradermal Injection - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ ID; 15 degrees no aspiration; used for TB test, allergy test, and local anesthetic Intramuscular Injection - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ IM; 90 degress with aspiration Subcutaneous Injection - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ SQ; 45 degress

pericardium - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ protective sac enclosing the heart composed of two layers with fluid between Right atrium - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The upper right chamber of the heart, where deoxygenated blood is received from the vena cava and then sent to the right ventricle. Right ventricle - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk Left atrium - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the left upper chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the right and left pulmonary veins. Left ventricle - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta Aorta - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The largest artery of the body Pulmonary arteries - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The only arteries in the body that carry deoxygenated blood.

pulmonary veins - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood. atrioventricular valves - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Separate the atria and the ventricles. Right sided tricuspid, left sided mitral tricuspid valve - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ between right atrium and right ventricle mitral valve - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ between left atrium and left ventricle. Pulmonary valve - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk. Aortic Valve - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Between left ventricle and aorta depolarization - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ sodium rushes into neuron through membrane, potassium ruses out; results in a positive charge repolarization - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ when the K+ ions leave the inside of the axon, making the inside charge negative. Myocardial relaxation.

SA NODE - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium just below superior vena cava AV node - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Located at the posterior septal wall at the right atrium just above the tricuspid valve. There is a 1/ second delay of electrical activity at this level to allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. Lead I - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Left arm is positive and right arm is negative (LA-RA) Lead II - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Left leg is positive and right arm is negative (LL-RA) Lead III - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Left leg is positive and left arm is negative (LL-LA) aVR - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The right arm is positive and the other limbs are negative aVL - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The left arm is positive and the other limbs are negative aVF - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The left leg (or foot) is positive and the other limbs are negative

V1 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 4th intercostal space, right sternal border V2 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 4th intercostal space, left sternal border V3 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ equidistant between v2 and v V4 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 5th intercostal space, on the left midclavicular line V5 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line V6 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 5th intercostal space, midaxillary line 1mm - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 1 small square on eKG grid is equal to 5mm - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 1 large square on EKG grid is equal to 1mv - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 2 large squares on EKG grid is equal to

.04 seconds or 40m seconds - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 1 small square on eKG grid is equal to how much time? .2 seconds or 200m seconds - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 1 large square on eKG grid is equal to how much time? 1 second or 1000 m seconds - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 5 large squares on eKG grid is equal to how much time? 25mm per second - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The running speed of an EKG is? Horizontal axis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What represents time on an EKG? Vertical axis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What represents amplitude on an EKG? P Wave - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Deflection produced by Atrial depolarization. Normal range does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.55mm in height. T wave - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Deflection produced by ventricular repolarization

QRS complex - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Ventricular depolarization Somatic tremors - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Patients tremors or shaking the wires can produce jittery patterns on the EKG tracing. Wandering baseline - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ sweat or lotion on the patients skin or tension on the electrode wires can interfere with the signal going to the EKG apparatus causing the baseline of the tracing to move up and down on the EKG paper. 60-cycle interference - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ can produce deflections occurring at rapid rate that may mimic atrial flutter. this is caused by electrical appliances or apparatus being used nearby while the tracing is taken. broken recording - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ the stylus goes up and down trying to find the signal. tis can be caused by loose electrode or cables, or by frayed or broken wires arrhythmia - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ abnormal heart rhythms Ischemia - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel can cause chest pain or angina

Myocardial infarction - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Death of myocardial cells PR segment - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ .16 mm/s; line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex ST segment - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ From J point to the onset of the T wave; if elevated above base line could indicate myocardial infarction (STEMI) Beta Blockers - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, effectively treat angina pectoris and hypertension. Contraindicated for cardiac stress test. 5-6 liters - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The average adult has __ - ___ _______ of blood. 55% - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ How much of our blood is plasma? 45% - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ How much of our blood is made up of formed elements? RBC, WBC, Platelets 99% - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ ____ Of formed elements are Red Blood cells

Erythrocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Oxygen carrying protein RBC's 120 days - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What is the normal lifespan of an RBC? 4.2-6.2 Million - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood? Thrombocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Promote blood coagulation. 140,000-440,000 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What is the average number of platelets per microliter of blood? Leukocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ WBC that proves the body protection again infection. 5,000-10,000 - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What is the normail amount of Leukocytes for an adult per microliter? Leukocytosis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Increased WBC's Leukopenia - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Decreased WBC's

Neutrophils - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ These WBC's are the most numerous and they comprise between 40-60%. of the WBC's Lymphocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ THe second most numerous WBC, comprise between 20-40% of the WBC's Monocytes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Makes up 3-8% of WBC's population they are the LARGEST WBC's. Eosinophils - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Represent 1-3% of WBC populations. fight antibody foreign materials. Basophils - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Account for 0-1% of WBC's in the blood. They carry histamines to be released in case of an allergic reaction. Hemostasis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury. Prevents blood clot formation after venipuncture vascular stage, Platelet phase, coagulation phase, fibrinolysis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Name the four stages of Hemostasis. guage, needle - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The smaller the needle ________ is the larger the diameter of the _______ is.

needle adapters - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Also known as hubs or needle holders; one end has a small opening that connects the needle, and the other end has a wide opening to hold the collection tube. Winged infusion sets - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ They are used for venipuncture on small veins such as those in the hand. The are also used for venipuncture in the elderly and pediatric patients. median cubital vein - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The vein of choice because is it large and does not tend to move the the needle is inserted. Cephalic vein - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The second choice for venipuncture. It is usually more difficult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients. Basilic Vein - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The third choice for venipunctures. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured. 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Where should the tourniquet be placed when performing venipuncture?

1. Blood cultures,

2. light blue top tubes
3. Serum (red or gray tubes)
4. green top tubes
5. lavender top tubes
6. Gray top tubes. - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ What is the correct order of Draw? Fasting specimens - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Glucose Tolerance Test; Patient must have fasted and refrained from strenuous exercise for 12 hours prior tot he drawing. 2 hour postprandial - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ This test is used to evaluate diabetes melitus. Fasting glucose level is compared with the level 2 hours after eating a full meal of ingesting a measured amount of glucose. Blood cultures - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ 8-10 mL; Are measured to detect the presence of microorganisms in the patient's blood. Tests for septicemia. PKU - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ To test for mental retardation or brain damage. Cold Agglutinins - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Red topper tubes, and must be kept warm.

Chilled specimens - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Arterial blood gases ammonia lactic acid pyruvate, acth gastrin parathyroid Light sensitive specimens - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Bilirubin beta-carotene Vitamins A&B porphyrins Infant dermal puncture - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Use the lateral aspect of the heel (dorsal pedis lateralis), do not exceed more than 2.0mm. Older children & adult dermal puncture - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Use the distal segment of the third and fourth finger of the non dominant hand. Go perpendicular to the lines of the fingerprint. Lavender Tubes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Contains EDTA. The tubes are used for CBC, RBC count, WBC & platelet count, WBC differential count, Hemoglobin and hemoaocrit determinations, ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rater), Sickle Cell screening.

Light blue tubes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Contains sodium citrate, which prevents coagulation, tube must be completely filled. Test for coagulation studies. Green top tubes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Chemistry tests. Heparin. tube should be inverted 8 times. Gray top tube - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Fasting blood sugar, Glucose tolerance test, blood alcohol levels, lactic acid measurement. Potassium Oxalate/Sodium Fluoride Red/gray speckled or gold top tube - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Serum Seperator Gel; Chemistry tests. Contain clot activators, glass particles, silica and celite. Must invert tubes 5 times. Red top tube - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Serum chemistry test, serology tests, blood bank. This is a plain vacuum tube that contains no additives Yellow top tube - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Sterile; Contains SUP sodium polyanetholesulfatonate; blood cultures; invert 8 times/ At least once a day - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ How often should tests be checked for accuracy?

Toxicology - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Analyzes poison levels of drugs and poisons Blood type AB+ - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ is Universal Recipient Blood type O+ - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Universal Donor ABGs - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ analysis of aterial blood to determine the adequacy of lung function in the exchange of gases; transport on ice Anuria - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The absence of urine Hematuria - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The presence of blood in the urine Polyuria - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The passage of large volumes of urine First morning urine sample - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ The type of specimen that is most commonly used for routine analysis and HCG (pregnancy) test Mid-stream Specimen - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A C&S specimen that is collected not at the beginning of end of voiding, but in the middle of urination.

Clean-catch specimen - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A C&S specimen that requires special cleaning of the external genitalia prior to collection. anuria - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Little to no urine output. Hemoccult fecal occult test - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Detect imperceptible blood in stool. The first and last portion of the stool after a bowel movement. Invasion of privacy - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ This is the release of medical records without the patient's knowledge and permission. C&S stool specimen - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ specimen needs to be protected from contamination; instruct patients to avoid urinating while collecting the specimen nocturia - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ urination at night Appendix A - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Section where special coding instructions are found peak flow meter - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A take home device used to test respiratory function

transdermal patches - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A method of administering topical medication slowly and cosistently Hematemesis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ vomit blood sigmoidoscope - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ An instrument used to view the sigmoid portion of the large intestine that is inserted rectally Apical pulse - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A method of determining heart rate by placing the stethoscope over the apex of the heart; commonly used for infants Hypoglycemic emergency - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ A serious condition in which a patient's blood sugar drops critically low; giving the patient orange juice is a common method used to restore appropriate blood sugar level POL testing - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Physician office lab testing that is usually CLIA waved and can be performed by a medical assistant VDRL and TB - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Communicable diseases in which the infected patient 's information can be released to an outside source Hemothorax - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Blood in the chest cavitiy

Nephrolithiasis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ kidney stones sterilization - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ free of all microorganisms diaphoresis - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ profuse sweating Nosocomial infections - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Infections derived from the patient staying in the hospital V codes - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ identify conditions other than a disease or injury, but are not necessarily a primary diagnosis