CCT Exam With Complete Solutions Latest Update, Exams of Nursing

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CCT Exam With Complete Solutions

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Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia - correct answers Type of SVT Narrow QRS 3 Different P wave morphologies HR over 100 bpm Common in older patients with underlying conditions Treatment focuses on correcting underlying cause and and ensuring normal electrolyte balance. Medications used control rate such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers Junctional Rhythm - correct answers the SA node is nonfunctional, P waves are absent, and heart is paced by the AV node at 40-60 beats/min Narrow QRS complex Symptoms may include lightheadedness, SOB or syncope Treatment includes electrolyte replacement and possibly discontinuing medications that slow rate Pathophysiology of Complete Heart Block - correct answers Third Degree AV Block, failure of HIS Purjunke system to conduct the electrical depolarization to the ventricles

AV node does not conduct depolarization of ventricles Atria and Ventricles beat independently of each other Atrial Rate faster than Profoundly bradycardic Commonly caused by CAD, usually require a pacemaker PR segment - correct answers Represents the conduction of the cardiac impulse from the atria to the ventricles. Starts at the end of the P wave and ends with the start of the QRS complex ST segment - correct answers Represents the beginning of ventricular repolarization. Starts at the end of the QRS wave and ends at the start of the T wave. The basis for diagnosis of myocardial ischemia TP segment - correct answers Starts at the end of the T wave to the start of the next p wave. represents the time during which the heart is electrically silent or relaxed Effect of Nitrates on BP and HR - correct answers Cardiac medications that decrease the hearts oxygen demand by relaxing muscles in blood vessels and coronary arteries allowing them to widen Decrease Blood Pressure

Slow Heart Rate nitrate drugs include isosorbide mononitrate, nitroglycerin Causes of Atrial Fibrillation - correct answers age, hypertension, CAD, COPD, hyperthyroidism, alcohol abuse Treatments for Atrial Fibrillation - correct answers Medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers or antiarrhythmic medications like sotalol Cardioversion or ablation blood thinners like warfarin to reduce stroke risk Atrial Flutter - correct answers Sawtooth ekg pattern usually 2 to 4 P waves for every QRS Atrial flutter is more organized but less common than AFib, symptoms may be less severe than a fib Type 1 second degree AV block (Wenckebach) - correct answers progressive increase in PR interval with each heart beat until there is a P wave without the presence of a QRS

intermittent failure of AV node usually no specific treatment needed Frequent PVC - correct answers Greater than 20% daily beats patients should undergo further testing to to rule out further heart disease Calcium Channel Blockers - correct answers inhibit transfer of calcium across cell membranes of the myocardium and cardiac/vascular muscles leading to the widening of vasculature increases delivery of oxygen and blood to the heart Results in decreased blood pressure Pulseless VT - correct answers abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles are beating too quickly to properly perfuse the body Treated with CPR and defibrillation Can progress to Ventricular fibrillation Ventricular fibrillation - correct answers common cause of sudden cardiac arrest No cardiac output and will lead to death

CPR and defibrillation as treatment Asystole - correct answers looks like a flat line on an EKG treated with CPR and intravenous epinephrine it is not a shockable rhythm and underlying cause should be identified and reversed if possible PR Interval - correct answers Features of RBBB - correct answers electrical signal blocked at the His_purjunke level left ventricle depolarizes before the right QRS duration >0.12 msec PR interval duration - correct answers 0.12-0.20 seconds Up to one big box on EGK Sinus Tachycardia - correct answers Sinus Rhythm > bpm Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC) - correct answers extra beat created by an impulse to the atrium before the SA impulse

3 Types of Junctional Rhythm - correct answers Junctional Rhytm HR 40-60 bpm Accelerated Junctional Rhythm 60-100 bpm Junctional Tachycardia >100 bpm Type II second-degree AV block - correct answers Constant PR Interval until there is a P wave but no QRS following it Can progress to complete heart block