CDCES Exam Prep with Complete Solutions 2024/2025, Exams of Nursing

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CDCES Exam Prep with complete

solutions 2024/

Steg Lujan - ANSWER-Ertugliflozin + sitagliptin insulin glargine - ANSWER-Lantus, Toujeo Glyburide - ANSWER-Micronase, Diabeta Sitagliptin - ANSWER-Januvia Januvia - ANSWER-sitagliptin Janumet - ANSWER-sitagliptin + metformin Xigduo - ANSWER-Dapagliflozin + Metformin Xigduo XR - ANSWER-metformin + dapagliflozin Trulicity - ANSWER-dulaglutide Dulaglutide - ANSWER-Trulicity Diabeta - ANSWER-glyburide Micronase - ANSWER-glyburide

Glynase PresTab - ANSWER-glyburide Ertugliflozin - ANSWER-Steglatro

• ANSWER- Adult learning principles - ANSWER- DKA - ANSWER-diabetic ketoacidosis HHNK - ANSWER-hyperglycemia hyperosmolar nonketotic coma HHNKS - ANSWER-Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic syndrome is a syndrome in which hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity predominate, with possible alterations of the sensorium. Carbs neeed for 30-60 mins moderate exercise - ANSWER-?? gms carbs/hour Differences between DKA & HHNK - ANSWER- Insulin to Carbohydrate Ratio (ICR) - ANSWER-- Patients taking meal time may be counting carbohydrates t better adjust the insulin dose for that meal and every person responds differently to insulin (some are more sensitive and some are less) ** TWO METHODS: 1. An insulin to carbohydrate ratio (ICR) is patient specific and can be calculated by the Rule of 500 (for rapid-acting insulins) or Rule of 450 (for regular insulin) 500/TDD = gram of carbs covered by 1 unit of rapid-acting insulin 450/TDD = grams of carbs covered by 1 unit regular insulin. 2. Based on body weight - 2.8 x weight in lbs. divided by TDD = ICR basal insulin - ANSWER-type of insulin that controls glucose production between meals and overnight, is about 50% of daily needs, nearly constant levels Total Daily Dose (TDD) - ANSWER-0.5-0.6 units/kg/day

decreases glucagon secretion **lower dosage available for CKD/renal impairment GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics) - ANSWER-increases glucose- dependent insulin secretion (reduces BG rise at meal time) slows gastric emptying promotes satiety suppresses glucagon **Weight loss opportunity for approx 5 years max SGLT2 inhibitors - ANSWER-increase glucose excretion in urine "glucoretic" Lantus (insulin glargine) - ANSWER-long-acting insulin. Onset of 2-4 hours, no peak, 24 hr duration Determir (Levemir) - ANSWER-long-acting insulin. Onset of 2-4 hours, no peak, 24 hr duration Toujeo U-300 - ANSWER-insulin glargine long-acting insulin. Onset of 2-4 hours, NO PEAK, 24 hr duration Tresiba - ANSWER-Insulin Degludec Ultra long-acting U-100 or U- 1 hr onset, 9 hr peak, 42 hr duration after 8 days of once-daily dosing Humulin 70/30 - ANSWER-Insulin (NPH/regular) onset 0.5 hr peak 2-12 hrs duration 24 hrs used for client not needed to mix Humulin N - ANSWER-intermediate acting insulin NPH insulin - ANSWER-Intermediate-acting insulin onset 2 hr, peak 4-10 hr, 16-24 hr

Ex.) Humulin N and Novolin N Afrezza - ANSWER-Inhaled insulin regular onset 12-15 mins, peak 53 mins, duration 160 mins U-500 insulin - ANSWER--5x more concentrated -absorption not the same; slower peak and longer action U-500 - ANSWER-500 units/mL U-500 insulin - ANSWER-- Highly concentrated form of human regular insulin

• Onset, peak, and duration of action are similar to NPH
• U-500 syringe or a tuberculin syringe