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Cellular and Molecular Biology - Past Exam 3 with Answer Key | BIOLOGY 285, Exams of Cellular and Molecular Biology

Material Type: Exam; Class: Cellular & Molecular Biology; Subject: Biology; University: University of Massachusetts - Amherst; Term: Fall 2015;

Typology: Exams

2015/2016

Uploaded on 02/11/2016

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Download Cellular and Molecular Biology - Past Exam 3 with Answer Key | BIOLOGY 285 and more Exams Cellular and Molecular Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Name » Biol 283 Exam 3- Fall 2015 1. Each new DNA strand is initiated by a Short RNA primer C. Precursor fragment B. Single-stranded DNA-binding D. Restriction fragment protein E. Specific DNA primer 2. If guanine makes up 23% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA, then thymine would make up what percentage of the bases? A. 15% D. 30% B. 22% E. 40% Oo 27% 3.A chromosome with its centromere in the middle is a A. Submetacentric D. Holocentric B. Acrocentric G) Metacentric C. Telocentric 4. The semisterility of genotypes heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation results from the lethality due to the chromosomal abnormalities produced by A. Alternate segregation D. AandB B. Adjacent-1 segregation @) BandC C. Adjacent-2 segregation 5. How many Barr bodies would be present in white blood cells of an individual of karyotype 48, XXYY? A. 4 Bas C2: @1 6. Following transcription, the RNA has an almost identical sequence (U instead of T) of which of the following? A, Regulatory sequences D. The template strand of DNA B. Termination sequences E. None of these answers © The coding strand of DNA 7.Alternative splicing allows an organism to P Carry fewer genes C. Produce fewer gene products B. Carry more genes D. More than one of the answers 8. Attaches adjacent Okazaki fragments, forming a continuous DNA strand a DNA ligase D. DNA polymerase | B. DNA polymerase II E. DNA primase C. Topoisomerase 9. Which of the following structural motifs promotes dimerization? A. Zinc finger C. Helix-turn-helix Leucine zipper D. Helix-loop-helix 10. For the following five sequences, what is the consensus sequence? 5’-GGGAGCG-3’ 5’-GAGAGCG-3’ 5’-CAGTGCG-3’ 5’-GAGAACG-3’ 5’-GAGAGCA-3’ A. 5'-GGGAGCG-3’ 5’-GAGAGCG-3’ C. 5’-GAGTGCG-3’ D. 5’-GAGAACG-3’ 11. Which of the following allows the RNA polymerase II to interact with enhancers and specific transcription factors? Mediator D. Sigma factors TFIIB E. None of the answers are C. TFIIH correct 12. A functional protein would contain the information coded for within which of the following regions of DNA? ® Exons D. Promoters B. Introns E. All of the answers are C. Enhancers correct 13. Which of the following provides for a higher level of stability in the mRNA? A. Alternative splicing 3' polyA tailing B. RNA editing D. Trimming 14. What basal transcription factor is most often directly affected by regulatory/specific transcription factors? A. TFIIB Ce TERE @ TFIID D. TFIIF 15. A particular gene has a mutation in its NFR that causes it to bind abnormally tightly to histones. What effect would you expect this mutation has on the expression of this gene? A. The expression of the gene would be abnormally high. B. The effect on gene expression is impossible to predict.. C. The gene would encode a different protein instead. =. The expression of the gene would be abnormally low or absent. . The promoter of the gene will be constantly available to transcription factors and RNA polymerase. 16. CpG islands are associated with which of the following? A. Nucleosome location C. Steroid hormone activity DNA methylation D. cAMP pathwa Fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase should be used only once. The o helices and 8 sheets are examples of protein 36 E structure. A protein such as hemoglobin, which is composed of more than one protein 37D , has 38 ® structure. A protein’s amino acid sequence is known as its 39 : structure. Aprotein__ 40 x 2 is a compact and stable folded region of a polypeptide that can be conserved between different members of a protein 41 © . The three-dimensional conformation of a protein is its 42 K structure. Post-translation, 43 E further modulates the structure and function of proteins. A. tertiary E. covalent modification C. primary B. domain A. sheet D. subunit C. family B. quaternary E. secondary D. helix Use the letters in the diagram of a replication fork in the figure. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. DNA polymerase 8 single-strand binding protein |} Okazaki fragment O primase® sliding clamp (\ RNA primer £ DNA helicase C, A 1 51-56: The figure shows a replication bubble. Label it as instructed below. 51. On the figure, indicate where the origin of replication was located (use an O). 52. Label the leading-strand template and the lagging-strand template of the right-hand fork [R] as X and Y, respectively. 53. Indicate by arrows the direction in which the newly made DNA strands (indicated by dark lines inside of the bubble) were synthesized. 54. Number the Okazaki fragments on each strand 1, 2, and 3 in the order in which they were synthesized. 55. Indicate where the most recent DNA synthesis has occurred (use S). 56. Indicate the direction of movement of the replication forks with arrows. 57. Which of the following terms should NOT be used to describe a human with three copies of chromosome 12? (choose all that apply). Polyploid Euploid Triploid e. 2n+1 ©, Aneuploid = f. Trisomy 12 58. A diploid fruit fly has eight total chromosomes (4 pairs). How many total chromosomes would be found in the following flies? > a. \G Tetraploid d. 3 3n b. 4 Trisomy 2 e. |] 4n+1 7. Monosomy 3 59. Awoman who is heterozygous Bb, has brown eyes. B (brown) is a dominant allele, and b (blue) is recessive. In one of her eyes however there is a patch of blue color. Give three different explanations for how this might have occurred. (three points) mitotic. nrondis sSyarclion > ~ ae WNeles couldh eds up Same cel| Chromosome Camy a ele WoS lost B allele could be~Gele ea mnskerbod| epiaene Lic siknenG & ~G&” allele — wl ly lafen "ke uaa? ( nists mod iran - 45 yoru mechen wrocalrad ANA iseaphyd ex prissich KB" allele elas mena) I V4 f 60. Explain why inversions and reciprocal translocations do not usually cause a phenotypic effect. In a few cases, however they do. Explain how and be specific. (two points) - No net ain [loss oy wernatic - balance ,) a Het eho s charge gene expassion pallerns (polerfall car Wea 61. A zookeeper has collected a = and female lizard that look like they belong to the same species. They mate with each other and produce phenotypically normal offspring. However, the offspring are sterile. Suggest one explanation for their sterility (there are a few options). (two ae Sone Amer could \oid wu] the other Letriploid , OSs arn walk \yo. trip vid Pat a skrile, pr s - Inversion aa also explarh 62. Describe some of the advantages of polyploidy plants. What are the primary consequences of having an odd number of chromosome sets? Are the consequences of having an odd number of chromosomes beneficial or detrimental? Explain. (two points) -larger, mort robust impleid plants can also bloom continuously ee number = sterile fi a 7 | ~sterility can be seen as pos: she or negadve baseck on especre. jo ccedls = exe ple pleasant fo'eat, buat mort: coo| aver seeds 7, large 63. Roughly, how do the half life of DNA and RNA compare? What is the significance of these hall cope S lives, and why would it be detrimental for the molecule with the shorter half life to be more eae (r5al | \ years) h= very Short C wnneeles por ~We need tthe “DUA ee es be we fable , hove rer~ femp conta A oe exprssien — het | RVA he wv galarly deg pos l 64. RNA is single stranded. What are the impli function of RNA in cells? Be specific. (three p Smt RHA is seme shereled. iL is able to SL ante Complex Lnee- dimenhonal shapes capable oy cll oun atts D ribose eyes 65. What chemical group is required for DNA polymerase to add new nucleotides toa growing DNA strand? Is this on the 3’ or 5’ end of the DNA? (two points) Fre 3! OH Chydraeyl ) ations of this on the final ld and 66. A DNA strand has the following sequence: 5'- GATCCCGATCCGATCCTGGGCTTAACTAGGAATTCCAAAGT-3’ In which direction would DNA polymerase slide along this strand Ae one)? (two points) from left to right or from right