Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Exams of Biology

Download Cellular Biology and Biochemistry and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Bio Beyond 101 Final Exam Graded A+ ________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process. - ANSWER-Proteomics; bioinformatics A cell being observed under a microscope has a cell wall, plasma membrane, ribosomes, and chromosomal material that is not found in a nucleus. Based on this information, the cell could be a - ANSWER-bacterial cell. According to Chargaff's rules, ________ always pairs with ________, and ________ always pairs with ________. - ANSWER-A,T; G,C Amino acids are needed to build ________, just as ________ are needed to create DNA. - ANSWER-protein; nucleotides An atom with a neutral charge has - ANSWER-equal numbers of protons and electrons Armadillos have a diploid chromosome number of 64. At prophase I, an armadillo's cell would have ________ tetrads present. - ANSWER-32 As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere? - ANSWER-Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis. The large-scale removal of forests does not have any real effect on atmospheric carbon, because carbon dioxide is not stored in trees. Because trees produce carbon dioxide, the amount of carbon in the atmosphere will decrease with their wide-scale removal. Below is a diagram of a bacterium. What structure does Y represent? - ANSWER- nucleoid Biodiversity increases the consumptive value of land, meaning that - ANSWER-more value can be derived from the more diverse products produced by ecosystems with high biodiversity relative to land that has been cleared for agriculture. Carbohydrates are typically broken down to - ANSWER-glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells. Carrie would like to observe the cilia on the surface of a live paramecium—a single- celled organism. The best device to do this would be a - ANSWER-light microscope. Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function. - ANSWER-surface- area-to-volume ratio Chemical bonds involve - ANSWER-the giving, taking or sharing of electrons. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both - ANSWER-contain DNA Chromosomes are made from - ANSWER-condensed chromatin Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell - ANSWER-lacks organelles beyond ribosomes. Conservation biology supports all of the following ethical principles except - ANSWER- all animals have the same rights or legal status as humans. Deoxyribose is a sugar found in - ANSWER-DNA Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve - ANSWER-loss of plant and animal life in an area. Digestion in humans and earthworms - ANSWER-is similar in that both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract. DNA replication is called semiconservative because - ANSWER-the two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one old strand from the original DNA molecule. Fermentation occurs if - ANSWER-oxygen is not present Forests help to regulate the global climate by - ANSWER-absorbing carbon dioxide. Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much. - ANSWER-false How does DNA differ from RNA? - ANSWER-DNA is comprised of a double strand, RNA is a single strand. human society in its current from is unsustainable becuase - ANSWER-important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished. Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are - ANSWER-renewable energy sources. If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. coral reef tundra What must materials pass through to enter or leave a cell? - ANSWER-plasma mambrane When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible? - ANSWER-during mitosis Where do the vesicles that are being made for secretion from the cell become modified and packaged? - ANSWER-Golgi apparatus Which b one would likely take the longest to heal. - ANSWER-thigh bone of an elderly individual Which feature is found in all cells? - ANSWER-plasma membrane composed of phospholipids Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA? - ANSWER-thymine Which of the following are greenhouse gases? - ANSWER-methane and carbon dioxide Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion? - ANSWER-use of drip irrigation systems Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used? - ANSWER-glucose - lysosome Which of the following is not a benefit of biodiversity - ANSWER-biological magnification Which of the following is not a renewable resource? - ANSWER-Fossil Fuels Which of the following is the correct sequence for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell? - ANSWER-rough endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - plasma membrane Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex? - ANSWER-cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human Which of the following methods may help conserve water by reducing the amount used for agriculture? - ANSWER-contour with no-till farming Which of the following mineral is typically over consumed by american? - ANSWER- sodium Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane? - ANSWER- ribosomes Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle? - ANSWER-Golgi Apparatus Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis? - ANSWER-algae Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence? - ANSWER-interphase, prophase, metaphase, telophase Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity? - ANSWER-tropical rainforest Which one of the following is the smallest unit of matter that has all the properties of an element? - ANSWER-Atom Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work? - ANSWER- mitochondria Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone? - ANSWER-Bacteria Which two terrestrial biomes are the most similar with regards to rainfall - ANSWER- Desert; taiga temperate grasslands; desert While Jeff was looking under the microscope at cells in different stages of mitosis, he commented on the fact that many cells were in the same stage. If you were looking under the compound light microscope at an onion root tip, in what stage of the cell cycle would the majority of the cells be? - ANSWER-interphase Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to - ANSWER-bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body. Without tight junctions in certain tissues, - ANSWER-fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create. Wood and cotton cloth are composed of - ANSWER-cellulose Yellow Bone marrow contain a large percentage of. - ANSWER-fat