Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis, Exams of Nursing

Download Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BSC1005 MIDTERM MDC 2024-2025. All Questions & Correct, Verified Answers. Graded A+ _____ is a steroid. - ANSEstrogen. A Base ______. - ANSWill increase the PH of a solution as it will lower the H+ ions. A child is born with a rare disease in which mitochondria are missing from certain skeletal muscle cells. Physicians find that the muscle cells function. Not surprisingly, they also find that ______. - ANSThe muscles contain large amounts of lactic acid following even mild physical exercise A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly. At the same time, you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed. It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take ______. - ANSan ANABOLIC STEROID A hormone that will be secreted from the cell is manufactured by ribosomes ________. - ANSattached to endoplasmic reticulum. A Hypothesis is a ____. - ANSTentative answer to a question. A pleated sheet is an example of protein ______structure - ANSSecondary A product of glycolysis is ____. A) Lactic Acid B) Ethyl Alcohol C) NAD+ D) O2 E) Pyruvic Acid - ANSPyruvis Acid. A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______ covalent bonds. - ANS4 Active transport ______. A) Uses ATP as an energy source B) Can move solutes against their concentration gradient C) Requires the cell to expend energy D) Can involve the transport of ions E) All of the above - ANSE) All of the above Aerobic cellular respiration generates about _____ ATP from one glucose. - ANS38 Amino acids include a side group as well as _____. - ANS- a central carbon - a hydrogen atom - an amino group - a carboxyl group An aerobic process requires _____. - ANSOxygen. An enzymes function is dependent on its ______. - ANSShape. An object at rest has no ______ energy, but it may have _____ energy resulting from its location or structure. - ANSkinetic....potential. An uncharged atom of gold has an ATOMIC NUMBER of 79 and an ATOMIC MASS of 197. This atom has _____ protons, _______ neutrons, and ______ electrons. - ANS79....118....79 ANaerobic respiration produces a maximum of ______ ATP from one glucose. - ANS2 Microtubules are associated with ______. A) cilia B) flagella C) cell shape in animal cells D) all of the above - ANSALL OF THE ABOVE. Osmosis can be defined as ______. - ANSThe diffusion of water. Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). An abundant and continual supply of ATP is necessary for all living cells. Active muscle cells require an extraordinary amount of ATP to permit strenuous exercise for prolonged periods. Toxins, reduced blood flow, and a compromised respiratory system can interfere with the transport of oxygen to active cells. A runner in a marathon faces multiple obstacles to continue to produce sufficient ATP to remain competitive. Breathing faster when we exercise is necessary to expel ______. - ANSCarbon dioxide and bring in more oxygen to support aerobic metabolism Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). Cellular respiration converts the energy of fuel molecules to a form of energy that a cell can use to perform work. In an average day, most adult humans need to consume about 2,000 Calories to maintain their health. However, the exact amount of dietary Calories a person needs depends upon many factors, including the person's age, physical activity, size, and health. Foods that we consume vary greatly in their nutritional content and quality. A large hard-boiled egg, for example, has about 75 dietary Calories and contains about 70% of our recommended daily intake of cholesterol. Molecules that come from the food we eat provide energy for the amazing work that goes on inside of our cells. This energy, stored inside of our food, is a form of ______. - ANSPotential energy called chemical energy. Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). The earliest cells detectable in fossils were different from the cells in animals, plants, fungi, and protists living today. These first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. Which of the following is a characteristic of chloroplasts that suggests that they might have evolved from free-living bacteria? - ANSChloroplast have their own DNA. Relative to a PH of 6, a PH of 4 has a ______. - ANS100 time high H+ concentration. Relaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called _____. - ANSSignal transduction. Substances that plug up an enzymes active sites are ___. - ANSEnzyme inhibitors The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacteruim is _____. - ANSphagocytosis The branch of biology that explains both the diversity and unity of life is ______. - ANSEvolution. The Calvin cycle makes direct use of _____ to make _____. - ANSCO2, ATP, and NADPH... sugar The Calvin cycle requires ______ and ______ from the light reactions in order to operate. - ANSATP... NADPH The color that we see when looking at a pigmented object is ____. - ANSThe wavelengths that are reflected or transmitted by the pigmented object. The concept of a membrane as a fluid mosaic reflects the ability of ______. - ANSPhospholipids AND proteins to drift about in the plane of the membrane The energy of the wavelengths that appear _____ is least useful to photosynthesis. - ANSGreen. The first electron acceptor of of cellular respiration is ___. - ANSNAD+ The following molecule is best described as _______. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2 - ANShydrocarbon. The following molecule is best described as ______. CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - ANShydrocarbon. The four most common elements found in living things are ______. - ANSCarbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen. The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by ______ bonds. - ANSCovalent. The light reactions of photosynthesis take place in ______. - ANSThe thylakoid membrane The region of an enzyme to which substrate binds is called the ____ site. - ANSActive. The second stage of aerobic respiration is _____. - ANSThe citric acid cycle. The shorter the wavelength of visible light, the _____. - ANSGreater the energy. The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ______. - ANSMetabolism. Through what structure(s) do plants obtain most of their water? - ANSRoots. Which of the following intermediary metabolites enters the citric acid cycle and is formed, in part, by the removal of carbon (CO2) from one molecule of pyruvate? - ANSAcetyl CoA Which of the following is a feature of prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells? - ANSPili Which of the following is a function of the Gogli apparatus. - ANSProtein modification. Which of the following is a measure of randomness in a system? - ANSEntropy. Which of the following is found in both in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis? - ANSElectron transport chain. Which of the following is the source of electrons for the light reactions? - ANSH2O Which of the following metabolic pathways is common to both aerobic and anaerobic processes of sugar breakdown? - ANSglycolysis Which of the following processes could result in the net movement of a substance into a cell, if the substance is more concentrated in the cell than in the surroundings? - ANSActive Transport. Which of the following statements is true? - ANSOxidation is the loss of electrons; Reduction is the gain of electrons. Which of the following structures manufactures the components of ribosomes? - ANSNucleus. Which part of cellular respiration produces the most NADH? - ANSCitric acid cycle. Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved? - ANSIt does not involve organelles or specialized structures, does not require oxygen, and is present in most organisms. Why is water considered a polar molecule? - ANSThe oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge. Within the inner membrane of a chloroplast, interconnected sacs of membrane called ______ are suspended in a thick fluid called the ______. - ANSthylakoids... stroma You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a hypothesis? - ANSMy car battery is dead. You try to start your car, but it does not start. Which of these is a prediction? - ANSIf I recharge the battery, then my car will start.