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Cellular Respiration - Application of Biology - Assignment, Exercises of Biology

This is assignment of Application of Biology course. It has interesting information about biology. In this assignment, information you can find includes: Cellular Respiration, Degree Celsius, Amount of Energy, Small Amount of Energy, Oxygen, Pathways, Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Glucose, Carbon Compound

Typology: Exercises

2012/2013

Uploaded on 02/01/2013

anushkay
anushkay 🇮🇳

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Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration

Food contains a lot of energy. One gram of glucose contains 3811 _____________ ( the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius)

Food labels use ________________, which are 1000 calories.

Cells gradually release the energy we need from the glucose through a process called _____________________________. While glycolysis releases only a small amount of energy, if Oxygen is present then it leads to two other pathways that produce great amounts of energy.

Cellular Respiration—the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Three stages:

  1. Krebs Cycle

Glycolysis First step, one molecule of glucose is broken in half producing two molecules of ______________________________________, a 3 carbon compound. --Does not require ___________________________ Two parts: -----ATP Production --requires ______ ATP to start --gives off 4 ATP --net gain of ____________ -----NADH Production --coverts NAD+^ → NADH by then addition of a high-energy electron pair --makes 2 NADH ***Although the amount of ATP produced is small, a cell can perform glycolysis so fast that it can make thousands of ATP in less than a second. Once the cell uses all of it’s __________________, glycolysis stops.

When there is no oxygen present, glycolysis is followed by ____________________, thus it is an anaerobic process. Two types:

  1. Alcoholic (gives off _____________ and Carbon Dioxide)
  2. Lactic Acid (produces lactic acid, EX: _________________________)

After glycolysis, 90% of the energy in glucose is still unused. To get the rest of the energy we use pathways that require oxygen and are referred to as _________________.

In the presence of oxygen the pryuvic acid produced by glycolysis moves to the ________________ in which it is broken down into Carbon dioxide. It is also known as the ____________________ because of its first product.

The high energy electrons from the Kreb cycle move into the ______________________ which converts ADP into ATP. On average each pair of high-energy electrons converts 3 ADP into 3 ATP.

HOW MUCH ENERGY IS PRODUCED?

In the absence of oxygen we produce _________________ from glycolysis. In the presence of oxygen we produce 34 more ATP from the Kreb cycle and the electron transport chain, making the net gain ____________, which is about 38% of the energy stored in a molecule of glucose.

Sprinting utilizes what pathway? Why are runners so out of breathe?

In long term exercise, the glycogen stores run out in about ________________________, so after that your cells have to breakdown other molecules such as fat to release energy.

Compare photosynthesis and cellular respiration:

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