Stroke: Definition, Forms, History, Impact, Causes, Prevalence, Symptoms, CT Scan, Angiogr, Exams of Nursing

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Cerebral Vascular Accident –Stroke Exam

Questions with Answers

Definition - Correct answer A stroke is a condition when the blood flow to the brain is blocked/stopped and cannot carry blood or oxygen to the brain. http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=stroke Forms - Correct answer Ischemic stroke: when a blood vessel carrying nutrients such as oxygen is blocked Hemorrhagic stroke: when a vessel is ruptured and begins to bleed http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/ history_of_stroke_85,P00223/ History - Correct answer Stroke was first discovered in the middle of the 17th century by a man named Jacob Wafer, who related that blockages in blood vessels can cause paralysis/numbness or trouble walking. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke.htm Impact - Correct answer Stroke is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S.

http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/ Causes - Correct answer The main cause of stroke is the blockage or bleeding out of an artery. Risks that may lead to stroke include high cholesterol, obesity, and lack of exercise. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/causes/con- Population Effects - Correct answer Every year, it is estimated that about 800, Americans have a stroke. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/ Disease Prevalence - Correct answer Stroke is most likely to occur in African- American males. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/risk-factors/con- Most Common Symptoms - Correct answer The most common symptoms of stroke are paralysis/numbness and slurred speech. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con- Most Painful Symptom - Correct answer The most painful symptom is a severe headache, which could lead to nausea/vomiting and dizziness.

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con- The First Symptom - Correct answer The first symptom of stroke could be stumbling while walking/loss of balance, but could also be slurred speech or paralysis. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con- Paralysis Symptom - Correct answer When a stroke victim becomes paralyzed, he/she will experience paralysis in either the face, arms or legs. Normally, this paralysis may be only on one side of the body. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con- Minor Symptom - Correct answer A minor symptom of stroke is double or blurred vision. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con- CT scan (Computerized Tomography) - Correct answer A CT scan is used in diagnosing stroke victims because it can assist the doctor in detecting abnormalities such as hemorrhages by inserting dye into the patient's blood vessel to help better see the vessels.

http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/tests-diagnosis/con- 20042884 Cerebral Angiogram - Correct answer This test is also used to diagnose stroke victims. During this test, the doctor inserts a catheter into a vessel in the inguinal region of the patient and threads it into either the carotid or vertebral artery to allow a better picture of blood flow to the brain. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/tests-diagnosis/con- 20042884 Carotid Ultrasound - Correct answer This test is administered to detect a stroke. The doctor uses sound waves to make images of the carotid artery and to see if there is any plaque or blockage in the carotid arteries. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/tests-diagnosis/con- 20042884 Aspirin - Correct answer One medication used to treat a stroke is Aspirin. It is used to prohibit the blood from clotting. Side effects include nausea, ulcers, and abdominal pain. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con- http://www.medicinenet.com/aspirin_and_antiplatelet_medications/page6.htm

Intravenous Medication - Correct answer Another treatment is the injection of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) intravenously to rid the blood of any clots. Side effects include slight bleeding, although brain bleeding can occur and be fatal. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con- http://www.medicinenet.com/alteplase/article.htm Clot Removal - Correct answer One way blood clots can be removed is by a doctor using a catheter to transport a device to the patient's brain and manually break any clots in the brain. The most common side effect is pain in the removal site. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con- http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=thrombo Carotid Endarterectomy - Correct answer During this procedure, a doctor will make an incision near the carotid artery to physically remove any plaque that is prohibiting blood flow. The most common side effect is pain in incision site. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con-

http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/endarterectomy/ vs_carotid_endarterectomy_overview.aspx Angioplasty/Stent - Correct answer With this treatment, a doctor will insert a catheter, inflate it to push the plaque to the sides of the arterial walls, and then place a mesh stent to keep the plaque against the arterial walls. The most common side effect of this is pain/soreness at the catheter injection site. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con- http://www.patient.co.uk/health/coronary-angioplasty-leaflet# What to Add to Diet - Correct answer To prevent a stroke, one should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/prevention/con- What to Remove from Diet - Correct answer To prevent a stroke, one should decrease the intake of saturated fats or cholesterol. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/prevention/con- Signs of Stroke - Correct answer To quickly see if someone is having a stroke, use the acronym FAST: F- Face; is it drooping? A- Arms; does one arm drop lower than the other when both are raised?

S- Speech; is their speech slurred or strange? T-Time; if any of these signs are present, call 911 immediately. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con- Time Is Crucial - Correct answer The more time that blood flow is restricted from the brain, the more brain damage is possibly, so it is crucial to act quickly. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/knowstroke.htm Fatality Rate - Correct answer It is estimated that about 130,000 Americans die from stroke every year. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Average Rate - Correct answer Approximately every 4 minutes, an American dies from a stroke. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Cardin/o - Correct answer combining form meaning heart

"Medical Terminology for Health Professions" by Ann Ehrlich Agni/o, Vas/o - Correct answer combining forms meaning blood vessels "Medical Terminology for Health Professions" by Ann Ehrlich Artery/o - Correct answer combining form meaning arteries "Medical Terminology for Health Professions" by Ann Ehrlich Plebe/o, Venn/o - Correct answer combining form meaning veins "Medical Terminology for Health Professions" by Ann Ehrlich Hem/o, Hemet/o - Correct answer combining form meaning blood

"Medical Terminology for Health Professions" by Ann Ehrlich