Social Psychology: Key Concepts and Definitions, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 social psychology DEFINITION 1 the study of the causes and consequences of sociality TERM 2 social cognition DEFINITION 2 processes by which people come to understand others TERM 3 stereotyping DEFINITION 3 process by which people draw inferences about others based on knowledge of the category to which others belong TERM 4 the primacy effect DEFINITION 4 the principle that the first information learned about someone is the most powerful TERM 5 stereotypes can : DEFINITION 5 self perpetuatebe inaccurateare overusedis automatic TERM 6 perceptual confirmation DEFINITION 6 (individual) when observers perceive what they expect to perceive TERM 7 self-fulfilling prophecy DEFINITION 7 tendency to cause what they expect TERM 8 illusory correlation DEFINITION 8 seeing a pattern of a relationship between two variables where no relationship exists TERM 9 stereotypes are overused: DEFINITION 9 the tendency is to underestimate similarity between groups TERM 10 implicit association test DEFINITION 10 used to examine racial, sexist, or age attitudes TERM 21 fundamental attribution error DEFINITION 21 (correspondence bias) tendency to make dispositional attribution even when behavior is caused by situation TERM 22 actor-observer effect DEFINITION 22 tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors and dispositional ones for the behavior of others TERM 23 buss DEFINITION 23 sexual strategies theory TERM 24 we find that the more faces morphed together the more attractive a picture was shows what? DEFINITION 24 physical attractiveness = average TERM 25 physical factors: male DEFINITION 25 broad shouldersmature face TERM 26 physical factors: women DEFINITION 26 hour glass figureimmature face TERM 27 mere exposure effect DEFINITION 27 proximitysimilarity TERM 28 relationships intensity plotted against time DEFINITION 28 passionate love peaks early and lowerscompanionate love steadily increases TERM 29 social exchange/equity theory DEFINITION 29 favorable ratio of costs to benefits TERM 30 aggression DEFINITION 30 purpose of this behavior is to harm another TERM 31 frustration aggression hypothesis DEFINITION 31 aggression occurs when goals are thwarted (failure to obtain your goal) TERM 32 testosterone levels promote ___ DEFINITION 32 aggression by increasing concern for status TERM 33 men have a higher what kind of aggression? DEFINITION 33 impulsive aggression TERM 34 women have a higher what kind of aggression? DEFINITION 34 pre-mediated aggression TERM 35 __ describes the use of force to acquire scarce resources DEFINITION 35 aggression TERM 46 the tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person's behavior was caused by the situation is referred to as ___ DEFINITION 46 correspondence bias TERM 47 cooperation DEFINITION 47 behavior by two or more that leads to mutual benefit- the prisoner's dilemma example TERM 48 reciprocal alturism DEFINITION 48 helping others with the understanding that they are supposed to eventually help us TERM 49 altruism DEFINITION 49 behavior that benefits others without benefiting self TERM 50 kin selection DEFINITION 50 selection for genes that cause individuals to provide benefits for their relative TERM 51 group DEFINITION 51 a collection of people with something in common that distinguishes them from others-the need to belong TERM 52 social exclusion causes activation where? DEFINITION 52 anterior cingulate cortexwhich signals pain, anxiousness, depression TERM 53 do groups make good decisions? DEFINITION 53 generally they do TERM 54 group polarization DEFINITION 54 taking a position at one extreme or another TERM 55 group think DEFINITION 55 those who disagree suppress their opinions, are silent(not a lot of support for this) TERM 56 deindividuation DEFINITION 56 immersion in a group causes one to become less aware of individual values TERM 57 bystander apathy DEFINITION 57 a bystander is less likely to give aid when others are present- kitty genovese case (38 heard her cry, still got murdered) TERM 58 diffusion of responsibility DEFINITION 58 feel less responsibility to act when others nearly are equally able to act TERM 59 pluralistic ignorance DEFINITION 59 a person says or does nothing falsely assuming that others have a different, better informed opinion TERM 60 social influence DEFINITION 60 control of one's behavior by another TERM 71 the greatest risk for obesity is DEFINITION 71 if a very close friend is obese TERM 72 normative influence DEFINITION 72 another person's behavior provides information about what is appropriate TERM 73 you becoming obese if your very close friend is obese is caused by ___ DEFINITION 73 normative influence TERM 74 conformity DEFINITION 74 the tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it- soloman-asche's experiment (match first line with one from three)- enhances group cohesion TERM 75 obedience DEFINITION 75 tendency to do what authorities tell us to do simply because they tell us to do it- part of the approval motivestanley- milgrim experiment (shocking people) TERM 76 ___ of teacher-subjects gave highest (450v) shock level DEFINITION 76 62% TERM 77 obedience rate for the stanley milgrim experiment today would be __ DEFINITION 77 the same as in 1965 TERM 78 social roles DEFINITION 78 socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person functioning in a given setting or group TERM 79 obedience to authority DEFINITION 79 stanford prison experiment - phlip zimbardo