Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Medical Sciences

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androgen

generic term for an agent (usually a hormone, such as testosterone and androsterone) that stimulates development of male characteristics TERM 2

ductule

DEFINITION 2 very small duct TERM 3

homeostasis

DEFINITION 3 state in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environment- the regulatory mechanisms of the body control temperature, acidity, and the concentration of salt, food, and waste products TERM 4

scrotum

DEFINITION 4 pouch of skin in the male that contains the testicles TERM 5

synthesis

DEFINITION 5 formation of a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements - skin synthesizes vitamin D (needed by bones for calcium absorption)

synthesize

to produce by synthesis TERM 7

integumentary system components

DEFINITION 7 skin and accessory organs (hair, nails, and glands) TERM 8

integumentary system functions

DEFINITION 8

• glands - produce several types of secretions - nerves - transmit impulses - blood vessels - help regulate body temperature - skin - covers and protects all outer surfaces of the body and performs many vital functions, including the sense of touch TERM 9

skin functions

DEFINITION 9 protects underlying structures from injury provides sensory information to the brain protecting the body against ultraviolet rays regulating body temperature preventing dehydration acts as a reservoir for food and water synthesizes vitamin D when exposed to sunlight TERM 10

layers of skin

DEFINITION 10 epidermis and dermis

epidermis

outer layer of skin that is relatively thin, but thickest on palms of hands and soles of feet TERM 12

strata

DEFINITION 12 sublayers of epidermis TERM 13

strata of epidermis

DEFINITION 13 epidermis stratum corneum basal layer (from most superficial to deepest) TERM 14

stratum corneum

DEFINITION 14 composed of dead flat cells that lack a blood supply and sensory receptors thickness is correlated with normal wear of the area it covers TERM 15

basal layer

DEFINITION 15 only layer of epidermis made of living cells where new cells are formed and move toward the stratum corneum to replace cells that have been sloughed off has melanocytes

keratin

a hard protein material made from cells in the basal layer that move toward the surface to be sloughed off as they die relatively waterproof to prevent body fluids from evaporating and moisture from entering the body TERM 17

melanocytes

DEFINITION 17 special cells in the basal layer that produce melanin TERM 18

melanin

DEFINITION 18 black pigment created by melanocytes provides a protective barrier from the damaging effects of the sun's ultraviolet radiation TERM 19

albino

DEFINITION 19 individual who cannot produce melanin and has a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin TERM 20

dermis

DEFINITION 20 second layer of skin that lies directly beneath the epidermis(corium)- composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings- also has hair follicles, sebaceous (oil) glands, and sudoriferous (sweat) glands

corium

different name for dermis TERM 22

subcutaneous layer

DEFINITION 22 (hypodermis)- binds dermis to underlying structures- composed primarily of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue interlaced with blood vessels - stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature - amount of fat in the subcutaneous layer varies with region of body and sex, age, and nutritional state