Chapter 1: Potter And Perry: Fundamentals Of Nursing Exam Questions and Answers (Latest Up, Exams of Nursing

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Nursing Definition From The American Nurses Association (ANA) - CORRECT ANSWERS The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. Nursing Definition From The International Council Of Nurses (ICN) - CORRECT ANSWERS Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Novice - CORRECT ANSWERS Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience. The learner learns via a specific set of rules or procedures, which are usually stepwise and linear. Advanced Beginner - CORRECT ANSWERS A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. This experience may be only observational in nature, but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspects or principles of nursing care. Competent - CORRECT ANSWERS A nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. This nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients (Example: Surgical, Oncology, or Orthopedic Patients). He or she is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long range goals. In this phase, the nurse has usually had experience with all types of psychomotor skills required by this specific group of patients. Proficient - CORRECT ANSWERS A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position. This nurse perceives a patients clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer

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knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation. This nurse focuses on managing care as opposed to managing and performing skills. Expert - CORRECT ANSWERS A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple dimensions of the situation. He or she is skilled at identifying both patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care system or perhaps the needs of the novice nurse. American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards Of Nursing Practice - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Assessment: The registered nurse collects pertinent data and information relative to the healthcare consumers health or the situation.

2. Diagnosis: The registered nurse analyzes the assessment data to determine the actual or potential diagnosis, problems, and issues.
3. Outcomes Identification: The registered nurses identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the health care consumer or the situation.
4. Planning: The registered nurses develops a plan the prescribed strategies to attain expected, measurable outcomes.
5. Implementation: The registered nurse implements the identified plan. 5a. Coordination Of Care: The registered nurse coordinates care delivery. 5b. Health Teaching And Health Promotion: The registered nurse employs strategies to promote health and a safe environment.
6. Evaluation: The registered nurse evaluates progress toward attainment of outcomes. Advocacy - CORRECT ANSWERS Promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles. American Nurses Association (ANA) Standards Of Professional Performance - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Ethics: The registered nurse practices ethically.

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2. Culturally Congruent Care: The registered nurse practices in a manner that is congruent with cultural diversity and inclusion principles.
3. Communication: The registered nurse communicates effectively in all areas of practice.
4. Collaboration: The registered nurse collaborates with health care consumer and other key stakeholders in the conduct of nursing practice.
5. Leadership: The registered nurse demonstrates leadership in the professional practice setting and the profession.
6. Education: The registered nurse seeks knowledge and competency that reflects current nursing practice and promotes futuristic thinking.
7. Evidence-Based Practice And Research: The registered nurse integrates evidence and research findings into practice.
8. Quality Of Practice: The registered nurse contributes to quality nursing practice.
9. Professional Practice Education: The registered nurse evaluates ones own and others nursing practice.
10. Resources Utilization: The registered nurse uses appropriate resources to plan and provide and sustain evidence based nursing services that are safe, effective, and fiscally responsible.
11. Environmental Health: The registered nurse practices in an environmentally safe and healthy manner. Code Of Ethics - CORRECT ANSWERS A statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles you will use to provide care to your patients. Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWERS An essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independence nursing interventions without medical orders. Accountability - CORRECT ANSWERS You are responsible professional and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided.

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Caregiver - CORRECT ANSWERS Help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process. Patient Advocate - CORRECT ANSWERS You protect your patient's human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. Ensure patients autonomy and self determination are respected. Educator - CORRECT ANSWERS You explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self- care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress in learning. Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) - CORRECT ANSWERS The most independently functioning nurse. Has a Masters Degree in nursing or Doctor Of Nursing Practice (DNP). Can be a Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS), Nurse Practitioner (NP), Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM), or a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA. Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) - CORRECT ANSWERS An APRN who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice. Provides diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of patients in all health care settings. Nurse Practitioner (NP) - CORRECT ANSWERS An APRN who provides comprehensive health care to a group of patients in an inpatient, outpatient, ambulatory care, or community based setting. Assessment, diagnosis, planning and treatment, monitoring health status, evaluation of therapies, and health education. Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA) - CORRECT ANSWERS An APRN with advanced education from a nurse anesthesia accredited program.

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Communicator - CORRECT ANSWERS Essential for all nursing roles and activities. Manager - CORRECT ANSWERS Has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit. Certified Nurse-Midwife (CNM) - CORRECT ANSWERS Independent care for women in normal pregnancy, labor and delivery, and care of newborns. How did Florence Nightingale see the role of the nurse in the early 1800s? - CORRECT ANSWERS Having "charge of somebodies health" based on the knowledge of "how to put the body in such a state to be free of disease or to recover from disease." Nurse Educator - CORRECT ANSWERS Works primarily in schools of nursing, staff development of health care, and patient education departments. Nurse Administrator - CORRECT ANSWERS Manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency. Nurse Researcher - CORRECT ANSWERS Conducts evidence-based practice and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. Work in academic setting, hospital, or independent professional or community service agency. Requires a Doctoral Degree with at least a Masters Degree In Nursing. Clara Barton - CORRECT ANSWERS Founder of the American Red Cross. Lillian Wald And Mary Brewster - CORRECT ANSWERS Opened the Henry Street Settlement, focusing on the health needs of the poor.

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Mary Adelaide Nutting - CORRECT ANSWERS Instrumental in moving nursing education into universities. Mary Mahoney - CORRECT ANSWERS First professionally trained African American nurse. Patient Centered Care - CORRECT ANSWERS Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs. Example: Involve family and friends in care and provide care with respect. Teamwork and Collaboration - CORRECT ANSWERS Function effectively within nursing and inter-professional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-making to achieve quality patient care. Example: Discuss effective strategies for communicating and resolving conflict. Evidence-Based Practice - CORRECT ANSWERS Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient and/or family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care. Example: Demonstrate knowledge of basic scientific methods. External Forces That Have Affected Nursing Practice In The 21st Century - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Nurses Self Care.

2. Health Care Reform And Costs.
3. Demographic Changes.
4. Human Rights.
5. Increased Number Of Medically Undeserved.

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Compassion Fatigue - CORRECT ANSWERS Burnout and traumatic stress, which impacts the health and wellness of nurses and the quality of care to patients. Quality Improvement - CORRECT ANSWERS Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems. Examples: Use tools such as flow charts and diagrams to make process of care explicit. Safety - CORRECT ANSWERS Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. Example: Value own role in preventing errors. Informatics - CORRECT ANSWERS Use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making. Example: Protect confidentiality of protected health information in electronic health records. Genetics - CORRECT ANSWERS Study of inheritance, or the way traits are passed down from one generation to another. Genomics - CORRECT ANSWERS Newer terms that describes the study of all the genes in a person and interactions of these genes with one another and with that persons environment. Registered Nurse (RN) - CORRECT ANSWERS Through completion of either and Associate or Baccalurete program.

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Continuing Education - CORRECT ANSWERS Involves educational programs offered by universities, hospitals, state nurses associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health care institutions. In Service Education - CORRECT ANSWERS Programs are instruction or training provided by a health care agency or institution. Associated Degree - CORRECT ANSWERS Focuses on the basic sciences and theoretical and clinical courses related to the practice of nursing. Baccalaureate Degree - CORRECT ANSWERS A 4-year program that focuses on basic sciences, theoretical and clinical courses and courses in social sciences, arts, and humanities. Masters Degree - CORRECT ANSWERS Emphasizes advanced knowledge in basic sciences and research based clinical practice. Doctor Of Philosophy - CORRECT ANSWERS Rigorous research and theory development. Doctor Of Nursing Practice - CORRECT ANSWERS A practice focused doctorate. Professional Organization - CORRECT ANSWERS Deals with issues of concern to those practicing in the profession. Nurse Practice Act - CORRECT ANSWERS To regulate the scope of nursing practice and to protect public health, safety, and welfare.

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Certification - CORRECT ANSWERS The nurse may choose to be certified in a certain area of practice by meeting the requirements. Secondary Traumatic Stress - CORRECT ANSWERS Occurs without warning. The trauma that health care providers experience when witnessing and caring for others suffering trauma. Burnout - CORRECT ANSWERS A condition that occurs when perceived demands outweigh perceived resources. Nursing is defined as a profession because nurses: A. Perform Specific Skills. B. Practice Autonomy. C. Utilize Knowledge From The Identical Discipline. D. Charge A Fee For Services Rendered. - CORRECT ANSWERS B. Practice Autonomy. If Ming decides to choose a career as a critical care CNS, then his specialty is identified by which means? A. Population. B. Setting. C. Disease Specialty. D. Type Of Care. E. Type Of Problem. - CORRECT ANSWERS B. Setting. Professional nursing speciality organizations seek to: A. Improve Standards Of Practice. B. Expand Nursing Roles.

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C. Improve The Welfare Of Nurses In Speciality Areas. D. All Of The Above. - CORRECT ANSWERS D. All Of The Above.