Concepts and Theories in Organizational Behavior, Quizzes of Introduction to Business Management

Download Concepts and Theories in Organizational Behavior and more Quizzes Introduction to Business Management in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Personality DEFINITION 1 The stable psychological traits and behavioral attributes that give a person his or her identity TERM 2 Proactive personality DEFINITION 2 Someone who is more apt to take initiative and preserve to influence the environment TERM 3 Big 5 personality dimensions DEFINITION 3 Extroversion- Outgoing, talkative, sociable. agreeableness- trusting, good- natured, cooperative emotional stability - relaxed, secure, unworried conscientiousness - dependable, responsible, achievement- oriented openness to experience - intellectual, imaginative, curious TERM 4 core self- evaluation DEFINITION 4 represents a broad personality trait comprising four positive individual traits. Self- efficacy self-esteem locus of control emotional stability TERM 5 Self- efficacy DEFINITION 5 belief in one's ability to do a task TERM 6 Learned helplessness DEFINITION 6 the debilitating lack of faith in one's ability to control one's environment associated with low self- efficacy need positive feedback a lot of pointers small success need to be recognized and rewarded TERM 7 What can managers do? DEFINITION 7 Give constructive pointers and positive feedback create goals that are progressively more challenging offer guided experiences, mentoring, and role modeling TERM 8 Self- esteem DEFINITION 8 I like or dislike myself high self esteem; more apt to handle failure better, emphasize the positive and to take more risks low self- esteem: tend to focus more on one's weaknesses, may be more dependent on others, TERM 9 Locus on control DEFINITION 9 Indicates how much people believe they control their fate through their own efforts internal locus of control: you believe you control your destiny external locus of control: you believe external forces control you. they feel the situation has more impact then their success. " didn't do well because my professor sucks" What can managers do? Employees with internal locus of control should probably be placed in jobs requiring high initiative and lower compliance employees with external locus of control might do better in highly structured jobs requiring greater compliance internals may prefer and respond more productively to incentives such as merit pay or sales commissions. TERM 10 emotional stability DEFINITION 10 The extend to which people feel secure and unworried and to which they are likely to experience negative emotions under pressure low levels are prone to anxiety and tend to view the world negatively high levels tend to show better job performance TERM 21 race stereotypes DEFINITION 21 studies demonstrated that people of color experienced more perceived discrimination and less psychological support than whites. TERM 22 Halo effect DEFINITION 22 forming an impression of an individual based on a single trait "one trait tells me all I need to know" TERM 23 the recency effect DEFINITION 23 tendency to remember recent information better than earlier information ex: employee has recently made a mistake, and it ends up being the only topic of a performance reviewstudents' course evaluations of professors may be affected by course activity closer to the time of formal appraisalsome stock market investors leap into holdings that are doing well and cash out investments that are doing poorly, ignoring trends.teacher conference coming up, being on your best behavior at home and in class that week, TERM 24 casual attributions DEFINITION 24 inferring causes for observed behavior TERM 25 fundamental attribution bias (looking at other people behavior) DEFINITION 25 people attribute another person's behavior to his or her personal characteristics rather than to situational factors TERM 26 self- serving bias (your own behavior) DEFINITION 26 people tend to take more personal responsibility for success than for failure when things don't workout we say its the jobs fault.we take credit when things are going wellwhen going bad, we fall back on the situationex: Ryan and brendan are in a car, Ryan is driving and cuts Brendan off. Brendan is going to say ryan is a horrible driver. if it was brendans fault he is more likely going to say I was in a rush I didn't have enough time. blame it on the situation TERM 27 Self- fulfilling prophecy DEFINITION 27 Is a phenomenon by which people's expectations of themselves or others lead them to behave in ways that make those expectations come true managerial expectations powerfully influence employee behavior and performance. ex: as managers if we feel like an employee shouldn't have got the job, we may do things to make sure that they don't perform well. TERM 28 employee engagement DEFINITION 28 an indiviualds involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work engaged employees' feelings or urgency, intensity, and enthusiasm, as well as focus, amking them more committed employees more likely to become engaged when a culture promotes employee development, recognition and trudt TERM 29 Organization commitment DEFINITION 29 reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals, TERM 30 evaluating the performance of employees should include DEFINITION 30 performance and productivity absenteeism nd turnover organizational citizenship behaviors counterproductive work behaviors (herman spends his lunch hour dirnking beer in his car in the parking lot,