Chapter 13; Personality | PSY 101 - Introductory Psychology, Quizzes of Psychology

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Id

A reservoir of unconscious psychic energy that strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drivesFunctions on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification if it feels good, do it TERM 2

Superego

DEFINITION 2 Represents internalized ideals and provides standards for judgment and for future aspirationsIs your conscience Considers only how one ought to act and does not take into account the details of real life Follows all the rules, all the time TERM 3

Ego

DEFINITION 3 The executive part of personality that mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality Operates on the reality principle, satisfying the ids desires in ways that realistically bring pleasure and pain without violating the internal principles of the superego TERM 4

Psychoanalysis

DEFINITION 4 Attributed thought and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts, and defined treatment as the process of exposing and interpreting unconscious tensions TERM 5

Personality Development

DEFINITION 5 In Freuds theory, personality development takes place through a variety of psychosexual stages, each stage focusing on a different pleasure-sensitive areas of the body, called erogenous zones

Gender Development

Develops because of our unconscious sexual desires for our opposite-gender parent and fear of our same-gender parent, this is called an oedipus complex in males and an electra complex in women TERM 7

Identification

DEFINITION 7 The process by which we come to identify and incorporate the same-sex parents values TERM 8

Defense Mechanisms

DEFINITION 8 To reduce or redirect anxiety, people develop these that allow them to distort reality in particular, anxiety-reducing ways TERM 9

Repression

DEFINITION 9 Pushing anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness(e.g. forgetting a traumatic experience) TERM 10

Regression

DEFINITION 10 Retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage(e.g. homesickness or being clingy)

Reaction Formation

Switching unacceptable impulses to their opposites(e.g. love- hate relationships) TERM 12

Projection

DEFINITION 12 Disgusting threatening internal impulses by attributing them to others(e.g. "a thief thinks everyone else is a thief) TERM 13

Rationalism

DEFINITION 13 Offering self-justifying explanations in place of real, more threatening, unconscious reasons(e.g. drinking to be social) TERM 14

Displacement

DEFINITION 14 Shifting sexual or aggressive impulses to more acceptable objects or people(e.g. kicking the family dog) TERM 15

Humanistic Psychology

DEFINITION 15 Emphasizes human potential and seeing the world through the client's eyes

Self-actualization

From Maslow (the hierarchy of needs) the idea emerged that the ultimate need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met is the motivation to fulfill one's potential to the fullest TERM 17

Genuineness

DEFINITION 17 Being open and transparent with one's feelings TERM 18

Empathy

DEFINITION 18 Sharing and mirroring feelings TERM 19

Acceptance

DEFINITION 19 Accept the patient with grace and without fear, called unconditional positive regard TERM 20

Self-concept

DEFINITION 20 The central feature of personality

Trait

A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act TERM 22

Social-cognitive Perspective

DEFINITION 22 Views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons and their social context TERM 23

Reciprocal

Determination

DEFINITION 23 The interacting influences between personality and environmental factors