Download Chapter 13 Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves | BMSP 2135 - Human Anatomy & Physiology and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Dura Mater
Covers spinal cordTapers to coccygeal ligamentEpidural spaces separates dura mater from walls of vertebral canal TERM 2
Arachnoid
DEFINITION 2 Inferior to dura mater. Subdural space. Subarachnoid space contains CSF TERM 3
Pia Mater
DEFINITION 3 Meshwork of elastin and collagen fibersInnermost meningeal layer TERM 4
Meningitis
DEFINITION 4 Inflammation of meningeal membranes results in swelling of brain tissue and sometimes spinal tissue. Swelling inhibits flow of blood and oxygen to brain tissue. Infectious of noninfectious TERM 5
Paradoxical Irritability
DEFINITION 5 When picked up and rocked makes children more distressed
White Matter
Is myelinated and unmyelinated axons TERM 7
Gray Matter
DEFINITION 7 Is cell bodies, unmyelinated axons and neuroglia. Projections of gray matter toward outer surface of cord are horns TERM 8
Dermatomes
DEFINITION 8 Specific region of skin surface monitored by a single pair of spinal nerves. Clinical importance. Damage of a spinal nerve of dorsal root ganglion will produce a loss of sensation in skin TERM 9
Four Large Plexuses
DEFINITION 9 Cervical plexusBrachial plexusLumbar plexusSacral plexus TERM 10
Reflex Arc
DEFINITION 10 Five steps:Arrival of stimulus and activation of receptorActivation of sensory neuronInformation processingActivation of motor neuronResponse by effector
Visceral Reflexes (Autonomic Reflexes)
Controls activities of other systems TERM 17
Monosynaptic Reflex
DEFINITION 17 Sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron TERM 18
Polysynaptic Reflex
DEFINITION 18 At least one interneuron between sensory afferent and motor efferent. Longer delay between stimulus and responses. Produce more complicated responses. Tendon reflex, withdrawal reflexes, flexor reflex, crossed extensor reflex TERM 19
Spinal Reflexes
DEFINITION 19 Range from simple monosynaptic to complex postsynaptic and intersegmental. Many segments interact to form complex responses TERM 20
Stretch Reflex
DEFINITION 20 Automatically monitors skeletal muscle length and tone. Patellar (knee jerk) reflex: Sensory receptors are muscle spindles. Postural reflex maintains upright position
Reinforcement
Facilitation that enhances spinal reflexes. Spinal reflexes can also be inhibited. Babinski reflex replaced by planter reflex TERM 22
Areflexia
DEFINITION 22 Absence of reflexes TERM 23
Brown-Sequard Syndrome
DEFINITION 23 Loss of sensation and motor function that results from unilateral spinal cord lesions. Proprioception looss and weakness occur ipsilateral to the lesion while pain and temperature loss occur contralateral TERM 24
Equinovarus
DEFINITION 24 The foot is planter flexed, inverted, and adducted; also called talipes quinovalgus TERM 25
Erb's Palsy (Erb-Ductenne
palsy)
DEFINITION 25 Obsteric condition characterized by paralysis or weakness of a newborn's upper arm muscles caused by a stretch injury to the brachial plexus
Paraplegia
Paralysis involving a loss of motor control of the lower, but not the upper, limbs TERM 32
Quadriplegia
DEFINITION 32 Paralysis involving the loss of sensation and motor control of the upper and lower limbs
