Lymphatic System and Immune System, Exams of Biology

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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Immunity MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following structures is not part of the lymphatic system? a . thyroid b . thymus c . spleen d . all of the above structures are part of the lymphatic system ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
2. Which of the following is not a common characteristic shared by blood and lymph capillaries? a . They are microscopic. b . They have a layer of endothelium. c . They have tight-fitting cells in the endothelial layer. d . All of the above characteristics are shared by blood and lymph capillaries. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
3. Which of the following is not a common characteristic shared by blood and lymph vessels? a . Some contain one-way valves. b . They contain continually circulating fluid. c . They have a layer of simple squamous epithelium. d . All of the above are characteristics shared by blood and lymph vessels.

ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels

4. Lymph is formed by: a . the kidney releasing fluid into the tissue space b . plasma leaving the capillary c . pressure on the blood caused by the pumping action of the heart d . both B and C above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
5. The thoracic duct: a . drains the right upper part of the body b . drains about one fourth of the body’s lymph c . is the largest lymph vessel in the body d . all of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
6. The cisterna chyli: a . is part of the right lymphatic duct b . is part of the thoracic duct c . is a special name given to lymph capillaries in the walls of the small intestine d . are the lymph vessels inside the spleen ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels

7. The name of the lymphatic vessels in the walls of the small intestine is: a . lacteals b . cisterna chili c . villi d . none of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
8. Lymph nodes: a . have one afferent vessel b . have several efferent vessels c . contain phagocytic cells d . all of the above ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304|Page: 305 TOP: Lymph nodes
9. Lymph can: a . carry cancer cells that can be trapped in lymph nodes b . be a possible route for the spread of cancer c . carry bacteria to lymph nodes d . all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 305|Page: 306 TOP: Lymph nodes

10. The thymus: a . helps T lymphocytes mature b . continues to grow throughout life, peaking in size in late middle age c . is the largest of the lymphatic structures d . all of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Thymus
11. Which tonsils are located on either side of the throat? a . pharyngeal tonsils b . palatine tonsils c . adenoids d . both A and C above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils
12. Which tonsils are located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity? a . pharyngeal tonsils b . palatine tonsils c . adenoids d . both A and C above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils
13. The spleen: a . is in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, lateral to the liver

b . helps filter out bacteria c . salvages the calcium from old or damaged red blood cells d . all of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Spleen

14. Heat, one sign of inflammation, is caused by: a . increased blood flow to the inflamed area b . increased vessel permeability c . increased white blood cell concentration d . all of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
15. Swelling, one sign of inflammation, is caused by: a . increased blood flow to the inflamed area b . increased vessel permeability c . increased white blood cell concentration d . all of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
16. The inflammation response is part of: a . humoral immunity b . cell-mediated immunity c specific immunity

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d . nonspecific immunity ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity

17. Receiving a flu shot to help protect you from getting the flu would be an example of: a . natural active immunity b . natural passive immunity c . artificial active immunity d . artificial passive immunity ANS: C DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
18. The immunity that is passed from mother to fetus is an example of: a . natural active immunity b . natural passive immunity c . artificial active immunity d . artificial passive immunity ANS: B DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
19. If you have had the measles, you cannot get them again. This is an example of: a . natural active immunity b . natural passive immunity c . artificial active immunity

d . artificial passive immunity ANS: A DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity

20. A person exposed to hepatitis is given a shot of gamma globulin (an antibody against hepatitis) to keep him from coming down with the disease. This is an example of: a . natural active immunity b . natural passive immunity c . artificial active immunity d . artificial passive immunity ANS: D DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
21. An antigen can be a: a . toxin b . protein on a cancer cell membrane c . protein on a bacterial cell membrane d . all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Antibodies
22. Antigens: a . are produced by T lymphocytes b . are produced by B lymphocytes c . can combine with antibodies d both B and C above

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ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 315 TOP: Antibodies

23. When an antigen and a complement protein combine: a . the complement inactivates the antigen b . it helps kill cells on whose surface complement-binding takes place c . the complement cascade is initiated d . both B and C above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Antibodies
24. Complement: a . consists of a group of protein molecules b . is activated by antibodies c . is usually found in an inactive form in the blood d . all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Complement proteins
25. Complement helps kill harmful cells by: a . “drilling” a hole in the cell membrane b . causing sodium to rapidly leak out of the cell c . causing water to rapidly leak out of the cell d . all of the above ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311

TOP: Complement proteins

26. Which of the following cells is not a phagocyte? a . neutrophils b . lymphocytes c . macrophages d . all of the above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 312|Page: 314 TOP: Immune system cells—Phagocytes
27. B cells: a . spend time developing in the thymus b . have specific antibodies in their cell membranes c . are responsible for cell-mediated immunity d . both A and C above ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
28. Antigens cause immature B cells to: a . become T cells b . become macrophages c . become plasma cells d . activate complement ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes

29. Long-term immunity occurs when: a . T cells form plasma cells b . neutrophils form plasma cells c . macrophages form plasma cells d . B cells form memory cells ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 315 TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
30. T cells: a . spend time developing in the thymus b . are responsible for cell-mediated immunity c . respond to antigens by releasing antibodies d . both A and B above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 315|Page: 316 TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
31. T cells: a . are important in long-term immunity because they form memory cells b . can release as many as 2000 antibodies a second c . can release poisons that can directly kill cells d . form plasma cells when activated ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 316 TOP: Immune system cells—Lymphocytes
32. These cells develop into macrophages once in the tissue. a monocytes

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b . dendritic cells c . neutrophil d . memory cell ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 312 TOP: Immune system cells—Phagocytes

33. The main function of lacteals is: a . to return protein to the blood b . to transport fats to the bloodstream c . to move lymph to the right lymphatic duct d . all of the above are functions of the lacteals ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
34. An important function of lymph nodes is: a . defense b . formation of platelets c . formation of white blood cells d . both A and C above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304|Page: 305 TOP: Lymph nodes
35. Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland? a . Most of the thymus gland is found in the neck. b It produces hormones called thymosins.

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c . It is the source and maturation site for T cells. d . It goes through the process of involution in later life. ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 306|Page: 307 TOP: Thymus

36. Which of the following is not a function of the spleen? a . It salvages iron from hemoglobin. b . It acts as a reservoir for blood. c . It is a site for the maturation of B cells. d . It destroys worn out red blood cells. ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Spleen
37. Which of the following is not part of the body’s nonspecific immunity? a . antibodies b . the skin c . tears d . phagocytosis ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
38. Compliment-binding sites are located on: a . antigens b . antibodies c B cells

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d . T cells ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Antibodies

39. Lymphocytes can be found in: a . lymph nodes b . the thymus c . the liver d . all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Lymphocytes
40. What type of fluid is called lymph when it enters a lymph vessel? a . serum b . interstitial fluid c . serous fluid d . blood plasma ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 301|Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
41. Which of the following are called adenoids when they become swollen? a . palatine tonsils b . lingual tonsils c . pharyngeal tonsils d lymph nodes of the neck

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ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils

42. Antibodies are important in what type of immune response? a . humoral immunity b . cell-mediated immunity c . Innate immunity d . the inflammation response ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Antibodies
43. Which of the following is not a role of complement in the immune system? a . increasing the permeability of blood vessels b . attracting immune cells to the site of infection c . marking foreign cells for destruction d . all of the above are roles of complement in the immune system ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Complement proteins
44. Lymph flowing through the lymphatic capillaries moves into larger vessels called: a . lymphatic venules b . lymphatic arterioles c . lymphatic arteries d . both b and c

ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels

45. Lymph nodes can be a . single cells b . the size of a pinhead c . the size of a lima bean d . both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304 TOP: Lymph nodes
46. Lymph nodes: a . always have more efferent vessels than afferent vessels b . always have more afferent vessels than efferent vessels c . usually have the same number of afferent and efferent vessels d . have various ratios of afferent and efferent vessels depending on their location ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304|Page: 305 TOP: Lymph nodes
47. When T cells leave the thymus they can go to: a . the spleen b . the tonsils c . lymph nodes d . all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Thymus

48. Tonsils at the base of the tongue are called: a . palatine tonsils b . adenoids c . lingual tonsils d . pharyngeal tonsils ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils
49. The largest lymphoid organ in the body is the: a . spleen b . palatine tonsils c . thymus d . cisterna chyli ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Spleen
50. The spleen has a very rich blood supply and may contain: a . 5 liters of blood b . 1 liter of blood c . 500 mL of blood d . 100 mL of blood ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Spleen
51. The function of the immune system is to protect the body from: a disease-causing bacteria

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b . transplanted foreign tissue c . body cells that have become malignant or cancerous d . all of the above ANS: D DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Function of the immune system

52. Nonspecific immunity is often called a . the inflammatory response b . in-bone immunity c . innate immunity d . T-cell–mediated immunity ANS: C DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
53. This is not true of specific immunity: a . reacts faster than nonspecific immunity b . has a memory ability c . produces a stronger response than nonspecific immunity d . all of the above are true of specific immunity ANS: A DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 309 TOP: Specific Immunity
54. This cell is not considered an antigen-presenting cell: a . dendritic cells b . neutrophils

c . macrophages d . all of the above are antigen-presenting cells ANS: B DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 312|Page: 314 TOP: Phagocytes TRUE/FALSE

1. Much of the interstitial fluid that is pushed out of the blood vessels returns to the blood vessels. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
2. Both the lymph capillaries and blood capillaries have a layer of endothelium. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
3. Both the lymph capillaries and blood capillaries have a layer of tightly fitting squamous epithelium. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
4. Unlike blood vessels, lymph vessels have one-way valves to ensure the lymph moves in only one direction. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
5. Lymph from about one fourth of the body drains into the thoracic duct. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
6. Lymph from about one fourth of the body drains into the right lymphatic duct. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302

TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels

7. The cisterna chyli is part of the right lymphatic duct that serves as a storage area for lymph. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
8. While the lymphatic system is part of the immune system, because lymph does not circulate, it is not part of the circulatory system. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
9. Lymph nodes are capable of filtering bacteria from the lymph. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304 TOP: Lymph nodes
10. Lymph nodes typically have a single afferent vessel. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304 TOP: Lymph nodes
11. Afferent vessels carry lymph toward the lymph node. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304 TOP: Lymph nodes
12. Lymph typically has several efferent vessels. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 305 TOP: Lymph nodes
13. Efferent vessels carry lymph away from the lymph node. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 305 TOP: Lymph nodes
14. Lymph nodes can trap cancer cells that have been carried away from the primary cancer site. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 305|Page:

TOP: Lymph nodes

15. The lymphatic system may be the route that some cancers use to spread to other parts of the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 305|Page: 306 TOP: Lymph nodes
16. T lymphocytes mature in the thymus. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Thymus
17. The thymus reaches its largest functional size in mid-adulthood. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Thymus
18. The tonsils located near the base of the tongue are called the palatine tonsils. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils
19. The tonsils located on either side of the throat are called the lingual tonsils. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils
20. The pharyngeal tonsils are also known as the adenoids. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 307 TOP: Tonsils
21. Tears contribute to nonspecific immunity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
22. The heat and redness of the inflammatory response are caused by an increase in vascular permeability.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity

23. The swelling and pain of the inflammatory response are caused by an increase in vascular permeability. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
24. Nonspecific immunity usually is slower to respond than is specific immunity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 309 TOP: Nonspecific immunity
25. The immunity a nursing infant receives from her mother’s milk is an example of natural active immunity. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
26. If you have had the mumps once, you cannot get them again. This is an example of natural active immunity. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
27. Receiving the polio vaccine to prevent you from getting polio is an example of artificial passive immunity. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
28. Someone with a severely compromised immune system would probably get very little benefit from receiving a flu shot to keep him from getting the flu. ANS: T DIF: Synthesis REF: Page: 309 TOP: Specific Immunity
29. If someone with a severely compromised immune system was exposed to hepatitis, it would do him very little good to receive gamma globulin (antibodies to hepatitis). ANS: F DIF: Synthesis REF: Page: 309|Page: 310

TOP: Specific Immunity

30. Artificial active immunity can be effective even after a person has been exposed to the infectious organism. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
31. Artificial passive immunity can be effective even after a person has been exposed to the infectious organism. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
32. The surface protein on a cancer cell or a microorganism can be an antigen. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Immune system molecules
33. An antibody and an antigen fit together like a key in a lock. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Immune system molecules
34. Antigens have the ability to neutralize specific toxins in the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Immune system molecules
35. When an antigen and an antibody unite, macrophages can destroy the antigen more efficiently. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Immune system molecules
36. The combination of an antigen and antibody can activate complement. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Immune system molecules
37. Complement is a group of proteins that are usually found in an inactive form in the blood.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Complement proteins

38. Complement kills cells by drilling holes in the cell membrane, which allows sodium to rapidly leave the cell. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Complement proteins
39. Complement kills cells by drilling holes in the cell membrane, which allows water to rapidly leave the cell. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 311 TOP: Complement proteins
40. Neutrophils are important phagocytes in the immune system. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 312 TOP: Phagocytes
41. When neutrophils migrate into the tissues, they are called macrophages. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 312 TOP: Phagocytes
42. A dendritic cell is a highly branched phagocytic cell that migrates to tissues that are exposed to the external environment. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 312 TOP: Phagocytes
43. Both T cells and B cells are lymphocytes. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Lymphocytes
44. B cells were named after an organ in birds called a bursa. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Lymphocytes
45. B cells reach maturity in the thymus.

ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Lymphocytes

46. When B cells come in contact with a specific antigen, they develop into plasma cells. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 314 TOP: Lymphocytes
47. Plasma cells are responsible for long-term immunity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 315 TOP: Lymphocytes
48. T cells are responsible for Long-term immunity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 316 TOP: Lymphocytes
49. T cells are responsible for humoral immunity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 316 TOP: Lymphocytes
50. T cells can kill invading cells directly by poisoning them and by releasing a substance that attracts macrophages. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 316 TOP: Lymphocytes
51. Lymph is interstitial fluid that has entered a lymph vessel. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
52. The original source of lymph is blood plasma. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 301|Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
53. An important role of the lymphatic system is fluid homeostasis.

ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels

54. The tunica media of lymph capillaries contains smooth muscle to help move lymph. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 302 TOP: Lymph and lymphatic vessels
55. Lymph nodes are found between the lymphatic capillaries and the right lymphatic duct or the thoracic duct. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page: 304 TOP: Lymph nodes
56. In the lymph node, biological filtration is accomplished by phagocytosis. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 304 TOP: Lymph nodes
57. The immune system is different from most systems because it is made up of cells and molecules rather than large organs. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Function of the immune system
58. Inborn or innate immunity is an example of the body’s specific immunity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 308 TOP: Specific Immunity
59. The antibodies passed from the mother to the fetus before birth is an example of inherited immunity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: Page: 310 TOP: Specific Immunity
60. Antibodies that attach to molecules on the surface of cells cause the cells to clump together, or agglutinate. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: Page: 310 TOP: Antibodies
61. Both B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from stem cells in the bone