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Download Anatomy of Cartilage and Bones: Structure, Functions, and Growth and more Quizzes Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
cartilage( chondro)
have rapid growth when young, resilient, compression
TERM 2
functions of cartilage
DEFINITION 2
support with flexibility, provide gliding surfaces at joints- no
friction, pre form bones during development cartilage mold
and harden into bones
TERM 3
3 types of cartilage
DEFINITION 3
hyaline- clear glassy pigments, found on long bones, shape
of your nose, form c-rings on trachea so trachea tube doesn't
collapse. fibrocartilage- tightly packed with col
TERM 4
structure of cartilage chondrocytes
DEFINITION 4
cartilage cells, live in lacuna, a hollow site
TERM 5
lacunae
DEFINITION 5
a hollow cavity within the extracellular matrix where
condrocytes live.
extracellular matrix
80% water glycominoglycans- sugar protein like molecule
and jelly like soak up water and sugar and protein and is very
flexible
TERM 7
perichondrium
DEFINITION 7
dense irregular connective tissue outer covering that holds
everything. cartilage: no nerves or blood vessels
TERM 8
Bone
DEFINITION 8
206 bones in an average adult 270 bones in kids bones are
living organs need large source of vitamin D and stress 25%
of bones are taken away and rebuild
TERM 9
functions of bones and bone tissue
DEFINITION 9
support and protect- thoracic structure, vertebral, cranial
bone cavity levers for movement- bones and skeletals work
together blood cell formation- hematopoiesis, bones
TERM 10
structure of long bones diaphysis
DEFINITION 10
shaft region, long axes
epiphysis
end of the bone. the proximal or distal
TERM 12
metaphysis
DEFINITION 12
small area between diaphysis and epiphysis the growing
bone
TERM 13
epiphyseal line
DEFINITION 13
cartilage in a growing bone growth plate is gone by the age
of 24
TERM 14
articular cartilage
DEFINITION 14
covers epiphysis, smooth friction liked substance
TERM 15
medullary cavity
DEFINITION 15
central cavity, hollow filled with yellow bone marrow and fat
endosteum
membrane which lines the medullary cavity and the
trabeculae.
TERM 17
periosteum
DEFINITION 17
outside of bone except articulating cartilage
TERM 18
perforating fibers
DEFINITION 18
anchor periosteum to bone. Sharpey's fibers and are strong
collagen structures.
TERM 19
osteoprogenitor cells
DEFINITION 19
stem like cells, divide, one will become a osteoblast and the
rest will remain stem cells
TERM 20
osteoblasts
DEFINITION 20
build bones, collagen fibers in pattern and let out
hydroxyapatite crystal- hard portion of the bone
osteoclasts
breaks up and digest bone or reabsorb large cells,
multinucleated, ruffled, lysosomes break down protein
collagen hydrochloric acid digest inorganic
TERM 22
two types of bone connective tissue
DEFINITION 22
compact bone- solid dense part cancellous bone- hard as
compact and have pours
TERM 23
osteon
DEFINITION 23
cylinders that run parellel to the long axis of the bone basic
functional and structural unit
TERM 24
central canal
DEFINITION 24
core of the osteon, lined by endosteum membrane lining
blood vessels and nerves in hollow core
TERM 25
concentric lamallae
DEFINITION 25
concentric tubes that form osteons and fibers run in opposite
directions
osteocytes
mature bone cells live in black hole (lacunae)
TERM 27
lacunae
DEFINITION 27
small cavities where osteocytes are located
TERM 28
canaliculi
DEFINITION 28
connect neighboring lacunae together
TERM 29
perforating canal
DEFINITION 29
run at right angles to central canals
TERM 30
circumferential lamellae
DEFINITION 30
present at external and internal surfaces or compact bone
blood vessels and nerves run through haversians (central
canal) and volkmann's (perforating canal)
trabeculae
"little beams" that form a network, each contains lamellae
and osteocytes strong structure
TERM 32
short, irregular and flat bones
DEFINITION 32
no osteons, appears to be sandwiched no diaphysis,
epiphysis or marrow cavity
TERM 33
2 bone growth
DEFINITION 33
intramembranous ossification: within a membrane,
osteoblast found deep in dermis and start to work and build a
bone as a defense mechanism patella, clavical and lower jaw
TERM 34
types of bone fractures simple (closed)
DEFINITION 34
clean break and doesnt penetrate skin this is best because
they are aligned
TERM 35
compound (open)
DEFINITION 35
bone ends penetrate skin dangerous and can see bone
infection in bone and hard to treat
comminuted
bone fragments into many pieces shattered pieces need to
be cleaned out
TERM 37
compression
DEFINITION 37
bone is crushed, especially vertebrae
TERM 38
depressed
DEFINITION 38
broken bone portion is pressed inward (skull fractures)
TERM 39
spiral
DEFINITION 39
twisting forces cause ragged break, most common in sports
and hard to line up
TERM 40
greenstick
DEFINITION 40
incomplete break in children bones are flexible and dont
crack all the way though
bone repair
takes up to 6 weeks, form clots, callus and then heals bone
will be thicker and stronger
TERM 42
condyle
DEFINITION 42
smooth rounded articulating surface
TERM 43
facet
DEFINITION 43
small flat articulating surface
TERM 44
head
DEFINITION 44
expanded articulating epiphysis separated from the
dyaphysis by narrow neck
TERM 45
crest
DEFINITION 45
narrow prominant ridge
epicondyle
next to condyles, projection adjecent to condyle site to which
ligaments are attached to lateral sides
TERM 47
line
DEFINITION 47
low ridge
TERM 48
process
DEFINITION 48
any projection or bumps
TERM 49
ramus
DEFINITION 49
extension of bone that makes angle to rest of bone
TERM 50
spine
DEFINITION 50
pointed slender process
trochanter
large rough projection only on femur bone
TERM 52
tubercle
DEFINITION 52
small rounded projection found on humerous bone
TERM 53
tuberosity
DEFINITION 53
small rough projection/ area attachment site for muscle
TERM 54
canal/ meatus
DEFINITION 54
passageway through solid bone
TERM 55
fissure
DEFINITION 55
elongated cleft like opening narrow slit like opening
foramen
small rounded passageway only lets through blood and nerve
vessels
TERM 57
sinus
DEFINITION 57
a hollow like bone filled with air lighten weight and empty
chamber within a bone
TERM 58
alveolus
DEFINITION 58
peg like pole where teeth root sit
TERM 59
fossa
DEFINITION 59
small flattened depression in bone
TERM 60
sulcus/ groove
DEFINITION 60
narrow indentations running deep into a structure
