Pharmacology 11th Edition Test Bank Exam 1 Questions and Answers, Exams of Pharmacology

Download Pharmacology 11th Edition Test Bank Exam 1 Questions and Answers and more Exams Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers The nurse has been caring for a patient who has been taking antibiotics for 3 weeks. Upon assessing the patient, the nurse notices the individual has developed oral thrush. What describes the etiology of the thrush? a. Antibiotic resistance b. Community-acquired infection c. Nosocomial infection d. Superinfection - correct answer d. Superinfection The nurse is caring for a patient on a medical-surgical unit who has a fever of unknown origin. The prescriber has ordered a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Which intervention is the priority? a. Administering the antibiotic immediately b. Administering antipyretics as soon as possible c. Delaying administration of the antibiotic until the culture results are available d. Obtaining all cultures before the antibiotic is administered - correct answer d. Obtaining all cultures before the antibiotic is administered The nurse is teaching a nursing student about the mechanism by which antimicrobial agents achieve Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers selective toxicity. Which statement by the student indicates a need for further teaching? a. "Some agents disrupt the bacterial cell wall." b. "Some agents act to block the conversion of para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid." c. "Some agents cause phagocytosis of bacterial cells." d. "Some agents weaken the cell wall, causing cell wall lysis." - correct answer c. "Some agents cause phagocytosis of bacterial cells." A child has received amoxicillin [Amoxil] for three previous ear infections, but a current otitis media episode is not responding to treatment. The nurse caring for this child suspects that resistance to the bacterial agent has occurred by which microbial mechanism? a. Alteration of drug target molecules b. Antagonist production c. Drug inactivation d. Reduction of drug concentration at the site of action - correct answer c. Drug inactivation A nursing student asks a nurse to clarify the differences between the mechanisms of spontaneous mutation and Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers d. narrow; topical - correct answer d. narrow; topical A parent asks a nurse if the provider will prescribe an antibiotic for a child who attends school with several children who have strep throat. The child is complaining of a sore throat and has a fever. What will be the nurse's response? a. "Because strep throat is likely, your child should be treated empirically." b. "With good hand washing, your child should not get strep throat." c. "Your child probably has strep throat, so your provider will order an antibiotic." d. "Your child should come to the clinic to have a throat culture done today." - correct answer d. "Your child should come to the clinic to have a throat culture done today." An older adult patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develops bronchitis. The patient has a temperature of 39.5°C. The nurse will expect the provider to: a. obtain a sputum culture and wait for the results before prescribing an antibiotic. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers b. order empiric antibiotics while waiting for sputum culture results. c. treat symptomatically, because antibiotics are usually ineffective against bronchitis. d. treat the patient with more than one antibiotic without obtaining cultures. - correct answer b. order empiric antibiotics while waiting for sputum culture results. Which patients should be given antibiotics prophylactically? (Select all that apply.) a. Children who attend day care with other children who have strep throat b. Children undergoing chemotherapy who have mild neutropenia c. Patients with certain congenital heart defects at risk for bacterial endocarditis d. Patients with compound fractures undergoing surgical repair e. Postoperative patients who have undergone emergency cesarean sections - correct answer c. Patients with certain congenital heart defects at risk for bacterial endocarditis d. Patients with compound fractures undergoing surgical repair Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers Which are benefits of using a combination of two or more antibiotics? (Select all that apply.) a. Reduced cost b. Reduced risk of superinfection c. Reduced toxicity d. Reduced resistance e. Reduced risk in severe infection - correct answer c. Reduced toxicity d. Reduced resistance e. Reduced risk in severe infection The nurse is teaching a pharmacology refresher course to a group of nurses. A student asks what host factors affect the choice of agents in antimicrobial therapy. The nurse will tell the students that such host factors include what? (Select all that apply.) a. Age b. Gender c. Immune system status d. Infection site e. Weigh - correct answer a. Age c. Immune system status d. Infection site Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers a. "Amoxicillin is too narrow in spectrum." b. "The bacteria have developed a three-layer cell envelope." c. "The bacteria have developed penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have a low affinity for penicillins." d. "The bacteria have synthesized penicillinase." - correct answer d. "The bacteria have synthesized penicillinase." A child with an ear infection is not responding to treatment with amoxicillin [Amoxil]. The nurse will expect the provider to order: a. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin]. b. ampicillin. c. nafcillin. d. penicillin G [Benzylpenicillin]. - correct answer a. amoxicillin-clavulanic acid [Augmentin]. A patient is receiving intravenous potassium penicillin G, 2 million units to be administered over 1 hour. At 1900, the nurse notes that the dose hung at 1830 has infused completely. What will the nurse do? a. Assess the skin at the infusion site for signs of tissue necrosis. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers b. Observe the patient closely for confusion and other neurotoxic effects. c. Request an order for serum electrolytes and cardiac monitoring. d. Watch the patient's actions and report any bizarre behaviors. - correct answer c. Request an order for serum electrolytes and cardiac monitoring. A patient is about to receive penicillin G for an infection that is highly sensitive to this drug. While obtaining the patient's medication history, the nurse learns that the patient experienced a rash when given amoxicillin [Amoxil] as a child 20 years earlier. What will the nurse do? a. Ask the provider to order a cephalosporin. b. Reassure the patient that allergic responses diminish over time. c. Request an order for a skin test to assess the current risk. d. Suggest using a desensitization schedule to administer the drug. - correct answer c. Request an order for a skin test to assess the current risk. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers A patient with no known drug allergies is receiving amoxicillin [Amoxil] PO twice daily. Twenty minutes after being given a dose, the patient complains of shortness of breath. The patient's blood pressure is 100/58 mm Hg. What will the nurse do? a. Contact the provider and prepare to administer epinephrine. b. Notify the provider if the patient develops a rash. c. Request an order for a skin test to evaluate possible PCN allergy. d. Withhold the next dose until symptoms subside. - correct answer a. Contact the provider and prepare to administer epinephrine. A patient has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The prescriber has ordered dicloxacillin PO. What will the nurse do? a. Administer the medication as ordered. b. Contact the provider to suggest giving the drug IV. c. Question the need for a penicillinase-resistant penicillin. d. Suggest ordering vancomycin to treat this infection - correct answer c. Question the need for a penicillinase- resistant penicillin. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers correct answer c. Contact the provider to discuss changing the drug to benzathine penicillin G. Which organisms can be treated with penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)? (Select all that apply.) a. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus b. Neisseria meningitidis c. P. aeruginosa d. S. pyogenes e. T. pallidum - correct answer b. Neisseria meningitidis d. S. pyogenes e. T. pallidum A nursing student wants to know the differences between hospital-associated methicillinresistant S. aureus (HA- MRSA) and community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CAMRSA). Which statements about CA-MRSA are true? (Select all that apply.) a. 20% to 30% of the general population are colonized with CA-MRSA. b. Boils caused by CA-MRSA can be treated without antibiotics. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers c. CA-MRSA is less dangerous than HA-MRSA. d. CA-MRSA does not cause necrotizing fasciitis. e. CA-MRSA is transmitted by airborne droplets - correct answer a. 20% to 30% of the general population are colonized with CA-MRSA. b. Boils caused by CA-MRSA can be treated without antibiotics. c. CA-MRSA is less dangerous than HA-MRSA. A patient who is receiving a final dose of intravenous (IV) cephalosporin begins to complain of pain and irritation at the infusion site. The nurse observes signs of redness at the IV insertion site and along the vein. What is the nurse's priority action? a. Apply warm packs to the arm, and infuse the medication at a slower rate. b. Continue the infusion while elevating the arm. c. Select an alternate intravenous site and administer the infusion more slowly. d. Request central venous access. - correct answer c. Select an alternate intravenous site and administer the infusion more slowly. Which cephalosporin may be used to treat meningitis? Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers a. Cefaclor b. Cefazolin c. Cefoxitin d. Cefotaxime - correct answer d. Cefotaxime A woman complains of burning on urination and increased frequency. The patient has a history of frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is going out of town in 2 days. To treat the infection quickly, the nurse would expect the healthcare provider to order a. aztreonam [Azactam]. b. fosfomycin [Monurol]. c. trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [Bactrim]. d. vancomycin [Vancocin]. - correct answer b. fosfomycin [Monurol]. A nurse is teaching a nursing student what is meant by "generations" of cephalosporins. Which statement by the student indicates understanding of the teaching? a. "Cephalosporins are assigned to generations based on their relative costs to administer." b. "Cephalosporins have increased activity against gram- negative bacteria with each generation." Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers pressure is 92/57 mm Hg. The nurse understands that these findings are consistent with: a. allergic reaction. b. red man syndrome. c. rhabdomyolysis. d. Stevens-Johnson syndrome - correct answer b. red man syndrome. A patient is to undergo orthopedic surgery, and the prescriber will order a cephalosporin to be given preoperatively as prophylaxis against infection. The nurse expects the provider to order which cephalosporin? a. First-generation cephalosporin b. Second-generation cephalosporin c. Third-generation cephalosporin d. Fourth-generation cephalosporin - correct answer a. First-generation cephalosporin A patient receiving a cephalosporin develops a secondary intestinal infection caused by Clostridium difficile. What is an appropriate treatment for this patient? a. Adding an antibiotic, such as vancomycin [Vancocin], to the patient's regimen Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers b. Discontinuing the cephalosporin and beginning metronidazole [Flagyl] c. Discontinuing all antibiotics and providing fluid replacement d. Increasing the dose of the cephalosporin and providing isolation measures - correct answer b. Discontinuing the cephalosporin and beginning metronidazole [Flagyl] A patient has a skin infection and the culture reveals methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). What is an appropriate treatment for this patient? a. Cefaclor b. Cefazolin c. Cefotaxime d. Ceftaroline - correct answer d. Ceftaroline A patient who has cystic fibrosis has a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and the provider has ordered aztreonam [Cayston]. What will the nurse teach this patient about administration of this drug? a. Administer the drug intramuscularly twice daily. b. Give a daily dose every day for 28 days and then stop. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers c. Inhale the powdered drug as ordered3 times each day. d. Use the nebulizer to administer the drug 3 times daily - correct answer d. Use the nebulizer to administer the drug 3 times daily Besides the cost of administering a given drug, which are considerations when a provider selects a cephalosporin to treat an infection? (Select all that apply.) a. Adverse effects b. Antimicrobial spectrum c. Brand name d. Manufacturer e. Pharmacokinetics - correct answer a. Adverse effects b. Antimicrobial spectrum e. Pharmacokinetics A nurse is providing education about tetracycline [Sumycin]. Which statement by the patient best demonstrates understanding of the administration of this medication? a. "I should not take this medication with milk or other dairy products." Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers To prevent yellow or brown discoloration of teeth in children, tetracyclines should not be given: a. to children once the permanent teeth have developed. b. to patients taking calcium supplements. c. to pregnant patients after the fourth month of gestation. d. with dairy products or antacids. - correct answer c. to pregnant patients after the fourth month of gestation. A patient is to begin taking doxycycline to treat a rickettsial infection. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for teaching about this drug? a. "I should consult my provider before using laxatives or antacids while taking this drug." b. "I should not take a calcium supplement or consume dairy products with this drug." c. "I should take this drug with food to ensure more complete absorption." d. "If I get diarrhea, I should stop taking the drug and let my provider know - correct answer c. "I should take this drug with food to ensure more complete absorption." Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers A patient who is taking doxycycline for a serious infection contacts the nurse to report anal itching. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss: a. adding an antihistamine to the patient's drug regimen. b. ordering liver function tests to test for hepatotoxicity. c. prescribing an antifungal drug to treat a superinfection. d. testing the patient for a C. difficile secondary infection - correct answer c. prescribing an antifungal drug to treat a superinfection. A hospitalized patient who is taking demeclocycline [Declomycin] reports increased urination, fatigue, and thirst. What will the nurse do? a. Contact the provider to report potential toxic side effects. b. Notify the provider to discuss changing the medication to doxycycline. c. Perform bedside glucometer testing to evaluate the serum glucose level. d. Provide extra fluids and reassure the patient that these are expected side effects - Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers correct answer d. Provide extra fluids and reassure the patient that these are expected side effects A 6-week-old infant who has not yet received immunizations develops a severe cough. While awaiting nasopharyngeal culture results, the nurse will expect to administer which antibiotic? a. Clindamycin [Cleocin] b. Doxycycline [Vibramycin] c. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate d. Penicillin G - correct answer c. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate A child with an upper respiratory infection caused by B. pertussis is receiving erythromycin ethylsuccinate. After 2 days of treatment, the parent asks the nurse why the child's symptoms have not improved. Which response by the nurse is correct? - correct answer a. "Erythromycin eliminates the bacteria that causes the infection, but not the toxin that causes the symptoms." b. "We may need to add penicillin or another antibiotic to increase the antimicrobial spectrum." Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers d. Vomiting - correct answer a. Diarrhea A patient develops CDAD. Which antibiotic is recommended for treating this infection? a. Chloramphenicol b. Clindamycin [Cleocin] c. Linezolid [Zyvox] d. Vancomycin - correct answer d. Vancomycin A patient who has been taking linezolid [Zyvox] for 6 months develops vision problems. What will the nurse do? a. Reassure the patient that this is a harmless side effect of this drug. b. Tell the patient that blindness is likely to occur with this drug. c. Tell the patient that this symptom is reversible when the drug is discontinued. d. Tell the patient to take tyramine supplements to minimize this effect. - correct answer c. Tell the patient that this symptom is reversible when the drug is discontinued. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers A nurse is teaching a nursing student about dalfopristin/quinupristin [Synercid]. Which statement by the student indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "Patients should stop taking the drug if they experience joint and muscle pain." b. "Patients taking this drug should have blood tests performed frequently." c. "Patients who are allergic to penicillin should not take this drug." d. "This drug will be administered intravenously over a 30- to 60-minute period." - correct answer b. "Patients taking this drug should have blood tests performed frequently." A child has been receiving chloramphenicol for a Neisseria meningitidis central nervous system (CNS) infection. The nurse administers the dose and subsequently notes that the child has vomited and appears dusky and gray in color. The child's abdomen is distended. What will the nurse do? a. Contact the provider for an order to obtain a chloramphenicol level. b. Notify the provider that the child's meningitis is worsening. c. Recognize this as initial signs of a C. difficile infection. Chapter 87-90 pharmacology 11th edition (TEST BANK)(EXAM 1) Questions And Answers d. Stop the infusion immediately and notify the provider. - correct answer d. Stop the infusion immediately and notify the provider. A patient with severe community-acquired pneumonia has been prescribed telithromycin [Ketek]. Which aspect of the patient's medical history is of concern to the nurse? a. Anemia b. Myasthenia gravis c. Renal disease d. Streptococcus pneumoniae infection - correct answer b. Myasthenia gravis Tetracyclines are considered first-line drugs for which disorders? (Select all that apply.) a. Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis b. Clostridium difficile diarrhea c. Lyme disease d. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococus aureus skin infections e. Typhus fever - correct answer a. Chlamydia trachomatis cervicitis c. Lyme disease