Biology Terminology and Concepts, Quizzes of Earth Sciences

Download Biology Terminology and Concepts and more Quizzes Earth Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

biology

scientific study of life

TERM 2

biologists study?

DEFINITION 2

life at levels ranging from the entire biosphere to the atoms

and molecules that makeup organelles and cells

TERM 3

atom

DEFINITION 3

smallest unit of MATTERcomposed of subatomic particles

TERM 4

molecule

DEFINITION 4

more than one atom bound together

TERM 5

organelle

DEFINITION 5

"little organ" a specialized cellular part

cell

smallest unit of life

TERM 7

tissue

DEFINITION 7

multiple cells working together to perform a function

TERM 8

organ

DEFINITION 8

multiple tissues working together to perform a function

TERM 9

organism

DEFINITION 9

a single living being

TERM 10

population

DEFINITION 10

multiple organisms of the same species living a given area

communities

several populations of different species living in the same

area

TERM 12

ecosystems

DEFINITION 12

all organisms and non-living matter in a given area

TERM 13

biosphere

DEFINITION 13

all ecosystems combined

TERM 14

the scientific method

DEFINITION 14

observationquestionhypothesispredictionexperiment

TERM 15

matter

DEFINITION 15

is anything that occupies space and has masscomposed of

chemical elements

elements

are substances that cannot be broken down into other

substancesconsists of one kind of atom

TERM 17

how many naturally occurring elements are

there on earth?

DEFINITION 17

TERM 18

how many elements are essential for

life?

DEFINITION 18

TERM 19

what 4 elements make up the human

body?

DEFINITION 19

carbonhydrogennitrogenoxygen

TERM 20

protons

DEFINITION 20

positively charged and has mass

electrons

negatively charged and has no mass

TERM 22

neutrons

DEFINITION 22

electrically neutral and has mass

TERM 23

periodic table cube numbers

DEFINITION 23

6 (atomic number)C (element symbol)12 (mass number)

TERM 24

electrons orbit atoms at specific distances

called

DEFINITION 24

electron shells

TERM 25

the first inner shell can hold up to..

DEFINITION 25

two electrons

all subsequent outer shells can hold up to..

eight electrons

TERM 27

covalent bond

DEFINITION 27

forms when two atoms share outer shell electrons

TERM 28

the number of covalent bonds an atom can

form is equal to..

DEFINITION 28

the number of electrons needed to fill its outer shell

TERM 29

chemical reactions

DEFINITION 29

do not create or destroy matter, they only rearrange it

TERM 30

water

DEFINITION 30

covers 75% of earths surfacemakes up between 70% and

95% of a cells volume

polar molecules

such as water are those in which electrons are not shared

equally between atoms

TERM 32

hydrogen bonds

DEFINITION 32

the polarity of water results in electrical attractions between

neighboring water molecules

TERM 33

organic molecules

DEFINITION 33

molecules which contain carbon

TERM 34

carbon has four electrons in an outer shell

that can hold.. therefore carbon can form..

DEFINITION 34

84 covalent bonds

TERM 35

macromolecules

DEFINITION 35

the most biological molecules that are very large

macromolecules are polymers. polymers are..

chains of many identical repeating, smaller molecules called

MONOMERS

TERM 37

4 types of molecules that makeup

cells?

DEFINITION 37

carbohydrateslipidsproteinsnucleic acids

TERM 38

carbohydrates are commonly used for energy

as in sugars or used for storage as in..

DEFINITION 38

starch and glycogen

TERM 39

monosaccharides

DEFINITION 39

simple sugarsmonomers of carbohydratesmost common

example: glucoseserve as the main fuel molecules for:

CELLULAR WORK

TERM 40

disaccharides

DEFINITION 40

double sugarsformed by joining two monosaccharide

monomers together

polysaccharides

complex carbohydrateslong polymers consisting of many

monosaccharide monomers linked together

TERM 42

lipids

DEFINITION 42

commonly referred to as FATthey are hydrophobic molecules

which means they DO NOT MIX WITH WATER

TERM 43

fats perform 3 essential

functions

DEFINITION 43

extra energy storagecushioning of organsinsulation

TERM 44

fats consist of 3 fatty acid molecules linked to

a molecule called?

DEFINITION 44

glycerol

TERM 45

proteins are the macromolecules responsible

for almost all of a..

DEFINITION 45

cells function

amino acids

the monomers of proteins

TERM 47

organisms possess how many amino acids?

DEFINITION 47

20 diff

TERM 48

amino acids are composed of 3

groups..

DEFINITION 48

amino groupcarboxyl groupside group

TERM 49

amino acid monomers are linked together to

form..

DEFINITION 49

protein polymers (looks like a snake)

TERM 50

nucleic acids

DEFINITION 50

macromolecules that store genetic infoprovide the directions

for building proteinspolymers formed by joining together

many NUCLEOTIDE monomers

what are the 2 types of nucleic acids

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)RNA (ribonucleic acid)

TERM 52

DNA nucleotides consist of what 3

components?

DEFINITION 52

the sugar deoxyribosea phosphate groupone of 4 possible

nitrogenous bases-adenine (A)-thymine (T)-guanine (G)-

cytosine (C)

TERM 53

RNA nucleotides have..

DEFINITION 53

the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose(has an extra

oxygen)the nitrogen base uracil replaces thymine