CHES Exam Study Guide: Health Education and Program Planning, Exams of Health sciences

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Health Belief Model Model which people assess the threat of an emerging disease by assessing their perceived susceptibility against the severity of the disease. Programs a set of planned activities over time designed to achieve specific objectives Program Planning process of identifying needs, establishing priorities, diagnosing causes of problems, assessing and allocating resources and determining barriers to achieving objectives Vision Statement one-sentence or one-phrase statement that describes the long term desired change stemming from the efforts of an organization or program Program Mission Statement statement of the general focus or purpose of the program. Can be one- sentence statement or short narrative that broadly defines the program's purpose. Mission statements identify the scope or focus of the organization or program and are enduring over time Goals general, long-term statements or desired program outcomes and provide the direction upon which all objectives are based Objectives statements that describe, in measureable terms, the changes in behavior, attitude, knowledge, skills, or health status that will occur in the intervention group as a result of the program. They are small, specific steps that enable the goal to be met Community-based organization (CBO) public or private, nonprofit organization of demonstrated effectiveness that is representative of a community or significant segments of a community and provides educational or related services to individuals in the community Coalition group of diverse organizations and constituencies working together toward a common goal

Cultural competence/cy an ability to understand, communicate with and effectively interact with people across cultures. Comprises these components: a) awareness of one's own cultural worldview, b) attitude towards cultural differences, and c) knowledge of one's orientation affects different professional practices and relationships Stakeholders groups of key people such as those involved in the program operations, those served or affected by the program, and the primary users of the program. Expressed needs observed through individuals' use of services, such as an exercise class taken by older adults at a senior center. Actual needs may be inferred through the discrepancy of services provided to one community group as compared to another, such as bicycling and walking lanes. Perceived needs refer to what individuals in a community state that they want, such as more healthy food choices in a school's vending machine. Normative needs a discrepancy between an individual's or group's current status and that of others, such as smoke free environment in restaurants among different cities. Well Planned Health Education Programs A) Incorporate collected data about the health issues addressed and/or about other similar programs B) Organize at the grassroots level to involve the populations that will be affected C) Will be most successful if the propriety population feels it has been instrumental in program development D) Important to provide a sense of ownership and empowerment among those in the population of interest The community organization process includes: community recognition of the issue, entrance of health education specialists into the community to help organize the citizens, community assessment, priority setting, selection and implementation of an intervention, and evaluation and reassessment of the action plan.

Health education specialists should: 1. weigh the benefits and shortcomings of conference calls, webinars, face-to-face meetings, and strive to make participation seamless for priority populations, partners, and other stakeholders.

2. Should communicate about gatherings via oral messages, newsletters, and traditional and/or social media to ensure the broadest possible participation. Coalition community groups and collaborative efforts Collaborative efforts provide the opportunity for program planners to bring together representatives from diverse organizations, segments, or constituencies within the community to work toward a common goal. Also bring together a combination of resources and expertise. Steps for an effective coalition: 1. Analyze the issue or problem on which the coalition will focus
3. Create awareness of the issue
4. Conduct initial coalition planning and recruitment
5. Develop resources and funding for the coalition
6. Create coalition infrastructure
7. Elect coalition leadership
8. Create an action plan To promote this collaborative effort, health education specialists: need to research the partner organizations mission's, establish clear goals, tasks, and communication methods, and continually monitor effectiveness. People who may be interested in the program planning process: 1. Individuals who represent various groups within the priority population
9. Representatives of other stakeholders not represented in the priority population
10. Individuals who have key roles within the organization sponsoring the program Obstacles: 1. Lack of time
11. Lack of awareness

3. Lack of transportation and communication barriers
4. Lack of interest/apathy
5. Inconvenient locations or times Remove these obstacles by: making personal contact with key representatives, provide incentives for participation, choose easily accessible meeting locations and conduct training programs. Goals: 1. Help measure a program's processes and outcomes.
6. Include program components, activities, deliveries, and time frame while the outcomes could include short-term changes (knowledge, attitudes, skills, behaviors) or long-term changes (behavior adherence, health status.) Primary Prevention: focused on protecting people from developing a disease or injury Secondary Prevention: emphasizes early diagnosis of disease or potential injury. Example: regular preventative exams or screening tests Tertiary Prevention: rehabilitation after diagnosis or a disease or injury. Goal is to prevent further deterioration and maximizing quality of life through self-management or support groups. Vision Statement: one-sentence or one-phrase statement that describes the long-term desired change stemming from the efforts of an organization or community. Mission Statement 1. Statement of the purpose of organization
7. Oriented to making decision, priorities, and actions of the organization Vision 1. Statement of the desired end state
8. Oriented to group meeting the results of the organization Goals: (definition) general, long-term statements of desired program outcomes and provide the direction upon which all objectives are based.

Objectives: 1. statements that describe in measureable terms, changes in health status, behavior, attitude, or knowledge that will occur in the intervention group as a result of the program.

2. Small, specific factors that enable the goal that met SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-sensitive Program objective Changes in health status, morbidity, mortality, quality of life What is the outcome? Is there a change in health status and is attributed to the program? Environmental objective Changes in environment How has the environment changed to improve behavior and health? Behavioral objective Changes in behavior or actions of the priority population What is the impact? Is there adoption of a new healthier behavior and can it be attributed to the program? Learning objective Changes in awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills, etc. Is there requisite change in knowledge, attitudes, habits, and skills needed for behavior change? Administrative objective Adherence to time line tasks, completion of activities, efficient use of resources Is the program working? Are people attending? Are the methods appropriate? Components of Program Planning 1. Understanding and engaging the priority population
3. Conducting a needs assessment
4. Developing goals and objectives
5. Creating an intervention
6. Implementing the intervention
7. Conducting program evaluation The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model: Most often used formal planning model in health education.

PRECEDE: Phase 1: Social Assessment- define the quality of life of the prior population Phase 2: Epidemiological assessment- identify the health problems of the priority population and determine and prioritize behavioral (individual) and environmental (external) risk factors associated with the health problem. Phase 3: Educational and ecological assessment- determine predisposing (individual knowledge and affective traits), enabling (those that make poosibly a change in behavior, such as skills), and reinformcing (feedback and encouragement for a changed behavior, perhaps from significant or important others) factors. PROCEED: Phase 4: Administrative and policy assessment- determine the resources (funding, staff, other) available for the program. Phase 5: Implementation: select strategies and activities; begin program Phase 6: Process evaluation: document program feasibility Phase 7: Impact evaluation: assess the immediate effect of an intervention. Phase 8: Outcome evaluation: determines whether long-term program goals were met. Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH): 1. Goals selection

2. Intervention planning
3. Program development
4. Implementation preparation
5. Evaluation CDCynergy (Community Level Model) 1. Define and describe the problem
6. Analyze the problem
7. Identify and profile the audience
8. Develop communication strategies
9. Develop evaluation plan
10. Launch the plan and obtain feedback

Diffusion of Innovations community level theory that describes the rate at which a new program or activity will spread throughout a group of people. according to this theory, the characteristics of those accepting the program help to explain community readiness to change. health education specialists motivate groups of people to adopt the new idea or program by demonstrating how much better it is than the status quo. Health disparities a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. Health equity attainment of the highest level of health for all people. Achieving health equity requires valuing everyone equally with focused and ongoing societal efforts to address avoidable inequalities, historical and contemporary injustices, and the elimination of health and health care disparities. Infrastructure/Supplies When organizational inputs are assessed, computer hardware and software costs are included in the budget, typically categorized as physical resources. Examples include: computers, phones, mobile devices, web sites, and data storage and back-up systems. Communication Channels Newsletters, community meetings, public service announcements, and social networking sites Health Policy and enforcement strategies mandate actions through laws, regulations, policies, or rules. such actions are justified on the basis of the "the common good;" that is, they are actions implemented to protect the public's health. Educational Strategies activities usually associated with classroom-based courses, workshops, distance learning courses, or seminars. examples: audiovisual materials, printed materials, e-learning courses, social network sites, classroom techniques, health fairs, field trips. Health engineering strategies change the social or physical environment in which people live or work. affect a large number of people and may change behavior by influencing awareness, attitudes, and knowledge or through guided choice. examples: modification of offerings in vending machines (inclusion of only healthy foods and beverages)

Community health mobilization strategies directly involve participants in the change process. these strategies include initiatives such as coalition building and lobbying. Examples: community organization, community building, and community advocacy Health communication strategies all types of communication channels to change behavior. impact knowledge, awareness, or attitudes. Communication may also provide cues for action and provide reinforcement of behaviors. Health related community service strategies services, tests, or treatments to improve the health of the priority population. examples: activities that enable individuals to evaluate their personal level of health through the use of health-risk appraisals, screenings, and self-examination. Results section of an original research paper presents evidence tested against the stated hypothesis or research questions and presents statistical findings Informed consent it explains the benefits, risks, and participation is voluntary and may be terminated at any time Focus Groups techniques capitalize on communication among participants selected based on specific criteria. individuals invited to participate, and a facilitator leads the focus group. It may be difficult to infer consensus and the results may not be generalizable. Advocacy questions to consider (in order) 1. How are advocates building their professional capacities by learning skills such as communications, media relations, strategy development, and campaign planning?

2. Based on influential factors in the political, social, and economic environments, what advocacy strategies are likely to be most effective for policy change efforts?
3. How can multiple agencies work together effectively to advocate for mutually desirable policy changes?
4. How can advocacy strategies be changed during a campaign to more effectively influence desired policy changes?

MEDLINE database contains primary medical journals, many health education journals are also indexed. PubMed is its online searchable interface through the Web site of the National Library of Medicine (NLM). Offers free access to citations from MEDLINE and other journals. Education Resource Information Center (ERIC) contains journals related to school health, school-aged children, and education in its broadest sense. Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) database for health education information indices, major health education journals, and journals from nursing and many other disciplines. Evidence-based Medicine Reviews (EBMR) collection of databases that offer evidence-based strategies, programs, and medicine, such as Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE), Health Technology Assessments (HTA), methods, and article reviews Health and Psycholosocial Instruments (HaPI) collects rating scales, questionnaire, checklists, tests, interview schedules, and coding schemes/manuals for health and social sciences. PsycInfo includes a summary of journal articles, books, dissertations, and technical reports from professional and academic literature in psychology Supporting participants members that only contribute money to the coalition Advisory Board group that provides specialized guidance and expert opinion on a specific health topic in order to aid in decision-making. Behavioral Factor of Health example: consumption, medication compliance, and self-care Health departments and worksites are implementing a new health education/promotion program to increase influenza vaccine rates for adults in a five county area. What will the project lead focus on to assess the fidelity of implementation Program components are being implemented.

When choosing a policy or issue to advocate on with a legislator, which criteria should be considered first? How receptive the community or target population is to the proposed policy or advocacy effort The health education specialist is working with a local community to institute a smoke free environment in local businesses, agencies, and restaurants throughout the entire community. What type of health strategy would the health education specialist implement in the community? Ordinance The health education specialist is identifying the types of activities to be included in a health education/promotion program. In a logic model, these activities would be included in: inputs In a social ecological model, a school or worksite would fall under what factor or level Institutional A local health department has decided to adopt an evidence-based program for obesity prevention with educational materials that are not completely compatible with the community it serves. In the process of adapting the materials to make them more suitable for the population, the health education specialist should be cautious not to: change the core elements that make the program effective If selecting items from an existing instrument, what is is the correct procedure? Retain scales to cover an entire domain, rather than select one question for a complex domain. With so many changes in health eduction and health-related policy on a daily basis, it is essential that the education specialists advocate for professional development for the filed. Which is a way to advocate for professional development in the field of health education? Publish articles in peer-reviewed journals on the importance of professional development A health education specialist is developing a new Web site as part of an intervention for people with visual disabilities. Which law should the health education specialist review and consider when developing the Web site? Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act What makes a successful partnership? Effective communications should include feedback loops through which intentions, ideas, and information can be exchanged. What is an example of grassroots advocacy? Starting a community petition drive

Beneficence program planners need to justify why the chosen technology modality is best for participants (not the health promoter) Transparency informed consent processes and information provided by both participants and health promoters must be clear and accurate Equity given health disparities data, special attention should be paid to who has access to the technological modality Confidentiality data security protocols must be employed to protect private participant data Special populations additional standards to verify participant identity must be employed and regulations for protecting special populations must be followed if participants are members of included categories such as pregnant women A hospital is expanding outreach services and facilities with a new unit focused on prevention and the treatment of chronic disease. The health education specialist is tasted with gathering local data on these conditions. Which is the most useful rate to use? Prevalence rate (total number of cases at any given time) Incidence rate number of NEW cases A food borne outbreak has closed three local restaurants, and epidemiologists and food safety staff are hoping to identify the outbreak source. Health education specialists and communication specialists plan to use earned media and social media to educate local community members about the outbreak. What should the health education specialists and communication specialists do first? Identify the audience A health education specialist notices one of the lessons is not working as planned. What is the appropriate way to proceed? Adapt the lesson to the learners' needs so they are able to understand the information or skill

During flu season, health education specialists often try to promote the flu vaccine to the general public. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model, a person who does not feel susceptible to the flue might not pay attention to messages promoting the vaccine. How might a health education specialist craft a message in order to target this person? Use peripheral stimuli, such as pictures or video to increase attention. Elaboration Liklihood Model finding out how much the audience cares about an issue will help specialists craft effective messages. A person who feels directly impacted by a topic will be more likely to pay attention to a message and want details. a person who is not engaged in a topic will need peripheral stimuli to grab their attention 4 "P's" of Social Marketing Product: health behavior, program or idea Price: financial, physical, psychological, time Place: how and where learning will take place Promotion: approach used to reach the audience In planning a health education/promotion program, a health education specialist needs to develop a timeline for delivery of the intervention. How can this be done? Gantt Chart A health educator has just begun his career after graduation. He is trying to make contacts with other professionals so that he can network and share ideas. What is the best way to achieve this? Join a professional health education organization The health education specialist would use a prioritization matrix in which phase of the PRECEDE- PROCEED Model? Epidemiological assessment What is a common way to illustrate alignment of programs with an organization's mission and goals? Logic model A community agency is targeting a variety of social ecological levels to help reduce drug use in the community. Some of the levels will take substantially more time to target. Rather than wait for all

aspects of the intervention to be ready, the agency looks to begin with one level and then will add in other levels over time. This is an example of: phasing in An evaluation of a program has be conducted, and a health education specialist is preparing a report in a very tight timeline. Through all sections of the report are important for clarity and content, on which section should the health education specialist spend the most time since it likely will be read more closely by stakeholders? conclusions To deal with the greatest drawback to a multilevel strategy intervention, what model should be followed? RE-AIM RE-AIM Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance: developed to enhance the impact of health promotion interventions by evaluating the dimensions considered most relevant to real-world implementation, such as the capacity to reach underserved populations and to be adopted within diverse settings. Briefly, the reach dimension of the framework refers to the percentage and characteristics of individuals receiving the intervention; effectiveness refers to the impact of the intervention, including anticipated as well as unanticipated outcomes; adoption concerns the percentage and representativeness of settings that adopt the intervention; implementation refers to the consistency and cost of delivering the intervention; and maintenance refers to long-term sustainability at both the setting and individual levels IMB Skills Model Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills Model: was developed in Western settings characterized by a more individualistic culture in contrast to the more collectivistic culture of Thailand. (1) "information" includes relevant knowledge on antiretroviral medications such as appropriate administration, side effects, and drug interactions. Information might be correct or incorrect and can both facilitate and impede adherence. Information can also include broader adherence-related heuristics or theories, e.g., regarding ART and physiologic reactions and outcomes; (2) "motivation" includes both personal and social motivations. Personal motivation includes positive or negative attitudes toward taking antiretroviral medications, perceived benefits or side effects of taking medications, and/or perceived negative effects of nonadherence. Social motivation includes the individual's perceptions of social support from significant others for adherence and his/her desire to comply with others; and (3) "behavioral skills" are both the individual's objective ability to perform necessary adherence-related tasks and his/her perceived self-efficacy for these tasks. Adherence-related tasks include cues to dosing, strategies to minimize side effects, and self-reinforcement for adherence over time and across different situations. PAPM Model (The Precaution Adoption Process Model) attempts to explain how a person comes to decisions to take action and how he or she translates that decision into action.

Adoption of a new precaution or cessation of a risky behavior requires deliberate steps unlikely to occur outside of conscious awareness. The PAPM applies mainly to these types of actions, rather than to the gradual development of habitual patterns of behavior, such as exercise and diet, in which health considerations may play some role. However, the PAPM would apply to the initiation of a new exercise program or a new diet. Proponents of the PAPM hypothesize that there are qualitative differences among people, and question whether changes in health behaviors can be described by a single prediction equation. CRM Model (Community Readiness Model) Communities are motivated by the difference between current health situations or behaviors and the desire to reach a goal. Community readiness refers to how prepared the community is to take action to address a particular health issue. There are several stages in community readiness: absence of awareness, denial or resistance, vague awareness, preplanning, preparation, initiation, stabilization, confirmation/expansion, and high level of community ownership. A health education specialist would like to use a planning tool that outlines when specific tasks are to be accomplished before, during, and after a program. The health education specialist would also like to track accomplishment of these tasks using the same tool. What is the most useful method to do this? Gantt chart Gantt Chart a chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for those periods. What is an example of a behavioral factor that must be considered to assess the root causes of racial and ethnic disparities? Lack of seat belt use When considering materials to use for a health education/promotion program, what should a health education specialist do first? Look for evidence-based interventions and use existing protocols and materials, if possible A health education specialist is creating a program and is concerned about sustainability of the program. What action creates the greatest likelihood for sustainability? Identify partners and stakholder who can help with sustainability during the planning process A health education specialist would like to attend a school board meeting to discuss safety issues in the school. Though multiple forms of data will be used, what will cause a more emotional reaction to

evidence the necessity of an intervention? Photovoice or story telling from the students' point of view Reach, recall, and media impressions are common metrics used to evaluate: the impact of messages A health education specialist has been asked to collect qualitative data from participants. Given a short period of time, what is the best method that takes the least amount of time? Focus groups A health education specialist finds a website called The Teen Pregnancy Place, which provides a discussion board where pregnant and parenting teens can obtain advice and make friends online. It is unclear who developed the material or sponsors the site. A fact sheet regarding the weekly development of a fetus is provided, but no references are cited for the information it contains. A links page directs visitors to other websites for resources, services, and products related to pregnancy and parenting. Visitors to the website should assume that: all of the information could be inaccurate A healthy hearts coalition emails all PTA/PTO embers and asks them to contact their district school board members to vote for the healthy snacks in school policy. This appeal is considered: grassroots lobbying What is typically considered a good reason for a public health agency to seek outside help from someone other than a staff member? to seek someone with specialized skills not available internally What organization is a reliable source for data related to disabilities resulting from automobile accidents that would be used in health education program planning? National Highway Traffic Safety Administration A client comes to the health education specialist for health counseling and coaching. The client feels stressed with unresolved conflict and poor coping patterns. The health coach decides to use which of the following approaches/theoretical orientations to counseling in order to meet this specific client need? Counseling for decision-making If a HES is trying to gain support for a program within an organization, which is one way to illustrate a rationale for the program to key stakeholders? Use a logic model to show how the program aligns with the organization's mission.

In the process of selecting the most appropriate educational method to use in a health education program, what guideline should be used? Consider the nature of the audience and the purpose of the program. One of the ways to comprehensively engage the priority population in the program planning, implementation, and evaluation process is to: use community-based participatory research When planning a cardiovascular disease prevention program following the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, data on high fatty acid intake would fall into which assessment phase? Epidemiological assessment What statement contains accurate principles to address low health literacy? Use graphs or charts, rather than tables or numbers, to show rates of illness or injury. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Framework for Program Evaluation, being "realistic, prudent, diplomatic and frugal" is part of which standard for effective evaluation? Feasibility Among program participants, smoking rates will decrease by 35% in 12 months is an example of a: behavioral objective To help improve intervention fidelity, a health education specialist should create: an implementation guide. A HES gives data from an evaluation regarding drug use in a community to a community volunteer to enter. Some of the participants wrote their name on top of the survey. What ethical issue has occurred? Breach of confidentiality Which of the following is a SMART training objective? Training participants will be able to list three resources for patients who report sexual misconduct by the end of the training session By 2018, volunteers will distribute information fliers to at least 50% of program participants. This is an example of what type of objective? Process

A HES is planning a comprehensive community-based strategy to promote physical activity. In the planning-process, the HES would like to use the Social Marketing Model. If they take into account they physiological impact of exercise for a sedentary person (such as muscle soreness), which of the 4 P's is the HES addressing? Price What is considered "safe" changes to materials or program activities when using a packaged health education program? Changing text size or statistics A HES wants to collect ratio data on smoking rates. Which of the following questions would achieve this level of measurement? How many cigarettes do you smoke per day? In health education presentations, which of the following is an appropriate guideline to promote learning? Establish the relevance of the information to learners. A HES is asked to measure actual use of a walking trail in a local community. Which of the following methods is best to measure actual use of the tail over a period of a week? Observation As a HES monitors program implementation, he/she finds several lessons were not implements as originally planed. This illustrates lack of: fidelity When creating a marketing plan, the HES must segment the audience. How does this occur? By outlining specific portions of the priority population to focus on An organization is undergoing restructuring because of budgetary cuts, which in turn impacts health promotion efforts. Which approach to organization change is occurring? Revolutionary HES in a local health department are trying to understand mental health conditions common in those with chronic illness such as diabetes and cancer. Which of the following resources would be the best database to find mental health research articles? PsychInfo The intervention program has been adopted, and the priority population is ready to participate. The implementation team nees to know their tasks and associated due dates, and the health education

specialist needs a relatively simple way to track the team's projected and actual task completion progress. To meet both needs, as well as to identify and prioritize all of tasks neds for full implementation, the health education specialist creates a: Gantt Chart An afterschool program was developed to help overweight and obese adolescents lose weight. In developing the program, the health education specialist considered the adolescents' attitude, beliefs, and values regarding diet and physical activity. Knowing this information, the HES helped to: ensure the program was culturally appropriate and relevant A HES wants to raise awareness among a general audience of the dangers of second-hand smoke. What delivery method would reach a broader audience? Producing a public service announcement for local radio The social media campaign to change social norms related to teen pregnancy developed by a HES is reviewed by a group of adolescents from the priority population. Their feedback allows the HES to make changes before implementing the campaign. What type of evaluation is this? Formative A HES does not have additional staff to assist with data collection, data entry, or analysis, and has a tight timeline for data collection and analysis. Which of the following is a feasible method for the heS to collect data on attitudes toward antismoking legislation in a region? A web-based quantitative survey The lead and radon at a state health department did not have its funding renewed and its scheduled to end in next twelve months. A strategic plan, vision, and program evaluation data are available. What other sustainability domain or element should a health education specialist explore for sustaining the program? Collaborations or partnerships An informal channel for communicating information about smoking policies at the work site could include: support groups for smokers in a cessation program A health education specialist was asked to provide a school district with accurate web-based resources for their sexuality education program. What key items would a health education specialist assess? Author's credentials, web site's purpose, and references A university is working with community health workers, an American-Indian tribe, and the Tribal Health Organization to implement a diabestes prevention program. Two-day training is being planned for the

community health workers to ensure proper program delivery. What should the trainers do to create an inclusive learning environment? Build trust and respect between the learners and instructor(s) When starting the advocacy process, the HES should develop: a fact sheet about the issue. When facilitating a training workshop on a new electronic medical records system at a clinic, the HES is following the steps for successful training programs. He/she is confident in implementing the training steps, as there is little difference between this process and general health education program implementation, except for the need to: specify job performance. What does NOT help to assess the accuracy of a resource? Is the information compatible with the community context? The trainers primary responsibility is to: ensure program objectives are met. The HES must analyze the meaning of the data collected during the assessment and determine health education/promotion needs. If the health education specialist aggregates the data, which cognitive process of qualitative research is he/she focusing on? synthesizing If a HES wishes to use online surveys because of the ease of data collection, but the priority population struggles with technology. This is a breach of which ethical principle in managing technology? Beneficence After his partner was diagnosed with breast cancer, an older citizen of a community os overwhelmed by the amount of information on the topic on the internet. he asks how to sort through the information to find reputable sources. One way to help him easily limit his search is to tell him to: only visit sites that end in .gov, .org, or .edu. HES wishing to target subgroups of the priority population should: first consider how the priority population prefers to get their information. In a community-based heart disease intervention, mass hypertension screenings at the shopping mall were used as the "kick-off" activity. Which level of prevention are the screenings? Secondary

what is an example of a correctly written learning objective? "individuals participating in the health education program will be able to identify three ways to protect their skin from the sun by the end of the program." Learning objective short-term, specific descriptions of awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and skills in relation to the content being taught. Administrative objectives detail the tasks or activities completed by program facilitators for the program to succeed. they are the daily tasks and work plans that lead to the accomplishment of all other planned activities. Environmental objectives refers to environmental or non-behavioral influences on a health problem Program or outcomes objectives related to the ultimate goal(s), but are specific, measurable statements of what the educator wants to accomplish at any given time. represent the change in health status that is the desired result for the program or intervention.